Euterpe edulis: seleção genômica ampla e sistema de produção de frutos
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Data
2023-02-15
Autores
Canal, Guilherme Bravim
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Euterpe edulis, popularly known as juçaizeiro, has stood out as a species with economic potential for fruit production in the açai sector. Since 2000, the juçaizeiro agricultural sector has shown strong growth in cultivation area, been Euterpe oleracea (açaizeiro) the main representative of the cultivation, which economic relevance was recognized in 2008. The fruits of the açaizeiro look like those of other species in its genus, including the juçaizeiro, whose processing has been well accepted by pulp industries and the consumer market. The proximity between the processed products of these two species is a potential factor for the success of the juçaizeiro as a cultivation, considering the consolidated market of the açaí fruit. However, factors such as the species’s ability to sustain the production chain, high quality of the processed pulp fruit, and potential for cultivation in agro-climatic zones where the açaí tree has no aptitude, may make juçaizeiro cultivation surpass that of the açaizeiro. However, genetic improvement is essential for juçaizeiro to gain greater acceptance among producers, as it allows for the development of superior genetic materials, making the culture more attractive and reliable. Once the species is perennial and found in the wild, common breeding techniques such as phenotypic selections may not provide satisfactory results in the required period. Therefore, this study proposes the use of innovative techniques to optimize the breeding program, combining phenotypic and genotypic information from high-density genome coverage using SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) molecular markers to select the best genotypes with greater accuracy through genomic selection. Data files were constructed from the genotypes present in the breeding population in Rio Novo do Sul City, Espírito Santo, Brazil, which phenotypic evaluations were conducted from 2018 up to 2022. The novel methodologies and techniques used in this study for genetic improvement of juçaizeiro include genomic prediction, multi-trait models, models with additive and non-additive effects, models that combine genomic and pedigree information, as well as proposals for selective techniques focused on effective population size and plantations that reduce the chance of related crosses. The results obtained indicate that genomic selection can be successfully used to improve the characteristics of interest. This technique allowed for the selection of superior genotypes with phenotypic expressions that exceed 2.5 times the productive average of fruits in the general population, clarify the genetic control architecture of agronomic traits of interest in greater detail, as well as proposing a method that preserves the genetic variability of the population. In addition to the results mentioned above, this study provides recommendations and information in the form of a didactic manual to assist in the implementation of juçaizeiro orchards, with the objective of making the cultivation techniques of the culture more widespread, enriching the knowledge of agricultural technicians and producers to facilitate and promote interest in the implementation of new commercial orchards of the species.
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Palavras-chave
G-BLUP , Palmito juçara , Melhoramento genético , Seleção genômica , Predição genômica