Estratégias de aplicação de glifosato em espécies de coffea: efeitos na expressão gênica e na composição química dos grãos
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Data
2024-03-04
Autores
Oliveira, Conceição de Maria Batista de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In the reproductive phenological phases, coffee fruits become strong drains, as a consequence the mobility of glyphosate is increased and may result in an increase in the residue content in the beans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of glyphosate application strategies on reducing residues in coffee grains. To this end, gene expression analyzes were carried out, quantification of glyphosate levels and the major chemical compounds in Coffea spp. fruits. The experiments were set up in a design randomized blocks with six treatments and one control, with three replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of the following glyphosate application strategies: application months (October and December OD; October and February OF; and October, December and February ODF) and spray nozzles (fan BL and full cone BC), containing the following configurations: Trat-1=OD+BL; Trat-2=OF+BL; Trat-3=ODF+BL; Trat-4= OD+BC; Trat-5OF+BC; Trat-6 = ODF + BC; and control = mowed pattem. The experiments were conducted by INCAPER (Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural) on two properties, C. arabica of the Catuai red variety IAC 144 and C. canephora clone Al, cultivar diamante ES8112. Gene expression analyzes were performed via RT-qPCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and physicochemical analyzes via HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). The expressions of the EPSPS 2 (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase), CS2 (Chorismate synthase) and CTgS1 (Trigonelin synthase) genes in ripe fruits of Coffea spp. showed a positive correlation with increased concentrations of residue levels in coffee beans, this result is possible due to the herbicide application strategy, the longer the interval between applications and fruit harvesting, the lower the residue content in the fruits, these Results were observed in treatments in which the last application was in December, during the fruit development phase. The application strategies with the greatest potential for maintaining the glyphosate content below 0.1 mg kg¹, the maximum residue limit (MRL) established by more stringent countries, were those containing combinations with OD.
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RT-qPCR , HPLC , Corismato sintase , Ácidos clorogênicos