Eficiência e viabilidade econômica de diferentes métodos de controle no manejo de fitonematoides na cultura da goiabeira
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Garcia, Isadora Rodrigues
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The guava culture has great potential for expansion in the national and international market, however, the occurrence of phytonetomatodes in the culture has limited its production and made cultivation areas unfeasible. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and economic viability of chemical and biological nematicides in the management of phytonematodes in guava culture. The experiment was conducted in two commercial guava orchards, cultivar Paluma, in the municipality of Afonso Claudio, in the state of Espírito Santo. A randomized block design with eight (8) treatments and four (4) repetitions was used. Crop management was the same used by rural producers, except for the use of chemical pesticides and biological control agents. The treatments were: (1) control (use of water only) - Negative Control (CTRL), (2) Trichoderma harzianum (TRI) (Trichodermil®; Koppert Biological Systems, Brazil), (3) Ascophyllum nodosum + potassium hydroxide (EG) (ExpertGrow®; ADAMA Agricultural Solutions, Brazil); (4) Fluensulfone (NI) (Nimitz ®; ADAMA, Agricultural Solutions, Brazil), (5) TRI + EG, (6) NI + TRI, (7) NI + EG, (8) NI + TRI + EG. Each repetition was composed of an experimental unit with four lines, and each line was composed of three plants. The products were applied via a drench, after cleaning the mulch over the soil, in the application range, being applied to the soil surface in bands of 100 cm wide in the direction of the line. How the notes were executed every thirty days, being: 0 days after the first application (0 DAA1), 30 DAA1, 60 DAA1, 90 DAA1 and 0 days after the second application (0 DAA2), 30 DAA2, 60 DAA2 and 90 DAA2. In each evaluation, samples of roots and soil from a repeated application, plant vigor, and recovery were collected according to the management of the producer. As amounts of roots and soil were processed in the laboratory, and subsequently, the population of phytonematodes was quantified with the aid of a Peters counting chamber. Relative Efficiency (ER) and the economic viability of the use of nematicides in the management of phytonematodes in guava culture were performed. The meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation) were correlated with the population intensity of phytomatomatoids using Pearson's correlation. The association of the occurrence of phytonmatoids with Fusarium sp. in the roots and soil samples, and the sensitivity of the fungus to the nematicide Fluensulfone. The meteorological variables were favorable to the development of pathogens during most of the evaluation period, with temperatures between 15 and 32 ° C, however, there was a poor distribution of precipitation, resulting in periods of drought. The use of the synthetic chemical nematicide Nimitz®, alone or in combination with the biological nematicide Trichodermil® and/or with the ExpertGrow® fertilizer, was efficient in the control of M. enterolobii and Rotylenchulus sp.. There was a significant increase in the vigor of the plants in the treatments in the treatments TRI, EG, NI, TRI + EG, NI + EG, NI + TRI and NI + TRI + EG, at 60 (60DAA1) and 90 (90DAA1) days after the first application of treatments, on property 1, and 30 days after the first application of treatments (30 DAA1), on property 2. Greater productivity gains were obtained with the use of the ExpertGrow® fertilizer, alone or in combination with the synthetic chemical nematicide Nimitz® and/or biological nematicide Trichodermil®. There was an association between Fusarium sp. and Meloidogyne enterolobii. However, this association has not been observed with Rotylenchulus sp.. The nematicide Fluensulfone (480 g.L-1), inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp. in Petri dishes with BDA medium containing the nematicide at a dose of 2.0 L.ha-1. The application of chemical and biological nematicides evaluated in the present study showed economic viability for the control of M. enterolobii and Rotylenchulus sp. in the field.
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Palavras-chave
Psidium guajava , Fluensulfone , Trichoderma harzianum