Doutorado em Biologia Vegetal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17505

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019. Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1, p.63 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 14/03/2019, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://biologiavegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBV/detalhes-do-curso?id=99

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Alocação de carbono e resposta oxidante em dois morfotipos de Paubrasilia echinata submetidos a diferentes condições de déficit de pressão de vapor e temperatura
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-11-06) Gasparini, Xismenia Soares da Silva; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogerio Faustini; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Aquije, Gloria Maria de Farias Viegas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-7253; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Gomes, Marcos Thiago Gaudio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9903805899337418; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425
PPaubrasilia echinata is a tree species originating from the Atlantic Forest. This species has different morphotypes, among them the small and medium that differ in morphology and ecological habit. The small morphotype is described as an ombrophilous plant, while the medium morphotype shows heliophilic behavior. From the climate reports released, it is noted that environmental disturbances may occur as a result of these changes. According to reports, for the northeast portion of the Atlantic Forest is expected intense warming and reduction of rainfall. For the south / southeast portion, trends indicate warmer weather, with intensification in rainfall patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of vapor pressure deficit (DPV) and temperature on carbon allocation, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant responses (flavonoids, phenols and MDA) as mechanisms of tolerance to these climate changes. Therefore, plants of small and medium morphotypes were submitted to four different controlled environments (A), being A1- low DPV and temperature (0.7 KPa and 25.9 ° C); A2- low DPV and high temperature (31.6 ° C and 1.0 KPa); A3- high DPV and temperature (32.6 ° C and 3.1 KPa) and A4- high DPV and temperature (26 ° C and 1.7 KPa). The analysis of soluble sugars (AS), sucrose, reducing sugars (AR), starch and wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were performed in the three organs (leaf, stem and root) of plants of both morphotypes. Already the analyzes referring to the non- enzymatic oxidant system were performed in the leaves. Both morphotypes showed, in the A3 environment, higher concentration of leaf AS in relation to the stem and root. This result presented higher RA concentration and lower leaf sucrose concentration, since this carbohydrate can be used as osmoregulator, besides being the main translucent photoassimilate in plants and can be used in other reactions. The roots of the small morphotype, under elevated temperature, presented higher root concentration of sucrose compared to the other environments. In both morphotypes, the RA concentration was higher in leaves, especially in A3. Under high DPV, especially in A3, the small morphotype showed higher root starch concentration and lower leaf concentration. In the mean morphotype,. starch allocation was higher in leaves than in other organs. The highest starch concentration is related to storage organs (seeds, tubers, roots ...) and its lower leaf concentration is related to stress conditions. The high concentration of lignin in the roots of both morphotypes may favor water transport, besides protecting plant tissues from chemical / biological degradation. The highest concentration of cellulose and hemicellulose was observed in the medium morphotype A1 stems, and the opposite for the small morphotype. Regarding the oxidative reaction, the small morphotype presented higher content of H2O2 in A4, where the lipid peroxidation, indicated by the higher MDA content, was higher. The same result was observed for the average morphotype in A1. Under these conditions, the non enzymatic antioxidant system was inefficient due to the lower concentrations of phenols and flavonoids. In higher temperature environment, the small morphotype (A2) and the medium morphotype (A3) presented lower concentration of H2O2 and MDA. This result may suggest less cellular damage due to lower lipid peroxidation. Thus, it can be concluded that A1 and A4 appear to be stressful conditions for the small and medium morphotype, respectively. However A2 and A3 can be considered favorable environments, respectively, for the small and medium morphotypes.
Avaliação alelopática, mutagênica e fitoquímica de extratos vegetais de três espécies exóticas invasoras
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-17) Moreira, Schírley Aparecida Costalonga; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; Belcavello, Luciano
Biological contamination is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and contributes to the extinction of native species. Studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of invasion used by alien species are very important in the search for effective solutions to combat these species allelopathy is a promising field of investigation; however, the relationships between allelopathic effects and intracellular changes are rarely established. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemistry of the foliar ethanolic extract of Acacia mangium Willd (forest mangrove), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit) and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl (loquat) as well as infer about their allelopathic actions through four test organisms (Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, Leucaena leucocephala e Urochloa brizantha) and its mutagenic potential using the A. cepa system. In allelopathic assay, seeds of test organisms germinated on Petri dishes covered with filter paper soaked with deionized water (negative control) or four concentration of each extract (1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/mL); were measured the germination index (GI), germination speed index (GSI), allelopathic index (AI), radicles growth speed index (RGSI), germination mean time (GMT), germination mean speed (GMS) and radicles mean length (RML). For mutagenic assay A. cepa seeds were submitted to continuous and discontinuous (acute and chronic) treatments in medium with deionized water, the herbicide trifluralin (1,9 µL/mL) - positive control -or one concentration of extracts and were measured the mitotic index (MI), aneugenic effect index (AEI), clastogenic effect index (CEI) and anomaly index (AI). A. mangium Willd extract presented in its composition saponins, triterpenes and tanins and affected the GI, GSI and AI of L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha; in relation to GMT, L. leucocephala was the only specie affected. The GMS changed only in L. sativa. All species had RML and RGSI modified. The extract shown cytotoxic properties, since it reduced the MI of A. cepa without changed the AEI, AI and CEI. To A. heterophyllus Lam extract, was detected flavonoids, triterpenes and tanins and occurred significant changes in AI and GI to L. sativa, A. cepa e U. brizantha; the GSI was affected in L. sativa e U. brizantha, while GMT reduced in L. leucocephala e U. brizantha. RML and RGSI of all test organisms were altered. Besides reducing the MI, the extract caused an increase in CEI demonstrating that the observed allelopathic effects are reflections of both a cytotoxic and a genotoxic action. In turn, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl extract shown flavonoids, steroids, saponins and alkaloids in its phytochemical profile and reduced the GI, GSI and AI in L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha. There was a decline in GMS of L. sativa. The extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl presented cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials and affected RML and RGSI of all test organisms. Of the three species tested, Eriobotrya japonica presented potential for the development of a Biological control for other alien species.
