Ciganos na mídia jornalística brasileira: uma análise a partir da perspectiva psicossocial da memória
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Data
2023-09-30
Autores
Cardoso, Grecy Kelle de Andrade
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The present thesis mainly aims to investigate the historical documentary memory about the social object 'Roma people', based on the analysis of journalistic pieces published in a reference Brazilian media, taking as a time frame the period between the year of promulgation of the Brazilian Federal Constitution (1988) and the year 2022. The theoretical support used was the conceptual field of the psychosocial perspective of Social Memory. To this end, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out, using a documentary approach through textual and iconic analysis of the content published in journalistic pieces by Jornal O Globo, considering 35 years of reference. The research was carried out in three complementary phases, with the same data source, but differentiated in terms of specific objectives and data processing and analysis methods, namely: 1). Phase 1, refers to the analysis of the textual content about the social object ‘Roma people’ in general. In this phase, 8752 journalistic pieces were used, which were analyzed using Category-thematic Content Analysis; 2). In phase 2, the aim was to identify the network of meanings associated with the term “Roma people”, through the analysis of textual production on the uses of this word in contexts that did not refer to Roma individuals and peoples. In order to analyze the data in this second phase, lexical analysis was carried out using Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC) and Correspondence Factorial Analysis (CFA), processed using the IRAMUTEQ software, in a data corpus composed of 7691 journalistic pieces; and 3). In phase 3, in turn, the objective was to analyze journalistic pieces that specifically focused on Roma individuals and peoples, considering both the textual content of 1061 journalistic pieces and the iconic content of 80 images presented in the publications. In the third phase, lexical analysis was carried out using DHC and content analysis of the textual corpus, as well as Semiotic Analysis of the images in the corpus formed by the images. In addition to the adjectives used to characterize Roma people, the results found in the first phase 12 allowed us to identify eight main themes, namely: anti-gypsyism (anti-Roma) and violence; places marked by the presence of Roma people; political dimension; Roma people and ethnicities; the word ‘gypsy’ (Roma); mystical and religious practices; products and services provided; and artistic productions and commemorative events. In the second phase, the results demonstrated the presence of stereotypical content associated with the term ‘gypsies’, which especially highlighted the mystical and artistic dimensions related to this term. In the third phase, the results indicated differences between Roma in the international and national context, as well as discriminatory practices, anti-Roma and violence of different kinds, in addition to nomadism, mysticism, traditions and the artistic legacy associated to them. From the integrated analysis of the results, it was possible to discuss the different stereotypes directed at Roma people by the journalistic media and reflect on the effects of the processes of social invisibility experienced by the Roma ethnic minority, which is still under the shadow of prejudice and social discrimination, in Brazil and around the world. Carrying out this study also allowed us to reflect on the dynamics of dispute between the memorable and the forgotten, as a power game, present in the process of constructing a version of historical memory about the Roma people.
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Ciganos , Memória social , Memória histórica documental , Mídia jornalística