Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17476

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415

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Diversidade e estrutura genética de Euterpe edulis Mart
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Carvalho, Marina Santos; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Santana, Fernanda Abreu
Euterpe edulis Mart., popularly known as juçara palm tree is an endemic palm tree of the Atlantic Forest that has been passing through an intense process of extractivism due to palm tree exploration, a product of high alimentary value. Due to the forest fragmentation and the extractivism, the juçara palm tree may be losing its genetic diversity and becoming more inclined to enter in extinction. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure in six municipalities of the South region of the state of Espírito Santo, aiming to generate information that may be used in programs of conservation and breeding of the species. Materials from 20 populations were collected, six of these populations with 39 individuals belonging to the South sub-region and 14 populations with 121 individuals from the Caparaó subregion, totalizing 160 individuals. Thirteen microsatellite primers were used. The SSR amplified a total of 86 alleles which varied from five to 11 alleles per loci, with an average of 6.62 alleles. The polymorphism information content was higher than 0.56 in all the loci. The expected heterozygosity was higher than the observed in all the populations and the fixation index was positive indicating excess of homozygotes. The diversity indexes showed moderate differentiation among the 20 evaluated populations (FST=0.18; GST=0.17; RST=0.23) and endogamy presence (FIS = 0,35). The values of these parameters were similar among the populations of each subregion, nevertheless Caparaó presented higher endogamy (FIS=0,37) and the South region presented higher differentiation (FST=0.19). The analysis of molecular variance indicated elevated variation among the populations (80.64%) with moderated value of FST (0.18). On the cluster produced by the UPGMA method, three groups were formed, and on the evaluation done by the program STRUCTURE best K, equal to 3 was obtained. All the groups were formed by populations of more than one locality and mainly of the same geographic origin. Considering the existence of populations compounded by divergent individuals and others that present high level of homozygosity it is necessary to use materials of diverse sources aiming to preserve and maintain the diversity. The information of this work reinforce the necessity of X implementing and delineating public politics as support and development of breeding programs of the species aiming to determine management methods and species conservation
Diversidade e estrutura genética em populações naturais de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Martius no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Assis, Arícia Leone Evangelista Monteiro de; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Kunz, Sustanis Horn
As a result of the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest and the selective cutting process the genetic variability of tree species has become increasingly compromised. Among these tree species, the Cabralea canjerana species threatened by reduced genetic variability of their natural populations. It is necessary to the existence of more effective programs for the conservation of this species. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of species populations in forest remnants in two protected areas in the state of the Holy Spirit through molecular markers of type Inter Single Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and was held parallel analysis of leaf morphology, aiming to obtain the most representative variables for individuals collected in two different vegetation type. In the morphological analysis, after the removal of outliers in respect to the axis 1 (59%) in order to weight characteristics of the dry mass of the petiole (PMSF), petiole length (SL) and the weight of the dry mass of leaves (PMSF) were the most representative variables for individuals Reserve already worth for individuals Caparaó variables were weight of the dry mass of the rachis (PMSR) and leaf area (LA). These factors can be explained by genotype interactions environments. In the molecular analysis used primers 10 in 46 individuals of three different populations, yielding 73 polymorphic fragments that served as the basis for the analyzes and inter-intra-population diversity. The results indicate high levels of genetic diversity in accordance with the values of the Shannon Index, which were: Vale Reservation, 0.31, Footwear Valley, 0.44 and 0.42 Valley of Santa Marta. In the overall index analysis the value was 0.475. The AMOVA most diversity occurs within populations (73%). The correct number of groups, based on the rate of change in Ln (k), statistical ?K, indicating a convergence to three Bayesian groups (K = 3). In comparing the populations of the three populations, gene flow was 0.676, considered a low value fact that supports the formation of the three Bayesian groups and structure of the population.