Avaliação da atividade alelopática, antioxidante, fotoprotetora e análises fitoquímicas do extrato de folhas de Euterpe edulis Martius.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-03-20) Mariquito, Anderson; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Franca, Hildegardo Seibert; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1284874997224988; Colman, Carine Coneglian de Farias; Seibert, Janaina Brandao
Euterpe edulis Martius (Palmeira Juçara) is a native Brazilian palm (Arecaceae), about which there are very few reports regarding its biological activity and chemical composition. The objective of this research was to perform bioprospecting and evaluate t
AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ALELOPÁTICA, ANTIOXIDANTE, FOTOPROTETORA E DO PERFIL FITOQUÍMICO DE EXTRATOS DE FOLHAS DE GEONOMA SCHOTTIANA (ARECACEAE)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-03-20) Gomes, Alessandro Bermudes; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Franca, Hildegardo Seibert; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1284874997224988; Colman, Carine Coneglian de Farias; Seibert, Janaina Brandao
Geonoma schottiana Mart. is a native plant of the Atlantic Forest and it shows few studies on its biological and phytochemical potential. Therefore, this study aimed at bioprospecting of the G. schottiana leaves, evaluating its allelopathic, antioxidant,
Avaliação de água e sedimentos do rio Jucu-ES por meio de marcadores citogenéticos e bioquímicos.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-12-09) Coelho, Edvar Junior Roncetti; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4379-8465; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8380236718420888; Morales, Maria Aparecida Marin; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3890-0648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6712127307223557; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-2441; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4502113593775550; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogerio Faustini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-492X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; Silva, Diolina Moura; https://orcid.org/000000033885280X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0341541450627705; Morozesk, Mariana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1224-1384; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2349971989309678
The Jucu River, the object of this study, is located in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil) and plays this fundamental socioeconomic role for the region. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental water quality of the Jucu River, through surface water and sediment samples in six stations along the river in the dry and rainy periods, to understand the impact of rainfall on the quality of water used for human supply and agriculture. Physical and chemical parameters of water samples were measured and elemental quantification of aluminum, cadmium, lead, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and zinc in water and elutriate samples were carried out. In addition to the abiotic analyses, bioassays were performed on specimens of Allium cepa exposed to the samples, where the germination index, root growth index, mitotic index, chromosomal alteration index, mutagenicity index and evaluation of the biochemical and biotransformation biomarkers of the antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation) were evaluated. The results revealed total nitrogen levels above the limits established by legislation in the first sample and high turbidity levels in the second sample, both probably influenced by rainfall during the collection periods. The results of the elementary quantification alert that there is contamination of the water and elutriate samples with values above those allowed by the legislation for Al, Fe, Mn, and Cu in all stations of the two samplings and that all other elements were superior to the legislation in the second sampling of elutriate (rainy season). It is suggested that Al and Fe contamination is due to the pedological characteristic of the Jucu River watershed, predominantly composed of red-yellow latosol and cambisol soils. However, the contamination was possibly originated from agricultural and livestock activities in the region and also due to the input of untreated effluents into the river. The bioassays revealed a potential phytotoxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic effect in most samples, intensified in the rainy season, and these effects can be correlated to the metals quantified in the samples and/or to climate change with changes in precipitation. Alterations in antioxidative metabolism were also observed in most treatments, evidenced by lipid peroxidation observed in the second water sample and the first elutriate sample. These results demonstrate that the water quality of the Jucu River is compromised for human supply, and irrigation and that there is contamination by metals with bioavailability influenced by periods of rain and drought that can cause stressful effects on aquatic biodiversity and the human population that interacts with this ecosystem.
