Economia e estrutura ocupacional do Espírito Santo (2012–2024) : dependência externa e precariedade laboral
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Data
2025-12-08
Autores
Barbosa, Otavio Luis
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This dissertation analyzes the relationship between economic dynamics and the occupational structure of Espírito Santo between 2012 and 2024, discussing how Brazil’s subordinate insertion into the world economy and, within it, the position of Espírito Santo shape labor precarization. The analysis seeks to answer the following research question: what occupational structure has the Espírito Santo economy, oriented by external dynamics, been able to produce between 2012 and 2024? The study adopts a historical-structural approach that articulates the transformations of contemporary capitalism, financialization and neoliberalism with Brazil’s pattern of dependent development and the specific trajectory of Espírito Santo’s economy throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Methodologically, it is an empirical study of a quantitative and descriptive-analytical nature, based on the construction of social indicators using microdata from the Continuous PNAD (National Household Sample Survey) and the Annual Social Information Report, operationalized through the R and SQL programming languages. The results show that the occupational structure of Espírito Santo is organized around the centrality of informal work, which comes to dictate the dynamics of entry and re entry into the labor market over the period analyzed. In the formal segment, there is an advance of the agenda of flexibilization of labor relations, with the growth of fixed-term, part-time and intermittent contracts. In addition, the persistence of an earnings gap between formal and informal workers and the narrowing of the advantages associated with higher levels of schooling are highlighted. At the same time, Espírito Santo’s economy remains highly dependent on activities geared towards the external market, reproducing a pro-cyclical trajectory in relation to the movements of international capital and marked by strong macroeconomic volatility, with direct impacts on the level and composition of employment. It is concluded that the occupational structure produced by the Espírito Santo economy in the period reinforced and deepened historical weaknesses of the labor market, especially informality and low wages, indicating that precarization is not a conjunctural effect of specific crises, but a constitutive dimension of Brazil’s dependent pattern of development that shapes Espírito Santo’s insertion into contemporary capitalism.
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Mercado de trabalho , Espírito Santo , Dependência externa subordinada , Estrutura Ocupacional , Precarização do trabalho , Labor market , Subordinate external dependence , Occupational structure , Precarization of work