Estudos em Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae), uma espécie endêmica de inselbergues da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Manhães, Vitor da Cunha; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Garbin, Mário Luís
This study reports the discovery of new areas of occurrence of Pitcairnia azouryi Martinelli & Forzza, and the study of their populations regarding its genetic diversity, the amount of nuclear DNA and the chromosome number. Seven new areas of occurrence for this species were located between the northern state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and the southern state of Espírito Santo (ES), and georeferenced to the other studies. Leaf samples of 13-15 individuals were collected in five of these populations (PLB - Pedra Lisa Burarama, PA - Pedra das Andorinhas, PTI - Pedra Três Irmãs, PPC - Pedra Parada Cristal and PLC - Pedra Lisa Campos), totaling 66 individuals. Nine SSR markers were used in PCRs. Genetic polymorphisms were identified from polymorphism between individuals sampled, detected by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel 8%. The parameters of diversity and genetic structure of populations were calculated using the software Fstat, PopGene and Structure. The flow cytometry analysis was performed using leaf samples obtained from adult individuals of five populations. Cytogenetic analyzes were performed with roots obtained from germinated seeds collected in two populations. The nine SSR primers produced satisfactory amplification products, and proved to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per loci ranged between two and eight. The values of gene diversity index (Gd) and the fixation index (Fis) in populations ranged from 0.459 to 0.578 and 0.047 to 0.208, respectively. The Fst values observed showed that 81.20% of the total genetic variation is found within populations and the occurrence of gene flow (Nm) 1,073 (average number of migrants per generation). Bayesian analysis indicated that a model of k = 3 populations is able to better capture the variation in the data on the genetic structure. The high variation of fixation index added to the large genetic variation within and moderate genetic differentiation among populations suggest the occurrence of the founder effect in the dispersion of new individuals in new locations, followed by genetic drift, especially for the population of Campos dos Goytacazes. The flow cytometry analysis showed that the nuclear DNA content is 2C = 1.16 picograms in all populations analyzed, except on PLC population, in which was measured twice of DNA content (2C= 2.32 picograms). This result was explained by cytogenetic analysis which revealed individuals with 2n = 50 chromosomes in ES and individuals 2n = 100 chromosomes in RJ. This result may be due for PLC's geographical isolation, environmental characteristics of different evolutionary processes.
Caracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn
Vochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
Análise do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de lodo de esgoto em Allium cepa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Martins, Maria Nilza Corrêa; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Lopes, José Carlos; David, José Augusto de Oliveira
The sewage sludge can contain high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its use in agricultural soils can be studied by the behaviour (or by the development and growth) of the different plant species relating to the toxic effects of this residue in different plant species. In a review it was possible to obtain data from the effects of the transfer of contaminants in soils supplemented with sewage sludge for plants and plants via the food chain. An organism test Allium cepa shows a positive response to this analysis of toxicity, that aimed to study the genetic toxicity of sewage sludge in Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Morphology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), in the municipality of Alegre, using seeds of Allium cepa treated with sludge from the ETE Jerônimo Monteiro and ETE Mulembá. The sludge were analysed with regard to physico-chemical and biological properties, according to the resolution CONAMA 375/2006. For the analysis of toxicity on the seeds of Allium cepa, 5.000 cells per treatment were evaluated by direct contact and trapped the samples and controls. The gross sludge presented physico-chemical results within the limits established by CONAMA resolution 375/2006. Only in the microbiological analysis the sludge of ETE of Jerônimo Monteiro presented fecal coliforms above the limit established by the resolution. For potential toxicity testing the sludge of ETE Jerônimo Monteiro was phytotoxic to raw sewage sludge, cytotoxic and genotoxic for sewage sludge solubilization. The gross sludge of ETE Mulembá presented genotoxic and mutagenic potential, while the sludge solubilized was cytotoxic. The sewage sludge with addition of lime presented potential phytotoxic to raw sludge, and for the sludge solubilized showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both sludge have toxic potential, serving warning to their use in agricultural soils, which should be monitored with cytogenetic analyses and control of toxic elements present in its composition.