“Avaliação do Potencial Biológico e Análise Fitoquímica de Extrato Etanólico e Frações, Obtido de Folhas de Clusia Fluminensis Plank & Triana”
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-10-30) Perini, Flavio Mauricio; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005727951505420; Junior, Pedro Correa Damasceno; https://orcid.org/0000000188794850; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3493599001978076; Colman, Carine Coneglian de Farias; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Seibert, Janaina Brandao
The researchers look at the secondary metabolites of potential allelopathic plants as an alternative for biological control, as well as the search for alternative therapeutic substances leads to an increase in the exploration of biodiversity in order to r
Avaliação do Risco Ambiental de Resíduos Gerados pela Suinocultura em Modelos vegetais e ao Ambiente, Por Meio de Análises Toxicogenéticas, Biomarcadores Bioquímicos, Crescimento E trocas Gasosas.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-12-01) Aragão, Francielen Barroso; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5203-3451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3903095316698835; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-492X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; Silva, Diolina Moura; https://orcid.org/000000033885280X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0341541450627705; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-4342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Vieira, Larissa Fonseca Andrade; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7947-7498; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8814776095228940; Duarte, Ian Drumond; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-8902; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4411512121889407
The inadequate management of residues from swine production can cause contamination of water courses, soil and air, representing a risk to the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental risk of the raw residue and effluent from the stabilization pond of swine biodigester, to evaluate the reuse of the effluent from the stabilization pond as a biofertilizer and the quality of water samples from the Santa Maria do Doce River, in the around the pig farm. The effluents from the swine biodigester (raw and stabilization pond waste) and river water samples were collected in the municipality of Santa Tereza-ES, Brazil. From these samples, chemical characterization and laboratory tests were carried out. Dilutions were carried out from the pure effluents (C1), and successive reductions were made in the amount of effluent, 50% (C2), 25% (C3), 12.5% (C4), 6.25% (C5), 3.12% (C6), 0.78% (C7) and 0.39% (C8). The river samples were collected in two campaigns (highest and lowest rainfall), in 3 sampling stations: upstream from the swine farm (EA1), close to the swine farm (EA2) and downstream from the swine farm (EA3). Seeds of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa were germinated in the treatments, and the following parameters were evaluated: germination, root growth, evaluation of toxicogenetic potential and analyzes of the activity of enzymes SOD, CAT, GST and quantification of GSH and LPO. Dilutions from the stabilization pond were used to evaluate the effluent as a biofertilizer in corn plants, through gas exchange and growth analyses. For this evaluation, two controls were used: a treatment containing only water and a treatment with commercial fertilizer. All data were submitted to ANOVA, followed by the Kruskal Wallis or Tukey mean test (p<0.05). The results demonstrate that the two effluents inhibited the germination of L. sativa and A. cepa, in addition to reducing root growth, and promoting higher frequencies of chromosomal alterations in the other concentrations. The observed damages are possibly related to the heavy metals found in the studied samples. The river samples showed a reduction in the mitotic index in EA2 and EA3 (second campaign) in A. cepa compared to the negative control. And in both models, there was an increase in chromosomal alterations (EA2 and EA3). The damages observed are possibly related to the excess of aluminum found in the samples, human activity in the surroundings of the river, the dumping of effluents from pig farming and domestic sewage. The maize plants submitted to treatments with effluents, when compared to the water control, showed a significant increase in biomass, but higher effluent concentrations prevented seed germination. Possibly the excess of K and Na may have caused water stress in the seeds, preventing germination and development of plants, in which the dilution of the effluent reduced the effects of excess K and Na and, consequently, reduced the availability of other essential nutrients for the corn plants.
AVALIAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE GENÓTIPOS DE BANANEIRA DOS SUBGRUPOS GROS-MICHEL, CAVENDISH E TERRA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-09) Cardoso, Gildevan Viana; Ventura, Jose Aires; https://orcid.org/0000000314221739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8687116881326074; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005727951505420; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; Costa, Helcio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Caetano, Luiz Carlos
Banana has great socioeconomic importance for Brazil and Espírito Santo, but it is susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study evaluated the agronomic performance and response to water deficit of two accessions, `Ambrosia` (AAAA, Gros Michel su
Bidens pilosa L.: análises da composição química e atividades biológicas de diferentes populações e condições de cultivo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-06-22) Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Ventura , José Aires; Paula, Flávia de; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah
The use of plants for medicinal purposes, for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases, is one of the oldest forms of medicinal practice of mankind. Bidens pilosa L., Asteraceae, popularly called "picão-preto", is a plant traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis, cancer, diabetes, among other disorders. It is a plant of therapeutic interest because it is rich in chemical compounds associated with human health. However, chemical compounds can vary, qualitatively and quantitatively, according to numerous factors that reflect on their biological activities. Among the main factors that contribute to the chemical variation of plant extracts is the genetic variability, environmental factors and the extraction process, such as the use of solvents with different polarity, for example. Thus, the present study aimed to: a) evaluate the variability of the hydroalcoholic extract and five fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous), from four populations of B. pilosa (Afonso Claudio, Barra de São Francisco, Cariacica and Muniz Freire), using genetic markers (RAPD), phytochemical analyzes (phytochemical prospecting, ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and total content of flavonoids, tannins and phenolics), analyzes of antioxidant activity in vitro (by DPPH? , ABTS?+ ,, chelating activity on Fe+2 and ß-carotene/linoleic acid assays), and in vivo analyzes to evaluate cytotoxicity, anti-cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity (by micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow). b) evaluate the variability of hydroalcoholic extract of plants submitted to three growth conditions (organic and inorganic fertilizers and the control) and in different phenological stages (vegetative and flowering), through phytochemical, antioxidant and in vivo analyzes (mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of plants in the flowering stage) and growth. The phytochemical analyzes revealed a significant quantitative and qualitative difference between the samples tested, which reflected in variability in their biological activities (antioxidant, t-test, P<0.5). The results suggest that environmental factors were determinant as compared to genetic factors. In vivo assays demonstrated that the plant did not induce cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in all experimental conditions (Tukey, P <0.5) and was able to protect DNA from damage induced by cyclophosphamide in the anti-cytotoxicity and antimutagenicity assays.
"Características morfológicas de frutos, acúmulos de reservas em sementes e aclimatação fotossintética de populações de Myrsine coriacea (PRIMULACEA) ao longo de um gradiente de altitude".
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-09-01) Moreira, Vinicius Ferreira; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000000283660738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016; Souza, Leandro Torres de; Werner, Elias Terra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927
abstract
Caracterização da variabilidade genética de Euterpe Edulis (Arecaceae) do Espírito Santo para a produção de frutos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-20) Pereira, Pedro Mazzocco; Ventura, José Aires; Ferreira, Adésio; Batittuci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava
The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic variability and to select genotypes of the juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius) promising for the production of fruits for pulp. A total of 10,200 fruits were collected and 102 plants were sampled in nine populations in the North, Northeast and Center Mountainous Regions of the State of Espírito Santo. In all, twelve descriptors related to pulp production were used and the descriptive variance components were estimated by the maximum likelihood restricted method and the prediction of the phenotypic and genotypic values by the best non-biased linear prediction using Selegen-REML / BLUP. By means of predicted genotypic values and the use of seven microsatellite loci, it was possible to characterize the genetic variability of the juçara palm among genotypes and populations. Moderate levels of differentiation were found among populations and populations showed high intrapopulational and low interpopulational genetic diversity. The values found for the FST pairs show that the SL population does not have gene flow with the other populations and that geographically distant populations are not always genetically distant populations. The agglomerative methods used in this study from the predicted genetic values were concordant and identified in the populations three distinct groups, the SL population being the most isolated from the others. The analysis of the trail using twelve descriptors showed that to select genotypes with high yield of pulp (main variable), one should select: lower seed mass (DM), lower mass of one hundred seeds (MCS) and larger equatorial diameter of the fruit (DEF). With the selection index Mulamba and Monkey, it was possible to select 20 more promising genotypes for the production of pulp and the possible genotypes to be used in future crosses in the breeding programs of the juçara palm tree in Brazil. The results of this research have an important contribution with genetic information that help in the forest management, the conservation of the species and in breeding programs with a view to the sustainable exploitation of the fruits of the juçara palm for the production of pulp.
Caracterização fisiológica, fitoquímica e de atividades biológicas de plantas medicinais com potencial econômico para produção de fitoterápicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-25) Dutra, Jean Carlos Vencioneck; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Werner, Elias Terra; França Hildegardo Seibert; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; Kuster, Ricardo Machado
Plants of the Cactaceae and Lamiaceae Family are used by the population as food and in traditional medicine to treat or prevent diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of plant extracts of one plant of the Cactaceae Family and seven plants of the Lamiaceae Family, relating the results obtained to the phenological aspects or variations between species. The fruit and cladodes of Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) were collected at vegetative and fruiting stage and the total aerial part of Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, Plecthanthus amboinicus, Plectranthus amboinicus "variegata" and Plectranthus ornatus (Lamiaceae) were collected for the production of hydroalcoholic extracts. Extracts were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical tests; the total content of flavonoids and rosmarinic acid were determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques, respectively; the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, Fe2+ ion chelation activity and the ßcarotene/linoleic acid system; cytotoxicity and anti-cytotoxicity against cisplatin in human lymphocytes and antiproliferative effects on sarcoma cells 180 in vitro by the MTT assay; and antitumor activity and evaluation of mutagenicity in vivo. The fruit and cladodes of C. jamacaru were effective in promoting anticancer activity in vitro, and cladodes were able to inhibit cytotoxic damage induced by cisplatin in vitro and induced significant tumor reduction in sarcoma-induced rodents in vivo. Investigation on leaf variegation in Plecthanthus amboinicus showed that the variegation, in addition to morphological changes, leads to changes in the chemical composition and biological activity exhibited by this plant, leading to an increase in total flavonoid and rosmarinic acid content, as well as increased in vitro anticancer effects of Plectranthus amboinicus "variegata". The comparison between the other plants of the Lamiaceae Family studied suggests that rosmarinic acid biosynthesis occurs in detriment of flavonoid synthesis, and also suggests that Melissa officinalis and Mentha piperita, plant species with higher rosmarinic acid contente in this study, are more promising as natural antioxidants used to prevent cytotoxic damage and as anticancer agents. These results reinforce the use of these plants as much as food as in traditional medicine and provide information relevant to the development of new drugs.
