Diferenças entre as escalas regional e local na aplicação da abordagem multicritério da vulnerabilidade costeira: estudo de caso no litoral sul do Espírito Santo
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Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Filgueiras, Gilberto Daniel Lima
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In the last few decades, issues related to coastal vulnerability have been important along the coasts of around the world, due to climate issues, rising sea levels and urban expansion over these regions. It is necessary to understand the degree of coastal vulnerability and the factors involved, in order to avoid socioeconomic and environmental losses. The present study analyzed, through the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI), how coastal vulnerability is altered with the change of geomorphological characteristics along the coast of the cities of Marataízes and Presidente Kennedy, south coast of the state of Espírito Santo. This assessment was carried out based on regional and local surveys for Praia Central in Marataízes. Coastal geomorphology, digital elevation model, rates of coastal mobility and 20m isobath distance, which reflect the degree of exposure to waves, were obtained through remote sensing data. Maximum Run-up, height of the receiving barrier, coastal mobility rate and distance from coastal urbanization were obtained through field surveys. The spatialization of data and their integration through the CVI was accomplished through the use of GIS. The results show that in 49% of the 44km of the studied coastline, the vulnerability is moderate to very high, with emphasis on the coastal regions with the presence of cliffs and extensive coastal plains. The comparison of results by perspectives of scale and method, the differences in scale in the results of the surveys, and the coastal vulnerability of the south coast of Espírito Santo are discussed. It is concluded that both surveys, regional and local, proved to be effective in determining coastal vulnerability. The best option may be a combination of a regional survey, subsidizing a local survey. As for management, immediate solutions are more used to deal with climatic and / or environmental issues, and tend to be less efficient.
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Mudanças climáticas , Risco costeiro , Índice de vulnerabilidade costeira