Estudo da interação genótipo x ambiente e validação de marcadores microssatélites associados a QTLs para conteúdo de óleo e proteína em soja
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Souza Neto, José Dias de; Piovesan, Newton Deniz; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Bueno, Rafael Delmond; Silva, Luciano da Costa
Soy is one of the most important crops worldwide due to the oil and extracted protein from its seeds. Due to this importance, our objective was the evaluation of strains of soybean, from Quality Breeding program at UFV in the state of Minas Gerais, from oil and protein content as well as adaptability and stability of the lines in three environments, the latter being evaluated by the methods of Eberhart and Russell and Centróides. Also, we aimed to select SSR markers associated with QTLs for oil content and protein in these strains. A total of 56 locus of SSR markers, were used. Regarding the analysis of adaptability and stability, the strains 13, 18, 90, 148, 152,172, 204, 206, 174 and 120. We selected for oil content, and the lines 124, 158 and 143, for protein. The grouping analysisformed 21 groups of 208 limhagens, with 92,184, 6101 and 192 Msoy showing greater dissimilarity genotype. The association analyzes did not reveal any association at 1 and 5% significance level using the Bonferroni correction. However, allele 3 was selected alleles in marker 239, and alleles 1 and 2 at Satt 539, for oil, while allele 1 at Satt 263, and allele 3 at Satt 463 for protein content.
Cultivares de feijoeiro : efeito do solo, adubação foliar e competição com trapoeraba
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Gomes, Lidiane dos Santos; Ferreira, Adésio; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Oliveira, Fábio Luiz de
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the food consumed in Brazil, rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals. A growing body of research that integrate from plant breeding and the management of fertilizer to increase nutrients in the edible parts, developing plants with higher levels of vitamins and micronutrients. The introduction of biofortified foods such as beans, complements human nutrition that suffers from malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to know how growing conditions influence the grain quality and the importance to obtain a food with higher nutritional value. Besides knowing how far the influence of weed affects the production and absorption of nutrients from the bean. The objective of this study was to analyze the agronomic and nutritional characteristics influenced by the interference of weed, effect of fertilization and soil in bean cultivars. Chlorophyll content, leaf number was assessed, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, harvest index per plant, dry matter of spiderwort, relationship grain and locus, average seed weight and iron and zinc in the leaves and analysis grains. The results of the study showed that competition with spiderwort affected some agronomic characteristics, due to competition for nutrients. The soil for cultivation also interfere with the production, eutrophic ground provided better results of cultivars. Fertilization did not affect the levels of iron and zinc in bean grains. The BRS Agreste, BRS Amethyst and BRS Style showed better results in most of the analyzed characteristics. Finally, it is concluded that the production of beans, needs a soil with good nutrition, a good organic matter content, management of fertilization and weed to increase production.
Desempenho ecofisiológico de uma espécie dioica (Myrsine coriácea) em diferentes fitofisionomias da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Moreira, Vinicius Ferreira; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Garbin, Mário Luís
Myrsine coriacea is a dioecious woody plant found in different phytophysiognomies in the biome of the Atlantic Forest, mainly in south and southeast regions of Brazil. It takes part in the feeding of many regional and / or migratory birds, and It shows potential for use in restoration projects of degraded areas. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the ecophysiological performance of female and male individuals m. cori in different vegetation types of the Atlantic Forest. It was evaluated characteristics morphological, physiological and biochemical responses, of male and female M. coriacea individuals situaded in three phytophysiognomies (Sandbank, Ombrophilous Forest and Altitude Fields). Female subjects showed an increase in ALT 34.8% higher than the male subjects. This result corresponds to the profile of dioecious plants, female plants which generally have higher growth rates, focusing on the production and maintenance of fruit. Environmental factors in altitude fields limit the photosynthetic responses without damaging the ecophysiological performance of M. coriacea, this behavior refers to the responses obtained in LA: SA which guaranteed the hydraulic efficiency and so the disposal and allocation of water and nutrients contributing to the production and development of the individuals. On the other hand, male plants obtained better performance in foliar resources, wich demonstrates that male individuals tend to allocate resources, mainly nitrogen, in the roots contributing to efficiency in the conduction and production of leaves and flowers in order to promote an effective pollination. Responses of FLA and CAR were pertinent in the performance of individuals as a result of environmental factors of each phytophysiognomy. Plants in altitude camps had a higher concentration of 41% compared to individuals of rain forest, and 11% from the Restinga. The altitude in Rain, made male and female subjects accumulate less metabolites in their leaves. In addition, FLA concentrations and CAR promoted defense conditions in M. coriacea, the effect of temperature variation. In conclusion M. coriacea indicated differences in the ecophysiological performance between the sexes, due to the trade - off found in dioecious plants, developing fundamental strategies to favor the survival of the specie resulting from the environmental characteristics of each field studied.
