Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental no município de Vitória-ES, com o apoio de um SIG livre
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Data
2017-08-29
Autores
Almeida Junior, Helio Carreço de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In several cities in Brazil the needy population tend to settle in inappropiate areas, such as slopes with risk of landslide, inundated areas and other environmental risks. This situation indicates that the disadvantaged sections of society face socio-environmental vulnerability. This paper aims to analyze socio-environmental vulnerability faced by the most needy portion of the population from Vitoria – ES and shows the importance of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool of measurement and representation of these situations. Thus, the feasibility of adopting free geotechnologies will be demonstrated in order to approach this theme by means of analyzing the socioeconomic, infrastructural as well as physical environment variables. Given the fact that the data about the theme involve the analysis of many variables it is possible that a small number of variables may contain more relevant information, while most variables might add little or no information to the interpretation of the results. It was adopted a reduction of variables during the choice of which variables are relevant by means of objective criteria utilizing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which enabled the construction of multidimensional graphs containing greater statistical information. The variables analyzed showed high correlation and the results were spatialized through a free GIS software which allowed forming groups of neighborhoods that present similarities regarding the socio-environmental vulnerability. The applied methodology enabled to identify a notable disparity among the neighborhoods of Vitoria, in which the West neighborhoods of the municipality and those located in hills were considered the most vulnerable. It is possible that the methodology of this research can be applied in the study of socio-environmental vulnerability in any city or territorial unit with the input of other relevant variables.
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Socio-environmental vulnerability , Vulnerabilidade socioambiental , Geographic Information Systems (GIS) , Sistemas de informações geográficas , Free geotechnologies , Geotecnologias livres