Da física da luz à modelagem estelar: uma análise dos processos físicos e das equações de estrutura estelar

Abstract

This work addresses fundamental aspects of modern astrophysics, focusing on three main areas: the theory of radiation, the equations of stellar structure, and stellar modeling. The first part discusses the interaction between light and matter, highlighting the formulation of Planck’s Law, as well as the applications of photometry and spectroscopy in determining stellar parameters. In the second part, the fundamental equations governing stellar structure, derived from fluid mechanics, are presented, along with their relation to hydrostatic equilibrium and energy transport. The final part addresses stellar modeling, introducing the Lane-Emden equation and its modifications in the relativistic context and in modified gravity theories, with an emphasis on the beyond-Horndeski theory. These theories aim to expand the frontier of knowledge in astrophysics and cosmology, seeking to eliminate the need for "bizarre" components in the universe.