dentificação de marcadores de genes de resistência a patógenos em eucalipto e soja por RGA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-27) Vieira, Paula Mikaely Henrique; Ferreira, Adésio; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Mendonça, Aria Andréia Corrêa
Along the evolution the plants developed a sophisticated mechanism of defense against the attack of phytopathogens, known as pre-formed defense. This system comprehends a complex net of biochemical signalization, commanded by resistance genes, the R genes. The identification of these genes in cultures of agronomic interest as soybean and eucalyptus amplifies the genetic basis of resistance, what makes the plants less vulnerable to the attack of pathogens. The R genes codify proteins with conserved domains. The presence of these domains allows the use of PCR technics aiming the DNA isolation and the cloning of analogous sequences of resistance genes (RGA) by means of the use of specific degenerated oligonucleotides for the conserved regions. It was aimed with this work: 1) to evaluate the presence of fragments associated to the resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata in genotypes of eucalyptus; 2) to measure the diversity among eucalyptus genotypes; 3) to identify fragments related to the resistance to the nematodes Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne spp in soybean genotypes and; 4) to carry out a comparative analysis of the data obtained by RGAs with SSR markers that contemplate QTLs of resistance. The cluster analyses carried out with the data of RGA and SSR allow distinguishing groups of genotypes that are resistant and susceptible to C. fimbriata and revealed the diversity existent among the studied individuals, the heatmap graphic allowed identifying fragments associated to the resistance to C. fimbriata in eucalyptus cultivars. The RGA markers applied in soybean were efficient in discriminating soybean genotypes that were resistant and susceptible to the nematodes in study, and it is important to associate to these the use of SSR markers because they are powerful in amplifying and discriminating genotypes according to the race and specificity of the pathogen.
Diversidade genética em populações de Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) em remanescentes da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-29) Costa, Thais Lazarino Maciel da; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Rosado, Carla Cristina Gonçalves; Demolinar, Fábio Miranda
Population parameters inferred from genetic data are useful in the characterization of natural populations and important in determining priority areas for conservation, such as the Atlantic Forest, which has an extensive biodiversity, what makes the complete evaluation of the species not viable. Thus, genetic studies of some populations allow to interpret the community and to extrapolate the results to other similar species. Myrsine umbellata is a shrubby species, widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest, a pioneer, a facilitator in natural regeneration areas, with zoochorous dispersion and their fruits are important in the birds diet. In order to identify the genetic diversity between and within the populations, six populations of M. umbellata were sampled, which are: Macieira, Ibitirama, Iúna, State Park of Forno Grande, Santa Teresa and State Park of Blue Stone, totaling 63 individuals. 10 ISSR molecular markers were used to amplify 129 loci, obtaining 100% of polymorphism for nine primers. The data were submitted to similarities analysis between individuals by Jaccard coefficient, showing greater similarity between the Ibitirama and Iúna populations. The expected Nei diversity index (He) and the Shannon index (H ') in the populations ranged from 0.28 to 0.18 and 0.18 to 0.12, respectively, where the Macieira population showed the highest values and the Ibitirama population the lowest ones. The AMOVA showed that the most part of the genetic diversity occurs within populations (67.41%) than between populations (32.58%), with the statistical ØST presenting a high level of genetic differentiation of 0.32. The allelic flow estimated for the populations set was high (Nm = 1.24), but it is believed that this value is assigned to a historical gene flow when populations were part of metapopulations, before the forest fragmentation processes. An AMOVA was also accomplished to examine pairwise the FST values of the populations, and the values found indicate that the populations are moderate to highly structured. The UPGMA clustering method was used for both, individuals and populations, and two big groups were formed, confirmed by evaluation done by the program STRUCTURE best K, equal to 2 was obtained. The maintenance of genetic variability in populations is the basis of species conservation, therefore, these data indicate that conservation strategies for M. umbellata populations should prioritize population samples that are internal, as these are an important source of germplasm for in situ conservation
