Ciências Fisiológicas
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Navegando Ciências Fisiológicas por Autor "Abreu, Gláucia Rodrigues de"
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- ItemEfeitos da terapia hormonal combinada de estrogênio e drospirenona sobre a reatividade coronariana em ratas ovariectomizadas espontaneamente hipertensas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-05-15) Borgo, Mariana Veronez; Abreu, Gláucia Rodrigues de; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Mauad, Helder; Meyrelles. Silvana do SantosDrospirenone (DRSP) is a progestin with antihypertensive properties. However, its effects on endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation have not been evaluated. This study investigated the effects of combined therapy with E2 and DRSP on the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the coronary bed of ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats. Animals were randomly divided into Sham operated (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized treated with E2 (E2) and ovariectomized treated with E2 and DRSP (DRSP) groups. Hemodynamic parameters were evaluated directly by cannulation of the femoral artery. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to bradykinin in the coronary arterial bed was assessed using isolated hearts according to modified Langendorff method. Coronary protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) were assessed by Western blotting. Histological slices of coronary arteries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and morphometric parameters were analyzed. Oxidative stress was assessed in situ by dihydroethidium fluorescence. Ovariectomy enhanced systolic blood pressure, which was prevented only by the DRSP treatment. OVX causes endothelial dysfunction, an effect prevented by both treatments; however, the vasodilator response in the DRSP group was significantly higher at the three highest concentrations compared to the OVX group. ER-α expression decreased in OVX rats restored by the treatments. Morphometric parameters and oxidative stress were augmented by OVX and reduced by both the E2 and DRSP treatments. Hormonal therapy with E2 and DRSP may be an important therapeutic option in the prevention of coronary heart disease in the hypertensive post-menopausal women.
- ItemEfeitos do exercício físico e da Terapia Estrogênica sobre a reatividade vascular de aorta de ratas espontaneamente hipertensas Ovariectomizadas: papel do Sistema Renina-angiotensina(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-09-27) Endlich, Patrick Wander; Bissoli, Nazaré Souza; Abreu, Gláucia Rodrigues de; Lemos, Virgínia Soares; Santos, Maria José Campagnole dos; Gava, Ágata LagesCardiovascular diseases are the major source of morbidity and mortality in most industrialized countries including in postmenopausal women, period characterized by a decrease in the estrogens production. Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has been highlighted as a major mediator in the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as hypertension. Experimental and clinical studies showed upregulation of RAS after menopause. Although many experimental works report beneficial effects of hormonal replacement with estrogens, mainly 17β-Estradiol (E2), in the reduction of the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases, the results of clinical trials are so far to be conclusive. In this context, lifestyle modifications are necessary as the incorporation of regular physical training. Many studies have appointed that physical training can influence positively on the main cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chronic swimming training and estrogen therapy on vascular reactivity of aorta rings in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) ovariectomized rats and the expression of RAS components in aorta. The animals were divided into five groups as following: Sham (S), Ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized treated with E2 (OTE2), ovariectomized+swimming (ON) and ovariectomized treated with E2 plus swimming (OE2+N). E2 replacement was performed by s.c. injection containing 5 µg of 17β-Estradiol, three times a week. Swimming training was conducted by sixty minutes daily in a continuous way and five times per week. Both, training and E2 therapy started seven days after ovariectomy and lasted eight weeks. Forty eight hours after the last treatment and/or training session, the animals had the systolic blood pressure measured, then were sacrificed and blood was collected to measure Angiotensin II plasma levels by radioimmunoassay (RIA)and to carry out two different protocols of analysis. For the functional study with aortic rings we evaluated the response to Ang II and Angiotensin-(1- 7) and the analysis of RAS proteins expression were made by Western Blotting method, which was performed in aorta artery. The results demonstrated that both exercise and E2 increased Ang II plasma levels. However, the systolic blood pressure was attenuated by treatments. The OVX group showed increase in the constrictor response to Ang II and decrease dilatator response to Ang-(1- 7), that was reverted by swimming training or E2 therapy associated to swimming. Moreover, ON and OE2+N groups showed increase in the AT2 and Mas receptor expression. On the other hand, the ON showed increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) anti-oxidant enzyme and only the groups treated with E2 showed increase on eNOS expression. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, we conclude that both, swimming training and E2 treatment may play a role in the cardioprotection and the chronic practice of physical exercise can be a feasible alternative in relation to estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women. However, the association between physical exercise and E2 therapy not promotes additional adaptations in the parameters analyzed.
