Drone como ferramenta de observação da toninha (Pontoporia blainvillei)
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Data
2024-12-17
Autores
Barreto, Jonathas da Silva
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In this study, we analyzed the vulnerability of the franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) in the northernmost population of its range (Franciscana Management Area Ia), which is geographically and genetically isolated. We developed techniques using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, as the primary tool for systematic monitoring over five years, in a context of environmental degradation exacerbated by the Fundão dam collapse in 2015, which released over 50 million cubic meters of tailings into the Doce River. We combined behavioral analyses, habitat use patterns, and spatial distribution, revealing a social structure characterized by small, highly related groups (approximately three individuals). We collected data on dive times and surface intervals, refining detectability estimates, while Kernel density analyses identified high-use areas south of the Doce River mouth. This region, where individual concentrations increase during summer, was highlighted as a critical habitat for feeding and calf rearing. Population abundance estimates ranged from 1,001 to 1,587 individuals, facing significant anthropogenic threats such as bycatch and habitat loss. Through this study, we emphasize the urgent need for conservation actions, including the establishment of protected areas in the regions with the highest frequency of franciscana use and the implementation of seasonal fishing restrictions to mitigate impacts and promote the survival of this critically endangered population.
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Abundância populaciona , Densidade de Kernel , Estrutura social , Rompimento da barragem de Fundão , Risco de extinção , Uso de habitat , Veículos Aéreos Não-Tripulados (VANTs) , Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) , Fundão dam collapse , Habitat use patterns , Social structure , Kernel density , Population abundance , Extinction risk.