Divergência funcional em características reprodutivas, morfológicas e fisiológicas de Mabea fistulifera ao longo de um gradiente de altitude na Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-10-09) Pereira, Jéssica Priscilla; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Zanotti, Rafael Fonsêca
This work aimed to study the ecophysiological performance matrices of Mabea fistulifera in response to changes in environmental conditions and availability of resources that occur along an elevation gradient of 535 m (399-934 m). The study was conducted in forest regeneration areas of the Atlantic Forest, characterized by vegetation type Forest Semideciduous in Caparaó-ES region. The identification and marking of 29 matrices occurred in October 2013, along with the collection of plant material. The morphological and physiological analyzes were carried out in March 2014, after the period of maximum vegetative growth. At the end of the reproductive period, fruits were collected for the determination of biometric features and germination performance. Matrices showed an average of 5 fruits per bunch and fruit with dry mass of 1.7 g. The seeds an average volume of 227.8 mm3 and dry weight of 83.3 mg. With the dry biomass of fruits partition, approximately 85% was partitioned in the pericarp and 15% partitioned to the seeds. Germination ranged 2-92%, while the germination speed index from 0.34 to 2.19. The fruits of biometrics and seeds were not associated directly with the altitude of establishment of headquarters. The germination performance (germination and vigor) was closely related to the proportion of dry biomass partitioned fruit for seed and showed a positive correlation with the change in altitude. The morphological and physiological characteristics were evaluated and related to altitude, nutrient availability in the soil (available phosphorus and sum of bases) and intrinsic factors of each plant matrix (Cup exposure index and stem diameter). Among the characteristics evaluated, the relationship between leaf area and xylem area active branches (morphology) and stomatal conductance (physiological), showed the highest variability between the arrays. Regions located at higher altitudes were associated with decreased availability of nutrients in the soil, and arrays that were established in these regions had higher specific leaf area values and leaf area ratio. M. fistulifera arrays presents phenotypic plasticity in morphological and physiological characteristics in response to changes in altitude, associated with changes in the availability of water and nutrients.
Crescimento e variações diurnas da fotossíntese de genótipos de Coffea canephora cultivados à campo sob condições contrastantes de disponibilidade de luz
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Souza, Dinorah Moraes de; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Carias, Cíntia Machado de Oliveira Moulin
Coffee is a tropical perennial crop of extreme importance for global agribusiness. It is usually grown in regions potentially subject to stress especially thermal, water and nutritional. During the crop cycle, limiting conditions are accentuated during the reproductive growth period, leading to significant decline of crop yields, and leading to significant decline of crop yield. Shading Systems (Trees), while providing sensitive changes in microclimate, it can minimize the adverse climate effects on crops. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and diurnal variations of genotypes photosynthesis of coffea canephora cultivated in field under contrasting conditions of light availability. The study was conducted in field conditions in the municipality of Alegre-ES. The experiment was set up by combining four clones of coffea canephora (02, 48, 83 and 153) of the array clonal “Conilon Vitória- Incaper 8142” with two levels of light availability [0% (full sunlight) and 30% of shade], totaling eight treatments, with five replicates. Growth evaluation were held in plagiotropic branches from the middle third of plants, selected in the flowering stage and evaluated until the ripening of the fruits. Diurnal variation of the parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence were carried out in three periods throughout the day: 09, 12 and 15h during the filling phase. Clone 02 presented superior performance under full sun conditions, with photosynthetic rate higher than average, normally described for the species (approximately 16 ?mol m-2 s-1). Clone 48 had a better performance under shade because it maintained higher photosynthetic rates throughout the day. This allowed the balance between the photoassimilates investment, necessary to meet the demand of vegetative growth and management of fruit growth, consequently, presenting lower abortion rates and higher numbers of fruits per rosettes.