Caracterização fitoquímica e das atividades biológicas dos frutos de doze genótipos de Musa sp.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-09-29) Gervásio, Suiany Vitorino; Batitucci, Maria Do Carmo Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3594-2922; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5082262935274324; Aquije, Gloria Maria de Farias Viegas; Sampaio, Flavia Duarte Ferraz; Ventura, José Aires; https://orcid.org/0000000314221739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8687116881326074; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000289615348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4149814906786366
The genus Musa, widely consumed worldwide and a crucial source of income for many countries, is gaining increasing prominence due to the recognition of its biological activities and potential applications as a functional food and raw material in the pharmaceutical industry. This study involved the chemical characterization and description of biological activities of the genotypes Vitória’, ‘Ouro da Mata’, ‘Engana Menino’, ‘Pacovan’, ‘Fhia Monalisa’, ‘Prata Catarina’, ‘Prata Zulu’, ‘Figo Verde’, ‘Nanica Alfredo Chaves’, ‘Maranhão’, ‘Tropical’ e ‘Yangambi’. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the peels and pulps of these fruits were produced by maceration and were evaluated for their levels of flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, as well as antioxidant activity using methods such as ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and Fe2+ chelating. Additionally, antiproliferative activity was examined in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 lineage) under different exposure periods and in combination with cisplatin. The results highlight the significant influence of tannins on the evaluated biological activities, with notable antioxidant activity in the Fe2+ chelating method. Furthermore, mass spectrometry identified the presence of various molecules, such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, stearic acid, quinic acid, citric acid, and others. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the results were promising, and the exposure period played a crucial role in this action, with a high capacity to eliminate cancer cells after 72 hours for the peels and pulps extracts of all genotypes. As for the combination of extracts with cisplatin, the results also showed promise for some genotypes, especially when administered simultaneously. However, for other genotypes, the action of the extract and cisplatin was antagonistic, requiring further in-depth studies. In summary, this study highlights the potential of these banana genotypes as beneficial foods for health and as adjuvants in cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of phenolic compounds in these functional foods.
Caracterização fotossintética de três espécies arbóreas da Mata Atlântica submetidas a diferentes intensidades lumínicas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-08-07) Gomes, Marcos Thiago Gaudio; DaMatta, Fábio Murilo; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Silva, Diolina Moura; Morais, Leandro Elias; Silva, Mariela Mattos da
The regulation of the photosynthetic process is modified according to the available light and has a direct effect on the plant's ability to live in a given habitat. Three tree species of the Atlantic Forest were evaluated while submitted to three irradiance intensities in order to investigate the effects of light radiation on the photosynthetic behavior and on the slenderness index (SI). The plants were cultivated during seven months at 20, 50 and 100% of the solar radiation. The species used, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. and Joannesia princeps Vell, classified as pioneers, and Lecythis pisonis Camb, as secondary, are widely used in environmental recovery programs. It was tested the hypothesis that the three species would present different ecophysiological behaviors in response to light availability. Irrespective of the light regimens, S. terebinthifolius displayed the highest values of net photosynthesis rates on a per mass or area basis, followed by J. princeps. L. pisonis which presented the lowest values of this parameter. S.terebinthifolius also showed higher light saturation point and higher stomatal conductance in the three imposed 10 irradiances. S. terebinthifolius and J. princeps exhibited increased SI value at reduced light availability. However, this value was higher for S. terebinthifolius, with values higher than 50% in plants under full sun compared to those under 20% of light showing a morphological adjustment to the irradiance difference. L. pisonis showed no changes in this parameter by light variations. This species presented more negative values of ?W throughout the day and between the light regimes when compared to the other two species, demonstrating a lower hydraulic conductivity. The results confirmed the hypothesis, insofar it was observed greater acclimatization capacity of S. terebinthifolius to the three light treatments imposed. J. princeps showed an intermediate behavior among the studied species, presenting average values in almost all the parameters analyzed during the experiment. In turn, L.pisonis, exhibited a low acclimatization capacity at high irradiance. These results instigated the development of a second work to evaluate the physiological and biochemical characteristics that could influence the ability of S. terebinthifolius to occupy several territories around the planet as an invasive exotic species, whereas J. princeps, even being a species of Atlantic Forest, pioneer, as S. terebinthifolius does not present records of invasion in other ecosystems. S. terebinthifolius showed higher photosynthetic efficiency when submitted to the three levels of irradiance. This same species demonstrated a greater hydraulic conductivity as deduced from the smaller oscillation of the water potential registered during the day under the imposed treatments. J. princeps exhibited a greater investment in energy dissipation mechanisms to avoid possible damages to the photosynthetic apparatus. S. terebinthifolius showed to be more effective in light capture efficiency, as evidenced by the its higher values of carbon isotopic composition, photochemical quenching and specific leaf area. The results show that although the two species studied belong to the same state of ecological succession, S. terebinthifolius presented a greater plasticity in response to the imposed treatments. In addition, the data recorded partly explains the invasive potential of this species along the continents.
