O gás natural como fonte geradora na diversificação da matriz elétrica brasileira
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Data
2023-04-05
Autores
Barcelos, Mariana Vieira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Energy consumption in the world has been growing annually, which requires an increase in the standard of production and distribution of available energy sources. One of the main energy consumption is linked to the electricity sector, based mainly on fossil fuels such as oil and coal. In Brazil, more than 60% of electricity consumption comes from hydroelectric plants. The little variability of energy sources in the Brazilian electrical matrix can cause an overload in the use of the source, or even generate shortages, which makes it necessary to diversify alternative sources to supply the demand. This occurs in periods of low rainfall, when hydroelectric plants operate with lower capacity than expected and the system becomes unstable. In this sense, it is necessary to use an alternative source of electricity that can work together with the hydroelectric plant and guarantee the stability of electricity generation. In view of this, natural gas presents itself as a good alternative for this replacement, as it is a safe source and less aggressive to the environment than other non-renewable sources. Some countries are already in the process of transitioning from electricity to natural gas, as is the case with China, one of the largest consumers of this source in the world. Thus, this work aims to list the incentives observed in these countries that lead to better development of natural gas in the electricity matrix. For this, the parameters of reserves, production and incentives of natural gas in the Brazilian and world electric matrix were used. Thus, it was possible to observe that Brazil needs to face the challenges of fees and taxes on the use of natural gas in the electricity matrix, in order to generate incentives for greater investments in the sector. In addition, it is observed that the country has great potential for greater production of natural gas, however, it is still necessary to make improvements in infrastructure to support greater volumes of gas produced.
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Gás natural , Eletricidade , Incentivos