Comparação de Modelos Genético-estatisticos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Preliminares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Guilhen, José Henrique Soler; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Pastina, Maria Marta; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Estudos citogenéticos em Dorstenia L. (Moraceae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-07-18) Barreto, Lucas Mesquita; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Garbin, Mário Luís; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Werner, Elias Terra
Diversidade morfológica e molecular em Piper (Piperaceae) em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-07-18) Christ, Jheniffer Abeldt; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Oliveira, Juliana Rosa P. M. de; Garbin, Mário Luís
The conservation and management of the Atlantic Forest depends upon reliable knowledge about how many and which species this biome shelters. Floristic inventories have an important role in this process, especially when conducted in poorly known remnants, with a high conservation priority. This paper presents the study of the genus Piper (Piperaceae) in the Mata das Flores State Park, Castelo municipality, Espírito Santo State (ES). The study was based on the analysis of dried specimens, as well as those observed in the field, from February 2012 to August 2015. Twenty species of piper were identified. Amongst these species, Piper dilatatum, P. macedoi and P. piliovarium were recorded for the first time for the Espírito Santo State. Piper bicorne, an endemic species from ES and known only for the Santa Leopoldina municipality, had its geographical distribution expanded to the Castelo municipality. Most of the Piper species in the MFSP occur in valleys, and they are commonly found near watercourses. This is worrying given that these areas are just the most affected by the expansion of the rural and urban areas that surround the Park.
Diversidade genética de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby, em área de plantio no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-26) Silva Júnior, Adelson Lemes da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Rosado, Carla Cristina Gonçalves
Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby, is popularly known as Paricá and endemic to the Amazon rainforest. Its wood is of great acceptance in the timber sector, due to its well formed and straight trunk, with smooth, uniform texture and sapwood white. It also presents ecological importance and may be used in degraded areas restoration projects due to its rapid growth. For landscaping is considered an ornamental species, because of its intense yellow flowering, sweet aroma. However, despite the importance and potential of the species, there is no availability of genetically improved material, selected to the environmental conditions of the Espírito Santo. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity in a population of S. amazonicum established in an area of forest planted in the southern state of Espírito Santo. Information on the population structure and genetic diversity are needed in pre-breeding program and germplasm conservation of this species, especially when you want to use this as planting seed orchard. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of 3 blocks and 5 treatments, ie five spacings (3x2 m, 3x3 m, 3x4 m, 4x4 m and 5x5 m). Initially, it carried out the forest inventory of the population for the variables dendrometric diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). Analysis of variance and the Tukey test revealed that only the treatments had an effect on dendrometric variables. Therefore, they were chosen that had higher average and were not statistically different from each other, and the treatments T3, T4 and T5 representing the spacing 3x4 m, 4x4 m and 5x5 m, respectively. Thus, for the selection of mother trees was carried out the overall average of DAP and Ht variables for the chosen treatments, being marked and georeferenced 57 trees in each treatment, totaling 171 trees. For the purpose of the study were used 11 primers Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), which generated 79 polymorphic (58%). About polymorphic information content (PIC) held for ISSR, average of 0.37 was found, characterizing them as informative averagely. The locos number found (n = 79) was higher than that established as optimal number (n = 69). The results corroborated the dendrogram with Bayesian analysis by STRUCTURE program, according to the method ?K the most likely number of clusters K is defined as two (K = 2). Thus, a group formed with the majority of individuals (genotypes 153) and the second with a minority (18 genotypes). High genetic diversity was found with number of observed alleles (Na = 2.00), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.65), diversity index of Nei (H' = 0.375) and Shannon index (I = 0.554). With this study we found that the ISSR markers were efficient to characterize the genetic diversity in S. amazonicum, and that the population can be used as orchard for seed collection and seedling production with greater genetic variability.