Caracterização genética, fitoquímica e das atividades biológicas de diferentes populações naturais de Varronia Curassavica Jacq. e Momordica Charantia L. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Mota, Mainã Mantovanelli da; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; Soares,Taís Cristina Bastos; Ventura, José Aires; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie
The medicinal plants have been used for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases for several thousands of years. Varronia curassavica and Momordica charantia are widely exploited plant species for therapeutic purposes. Varronia curassavica Jacq. popularly known as “erva-baleeira”, belongs to the family Cordiaceae and is traditionally used to treat inflammation, in addition it is described by present antibacterial, antifungal, anti-allergic, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. Already the Momordica charantia L. is a species herbaceous belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon and in tradicional medicine, it is used for the treatment of diabetes, colics, cancer, among other disorders. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the secondary metabolites present in the plant. However, genetics and environmental factors, such as soil composition, temperature, rainfall and ultraviolet radiation incidence can affect the concentrations of these chemical components that reflect on their biological activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluated the environmental and genetic factors influence on the production of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of populations from different regions of Espírito Santo/Brazil of V. curassavica and M. charantia. The results obtained from the analyzes using ISSR molecular markers showed that both V. curassavica and M. charantia species showed a significant similarity between the analyzed populations, probably due to the fact these species possess variety of pollinators insect and seed dispersal animals which facilitated the gene flow. The phytochemical analyzes of V. curassavica revealed a significant quantitative difference between the samples tested, which reflected in variability in their biological antioxidant and antitumoral activities. Results strongly suggest that these variations were caused by environmental rather than genetic factors. The analyzes with the species M. charantia showed there is not a very large variation among the populations related as to their chemical content and biological activity, suggesting that for this plant the geographic location is not determinant for the quantitative and qualitative variation of phenolic compounds. The extract of both species showed a higher selective cytotoxicity in vitro against sarcoma 180, demonstrating that V. curassavica and M. charantia presents therapeutic potential for the development of new drugs. This work are important to help in elucidation optimal conditions for ethnopharmacological use of these medicinal plants.
Caracterização molecular e bioquímica da adaptação de uma variedade comercial de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ao sistema de produção da agricultura natural
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-05-26) Tavares, Nelson Salgado; Benedito, Vagner Augusto; Ventura, José Aires; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Costa, Helcio; Araújo, João Batista Silva
This study addressed the adaptation and production of tomato plants grown with and without organic fertilizers in crops of the commercial variety “Especial para Salada”, whose seeds were produced by Topseed® (T0) and selected using the techniques of nature farming in 15 consecutive plantings (T15). Comparisons were made between T15 and T0 in the non-irrigated planting systems nature farming without fertilizer (NF) and organic agriculture with organic fertilizer (OF) and without the use of pesticides. Cultivation was carried out at West Virginia University Organic Agriculture Farm - WVUOAF (USA) divided into two treatments: nonfertilized (NF-T15, NF-T0); and two fertilized with organic compost (OF-T0 and OF-T15). In the experimental design of randomized blocks with five replicates and five plants per replicate, the production and the molecular characteristics of the plants were determined. For the biochemical studies, planting with the same treatments was performed in the municipality of Marechal Floriano, ES, Brazil. The non-fertilized plants NF-T15 and NF-T0 showed the best yields with the lowest losses of fruits damaged by diseases and pests. The NF-T15 tomato plants showed more efficient defenses despite having the lowest lignin contents (6%) in the fruits, and fewer flavonoids in the leaves. The fertilized tomato plants OF-T0 and OF-T15 had more lignin in the fruits and more flavonoids in the leaves, but they had the highest yield losses. The results of gene activity of T15 and T0 grown without nitrate showed that T0 tomatoes had the same levels of expression as the T15 plants in five of the six genes studied in the roots, which shows that T0 adapted to the absence of inorganic nitrogen. Regardless of the medium with or without nitrate, the NRT1 gene activities in the leaves were the highest in T0 and the lowest in T15. This result can be related to the susceptibility of the fertilized plants and the defenses of the non-fertilized plants. The NF-T15 tomatoes produced 29 t/ha, and the NF-T0 under the same conditions yielded 38 t/ha. The results showed that T0 achieved fast adaptation in this first crop without fertilizers and that T15 cultivated for many years without fertilizers showed more efficient resistance in the non-fertilized tomato plants. The organic fertilizer contributed to lower gene activity associated to the defense in the fertilized plants. For this reason, fertilization was harmful to the productivity of tomato plants grown in the organic planting system.