- ItemEfeitos do tratamento crônico com tamoxifeno e quimioterapia sobre marcadores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com câncer de mama(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-03-02) Romero, Walckiria Garcia; Abreu, Gláucia Rodrigues de; Gouvêa, Sônia Alves; Mill, José Geraldo; Pereira, Alexandre da Costa; Gebrim, Luiz HenriqueThe present study was aimed to assess the role of tamoxifen in risk predictors for development of heart diseases, such as the C-reactive protein (CRP), apolipoproteins A-1 (Apo-A), apolipoproteins B-100 (Apo-B), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the impacts of echocardiograms, particularly the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), in women undergoing chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer. Sixty women with breast cancer were evaluated over a 12-month period and were divided into the following groups: group that received only chemotherapy (QUIMIO) n=23; group that received chemotherapy and tamoxifen (QUIMIO+TAM) n=21; group that received only tamoxifen (TAM) n=16. The plasma levels of CRP were assessed at the beginning of treatment (T0), in the 3rd month (T3), 6th month (T6) and 12th month (T12) of treatment. The levels of Apo-A, Apo-B and pro-BNP were assessed in the T0, T6 and T12. Echocardiograms were performed in the T0 and T12. Increased plasma concentrations of CRP were observed in the QUIMIO and QUIMIO+TAM groups, in the 3rd (10.85 ± 0.02 mg/dL; 10.81 ± 2.97mg/dL) and 6th months of treatment (12.5 ± 1.95 mg/dL; 12.36 ± 2.64 mg/dL). However, at the end of the 12th month of treatment, the QUIMIO+TAM and TAM groups showed significant (p<0,01) reduction in the CRP (1.04 ± 0.38 mg/dL; 1.04 ± 0.38 mg/dL), and Apo-B values (94.3 ± 9.3 mg/dL; 96.3 ± 5 mg/dL), and in the Apo-B/Apo-A ratio (0.53 ± 0.01; 0.52 ± 0.01mg/dL), with significant increase in serum levels of Apo-A (179.5 ± 7.64; 185.1 ± 7.87 mg/dL, p<0,01). These results were not observed in the group that was given chemotherapy only (QUIMIO). The plasma values of pro-BNP were higher in the QUIMIO, QUIMIO+TAM groups in T6 (69,06 ± 11,7 pg/ml; 67,35 ± 11,9 pg/mL, p<0,01, respectively), when compared to the beginning of treatment (8,98 ± 2,1 pg/mL; 9,48 ± 1,79 pg/mL). Group QUIMIO+TAM, in turn, showed significant reduction of this peptide in T12, with values similar to those of the TAM group (11,39 ± 2,74; 8,35 ± 1,66 pg/mL, p<0,01), with the QUIMIO group maintaining high levels of pro-BNP (42,35 ± 12,9 pg/mL). Regarding LVEF, the QUIMIO group showed a significant impairment of cardiac performance (63,3 ± 4,3%, p< 0,01), whereas the QUIMIO+TAM and TAM groups maintained values similar to those observed in the beginning of treatment (76,2 ± 3,7%; 75,6 ± 4,1% vs. 73,7 ± 4,2%; 76,8 ± 4,82%, respectively). Therefore, the use of tamoxifen significantly reduces the presence of risk markers for CVD and improves the ventricular function in women after 6 months of chemotherapy for treatment the breast cancer.