Diversidade genética de Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (Fabaceae) em área de plantio no sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-30) Cortelete, Maressa Albuquerque; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Rosado, Carla Cristina Gonçalves
The development of a forest species aiming the production in plantations demands works of pre-breeding and the development of silvicultural techniques. Obtaining information that reveals the levels of genetic diversity, as well as the processes that maintain it, is necessary when it is desired to practice conservation and breeding measures. Knowing and understanding how genetic diversity is structured in geographic space contributes to the understanding of the evolutionary history and the population dynamics of the species. For most of the species of the Atlantic Forest Biome, there is still little knowledge about genetic diversity for possible breeding programs, so this work aims to generate information about the genetic variability of Anadenanthera peregrina (angico-vermelho), established in an area of planted forest in the southern region of Espírito Santo, through molecular markers. Leaf tissue samples from each plant were used for the extraction and purification of the DNA. The molecular data record was made from polymorphisms of the PCR products among genotypes, detected by 10% polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Six SSR molecular markers were used and the number, richness and frequency of alleles, frequencies and genotypic distributions, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations and fixation index (F) were calculated for each locus. The values of genetic similarity between individuals in the population were estimated by the square of the mean Euclidean distance from the molecular data. Estimates of genetic dissimilarity (dii ') were made according to the arithmetic complement of the simple coincidence coefficient and organized into matrices, to be used in cluster analysis by the mean linkage between groups (UPGMA). The inference of genetic groups in the individuals of the population was made using a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach. Were selected 166 individuals, each tree it had the georeferential location (by GPS) and it was characterized dendometrically (DBH and total height). All loci presented polymorphism and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 9. The mean value of PIC was informative (0.72), the expected and observed mean heterozygosity values were 0.76 and 0.74 respectively, and the ratio of these values generated negative fixation indexes (FIS) at some loci, indicating the excess of heterozygotes in the population, for the Acol 18 and Acol 18 loci, the values were positive. The genetic diversity (H ') had values equal to the expected proportion of heterozygotes (He) - 0.76, showing that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allelic richness was on average 7.64 alleles per loco. The dii 'estimates were 100% in 89 access pairs and the lowest dii' value was between 82 and 83 individuals (7.14%). The dendrogram obtained by the UPGMA method shows that the population is structured in 6 groups, and the analysis by Bayesian approach confirms that the population is structured in only 2 genetic groups (K = 2). By means of these two methods it is possible the orientation for selection of individuals with smaller or greater genetic variability, thus obtaining lots of seeds with good genetic variability for a future seed orchard
Crescimento de mudas Coffea arabica L. em substrato com lodo de esgoto e avaliação de sua toxidade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-30) Gouvêa, Glaucia de Mello Cunha; Cunha, Glaucio de Mello; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Freitas, Allan Rocha de
The treatment of domestic sewage has caused the production of large quantities of solid waste, sewage sludge, being an environmental problem. Being source of essential nutrients for the development of agronomic interest plants is undoubtedly one of the best alternatives for final disposal. However, recycling of sewage sludge is safely occur to people and the environment since the waste can contain organic and inorganic compounds, such as toxic heavy metals, and pathogens. The objective of this study to analyze the growth of Coffea arabica L. seedlings in the substrate compound sewage sludge sanitized and the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic sludge through genetic toxicity bioassay Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. The substrates used were: soil (Horizon B ultisol) in 85% proportions for the treatment T1 plus 15% of cattle manure, 85% for T2 treatment with addition of 15% sanitized sewage sludge, 70% for treatment T3 plus 30% of sanitized sewage sludge, 55% for T4 treatment plus 45% of sanitized sewage sludge and 40% for T5 treatment