Caracterização morfofisiológica e bioquímica de três morfotipos de Paubrasilia echinata Lam. em resposta à luz
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-03) Gama, Vinícius Novo; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; DaMatta, Fábio Murilo; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; Mielke, Marcelo Schramm
The contradictory reports about the functional Responses of brazilwood (Paubrasilia echinata Lam.) in different light conditions, may be relation with genetic variations, which reflect on morphophysiological divergences among populations of this species. This fact makes it difficult to choose the variants of this species to propagation and maintenance of seedlings, as well as its ex situ reintroduction to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. With the purpose of provide precise information about the conservation and promotion of the most appropriate forest management with P. echinata, the study sought to characterize the morphophysiological and biochemical responses of three brazilwood morphotypes: small variant (SV), medium variant (MV) and large variant (LV) in relation to light. In a first work, growth, gas exchange, phenolic compound content, antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, APX, POD and PPO) and total auxin concentration of the three morphotypes were performed under 100% and 15% light. It was observed that secondary metabolism, antioxidative process, photosynthesis and growth parameters indicate LV and MV as morphological variations with tendencies for heliophilous plants. Differently from SV, which presented umbrophilous tendencies. These different responses of brazilwood morphotypes under high incidence of light, instigated the development of a second work, Which sought to evaluate the effects of supplementation of UV-B incident radiation on a heliophilous morphotype, MV, and umbrophilous, SV. For this, measurements of growth, photosynthesis, contents of UV absorption compounds, structural and non-structural carbohydrates, as well as quantification of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) contents were performed. The effect of UV-B was positive in MV, as it improved its photochemical efficiency and optimized its gas exchange and growth. The incidence of UV-B Provided acclimative responses in MV that presented with a high degree of tolerance to this radiation. This fact can be explained by the heliophilic behavior of this morphotype, with tolerance to environments with high UV irradiance prevalence. On the other hand, the incidence of radiation stimulated photoinhibitory effects in SV, which 11 presented lower growth, lower photosynthetic rate and high respiration. The increase of the hydrogen peroxide contents stimulated oxidative damages in SV visibly translated as foliar chlorotic areas that evolved to foliar necrosis and abscision. Based on floristics works reports already published about the natural incidence of the P. echinata morphotypes, it is observed that SV can be found in dense umbrophilous forests or high-shaded forest; while MV and LV can be found in regions with more open forest, with more clearings and greater irradiance. It is concluded that the differences between the three morphotypes of brazilwood in reference to the contrasting ligth and the exposure of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation presented in this study seem to reflect the prevailing conditions of their centers of origin. Thus, it is suggested the use of SV, with umbrophilous characteristics, for the recovery of the Atlantic forest dense areas, with prevalence in wet and coastal regions. In contrast, it is recommended the plantation of MV and LV in the Atlantic forest deciduous and semideciduous seasonal areas, with prevalence of clearings and high irradiances
Como As Mudanças Climáticas Poderão Afetar a Fotossíntese Líquida De espécies Arbóreas da Floresta Atlântica? Experimentos em Jardins Comum e Utilização da Espécie Myrsine Coriacea Como Modelo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-18) Pereira, Jessica Priscilla; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005727951505420; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000000283660738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; López, Nelson Facundo Rodríguez
abstract
Crescimento micelial de Fusarium Solani f. sp. piperis e respostas de cultivares de pimenta-do-reino (piper Nigrum L.) ao estresse abiótico e biótico: biometria, fotossíntese, resistência e avaliação de produtos alternativos de controle da fusariose
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-08-29) Pinheiro, Verônica D'Addazio; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Silva, Diolina Moura; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Sambugaro, Rosana
Brazil is the third largest black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) producer of the world and the Espírito Santo State is the first producer among the Brazilian states, with a production of 37 thousand tons of grain. Fusariosis, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, is considered the major diseases affecting black pepper, characterized by root rot and branch drying. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of black pepper cultivars (Kottanadan and Bragantina) to abiotic (water deficit) and biotic (Fusarium solani f. piperis) stress, in order to characterize the physiological behavior of the plants, the plantpathogen interaction and to evaluate the alternative products efficiency in controlling the fusariosis. Three experiments were performed: first - In vitro evaluation of mycelial growth of four isolates of F. solani f. sp. piperis, cultivated in different products, revealing that silicon and chitosan induced fungal growth, while phosphite inhibited 100%. It was observed a fungistatic and fungitoxic effect of the Carbendazim and the products were not dose dependent for the study conditions (Chapter 1). Second - carried out in greenhouse conditions, this experiment compared the physiological performance of two black pepper cultivars (Kottanadan and Bragantina) submitted to water deficit. At 12 days of water deficit, lower photochemical changes associated with 90% survival confer to Kottanadan black pepper cultivar increased tolerance to water deficit. Chronic photoinhibition observed in Bragantina cultivar sustains this result (Chapter 2). Third - carried out in plant nursery conditions, this experiment aimed to evaluate the epidemiological (Chapter 3), biometric (Chapter 4) and photosynthetic parameters (Chapter 5) of the pepper cultivars inoculated with F. solani f. sp. piperis as well as the effect of alternative products for controlling (silicon, phosphite and chitosan), applied preventively and curatively. Higher level of disease resistance was observed for Kottanadan pepper cultivar, considering a higher incubation period and lower rates of progression, infection index, and both incidence and severity of disease. In general, higher values of biometric parameters observed for Kottanadan show that this cultivar was less affected by the disease when compared to Bragantina cultivar. The negative correlation between biometric parameters and incidence and disease severity confirm these results. Independently of disease severity, plants inoculated with F. solani f. sp. piperis remained photosynthetically active after 180 days. However, the Kottanadan black pepper cultivar was more resistant to Fusarium, considering the higher values of the relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange parameters analyzed. In both pepper cultivars, in spite of the similarity observed between application times of the alternative products, plants supplemented with silicon, phosphite and chitosan showed better behavior compared to infected and non-supplemented plants. Phosphite and Silicon are more efficient for both suppressivity of fusariosis and resistance induction, considering the lower incidence and disease severity, the invariability of the plant biomass production as well as the majority of photosynthetic parameters for the Kottanadan black pepper cultivar.
Diversidade genética de populações de Bidens pilosa e Tithonia diversifolia no Espírito Santo e respostas do metabolismo primário e secundário sob diferentes condições de fertilização e irrigação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-22) Luz, Anny Carolyne da; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Werner, Elias Terra; Ventura, Jose Aires; Vargas, Sarah Maria; Gonçalves, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro
Bidens pilosa L. and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray are plants of the Asteraceae family with distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. They are plants used for various therapeutic purposes, mainly anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, hepratoprotective and prevention of cancer. The plants of this family present a complex chemical defense system, with derived secondary metabolites: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, serquiterpene lactones and polyacetylenes. These compounds have their production and accumulation modified in response to environmental, ontogenetic and also hereditary variations. Thus, it is important to control and standardize all phases involved in the production of phytopharmaceuticals, from the selection of the initial plant material, the conditions of cultivation, post-harvest management and extraction methods of the bioactive compounds to final product. The objectives of this study were to evaluate using RAPD molecular markers, the genetic diversity of different populations of B. pilosa and T. diversifolia. Also analyze how the management of the growth conditions can influence the growth, the photosynthetic parameters, the production of secondary metabolites, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these plants. B. pilosa presented low levels of similarity, indicating that the grouping found is not only related to the geographic proximity, but probably to the dispersion of seeds through of animals and the contamination of species cultivated with B. pilosa seeds, which facilitated the gene flow, enabling the population of distant sites to be grouped in a closer cluster due to their common origin. In the analyzes of T. diversifolia high levels of genetic diversity were found, not positively correlated with the proximity of geographic locations. Although it is often propagated by cuttings, T. diversifolia reproduces sexually, with a large number of seeds and presents an abundant variety of pollinators insects, characteristics that contribute to a greater variability genetic. Regarding the management of the cultivation conditions, in general, the fertilizer applications increased the photosynthesis and the total dry mass for the two species studied. However, the plants that did not receive fertilization had the highest levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity, a result related to the lower availability of nitrogen to no fertilized plants. These results indicate that there is an increase in the production of secondary metabolites when liquid photosynthesis decreases, resulting from the positive regulation of the shikimic acid in the pentose phosphate pathway. The species did not show cytotoxic activity in human lymphocytes while decreasing cell viability in sarcoma 180. It is important to standardize the management practices in Asteraceae cultivation in order to achieve high levels of phenolic compounds and biomass, linking the increasing of biological activity efficiency with increased productivity.

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