Avaliação de genótipos de aceroleira para o sul do estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2025-07-30
Autores
Ramos, Isabela Bolari
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) is a tropical fruit tree widely cultivated in Brazil, notable for the extremely high vitamin C content of its fruits. Despite the growth of the crop and the establishment of regional hubs, such as Espírito Santo, studies evaluating the agronomic and functional performance of genotypes in relation to local soil and climate conditions are scarce. Therefore, this dissertation aimed to evaluate the behavior of different acerola genotypes regarding vegetative growth, productivity, and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, with a view to identifying adapted materials with potential for fresh consumption and industrial processing in the conditions of the southern region of Espírito Santo. In the first chapter, vegetative growth rates were estimated using nonlinear regression models. The logistic model proved most efficient in describing the sigmoidal growth pattern of the species. The genotypes "BRS Apodi" and "Uel03" stood out, indicating greater vegetative height, while "BRS Sertaneja," "Junko," and "Monami" showed faster growth. The second chapter evaluated productivity over seven months of harvest using mixed REML/BLUP models, which allowed for the prediction of individual, monthly, and cumulative genetic values of the cultivars. The genotypes "Uel03," "Prog 052," "Junko," and "BRS Apodi" presented the highest predicted genetic values and yield estimates per hectare, surpassing traditional cultivars such as "BRS Sertaneja" and "Okinawa." The third chapter analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits over seven evaluation cycles, including diameter, pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, the ratio of total soluble solids to total titratable acidity (ratio), and vitamin C. The genotypes "BRS Jaburu" and "Uel03" presented higher pH, lower titratable acidity, and a high ratio, ideal for fresh consumption. On the other hand, "Junko," "Okinawa," and "BRS Sertaneja" presented higher acidity and high vitamin C levels, constituting alternatives for industrial purposes. Thus, it is concluded that there is broad genetic diversity among the genotypes evaluated, with promising materials for both fresh consumption and the processing industry. The results obtained guide regional commercial and production recommendations, in addition to reaffirming the importance of genetics as a tool for the agronomic and functional valorization of the acerola tree
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Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC. , Crescimento vegetativo , Produção , Características físico-químicas , Melhoramento genético , Vegetative growth , Production , Physicochemical characteristics , Genetic improvement