plus 60% of sanitized sewage sludge, comprising five treatments with six replications. Growth variables were measured after the period of seedlings formation and subsequently the substrates. Toxicity analyzes were performed in root meristem cells of Allium cepa, with 5.000 cells were analyzed by direct contact treatment and solubilized samples and controls. All variables were negatively affected from the sewage sludge increment sanitized. The treatments with sewage sludge by direct contact showed cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic effect. Treatments with solubilized sewage sludge showed genotoxic effect. The use of sewage sludge sanitized substrates for the formation of coffee seedlings was not efficient for reasons of toxicity, not favoring their growth
Mapeamento e detecção de QTL em mandioca
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Quadros, Iana Pedro da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Oliveira, Ede Jorge de; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Arêdes, Fernanda Abreu Santana; Santos, Lidiane Gomes dos
Cassava is typical of the tropics and food security of supply for over 600 million people, used in food human and animal, and industry by extracting of starch and biofuel production. Brazil is the second country in production, but the increase in production is low to meet the growing market. The comprehension of the genetic architecture of agronomically important traits is useful to delineate crossings and enables the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in assisted selection purpose and cloning of candidate genes. This work objective to identify, map and characterize QTL for plant height (AP), shoot productivity (PPA), total yield of fresh roots (PTR), dry matter content of the root (MS) and starch productivity (PROD-AMD) in cassava. For this it was used a F1 population of 141 individuals from the cross between the cultivars Fécula Branca and BRS Formosa kept in randomized block design with two replications and 16 plants per plot for phenotypic analysis. The genotyping of individuals was performed using SNP, microsatellite and minisatellite. The map was constructed multipoint approach and detection of QTL analysis performed for contrast medium and interval of considering the different types of QTL segregation. Variability was observed for all the traits and high correlations, except for MS, especially PTR and PROD-AMD (0.98) and high heritability for AP (74.29%). Also, transgressive segregation was detected for all traits, indicating complementation of parental alleles in segregating progeny. The genetic map represented regions of the 18 chromosomes of cassava and was composed of 283 markers in 32 linkage groups. A region of chromosome 10 showed evidence of pleiotropy. For AP, PPA and AMD-PROD a common QTL was identified as well as PTR, AMD-PROD and three common QTL were checked. MS showed exclusive QTL. These results indicate the quantitative control of the traits studied, with large and small detected QTL effect. These are useful in improving the culture seeking greater productivity.
Caracterização morfoagronômica e molecular de feijão comum
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-31) Alves, Ludimila Pimenta; Dalvi, Leandro Pin; Moulin, Monique Moreira; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume for the world population to be supplier of protein. The modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of genetic diversity bean. The activities of collection and characterization of germplasm possible to know regional genotypes and contribute to minimize the loss of genetic diversity. The aim of this study was to characterize 20 bean genotypes of germplasm bank of the Plant Production Department of School of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo, through morphological markers, living with spiderwort and molecular markers. They used commercial genotypes 5 and 15 regional acquired from family farmers in the Alegre county, Espírito Santo, Caparaó Capixaba region. Morphoagronomic analyzes were performed, analysis of coexistence with the weed Commelina diffusa and molecular analysis using 9 ISSR primers. The results showed that there was complete agreement between the groupings made by the qualitative and molecular characters. There is a significant genetic diversity in the sample bean genotypes from the Alegre county, Espirito Santo, Capixaba Caparaó region (regional), but between commercial genotypes, diversity is relatively narrow. Commercial cultivars showed little dissimilarity between themselves. The spiderwort can influence the development of the bean, and the cultivars may exhibit different behavior in relation to coexistence. The morphoagronomic and molecular characterization were effective in differentiating the genotypes and both accessions were considered distinct

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