Modelagem híbrida de um sistema de regeneração de energia de frenagem em locomotivas diesel-elétricas

Abstract

One of the most efficient and safe means of transport is rail transport. In Brazil, they diesel electric locomotive are used in the vast majority of railroads, where a diesel engine provides kinetic energy for an electric generator that powers the traction engines. In this work, a study is carried out on the regeneration of the energy produced by the locomotive traction motors in braking for supply its auxiliary loads, such as air conditioning, air compressor, fans and blowers. This work proposes the study of the fleet of locomotives model BB40-9MW of a brazilian railroad. At work, the regeneration system is modeled as a hybrid system, which consists of differential equations, or equations for differences and logical equations. Such models were simulated with the aid of the Hysdel toolbox of the computational tool Matlab. The loads, the traction motors as generators and three different types of accumulators were modeled, the first being formed by batteries and supercapacitors, the second formed exclusively by supercapacitors and the third formed exclusively by batteries. With the real data stored by the locomotive event recorder for the energy produced in the braking and, from the models, the best configuration of accumulators for energy regeneration was determined. It is concluded in this work that for the railway under study, evaluating the results of the three configurations of accumulators proposed, the accumulator formed exclusively by batteries presented the best result. However, this conclusion may not be valid for other railways, especially for those with an average braking time of less than 60 seconds, it is probably more appropriate in this case to use the accumulator formed exclusively by supercapacitors. For a railroad whose average braking time is close to 60 seconds, the accumulator configuration formed by batteries and supercapacitors can be a good option, requiring an in-depth assessment. If the number of batteries and supercapacitors in the accumulators is changed, a new evaluation will be necessary, simulating the system with the new configuration.