John Rawls e a proposta de uma comunidade política
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Data
2023-10-17
Autores
Barreira, Carolina Matedi
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The work investigates the hypothesis of the existence of an implicit proposal of political community in “Political Liberalism”, despite the rejection of this conception by the great majority of the interpreters of the Rawlsian work and, even, by John Rawls himself. To investigate this hypothesis, extensive bibliographical research was carried out on Rawls' main works and publications, in chronological order, as well as on his main critics and interlocutors. From this research, it was verified the central role of the conception of community in the doctrine of “justice as equity” in “A Theory of Justice”. However, the chronological progression of his publications suggested a later abandonment of this notion, given its incompatibility with the fact of reasonable pluralism. However, through the analysis of the main elements of “Political Liberalism”, it is possible to observe that the value of the community persists in his work, albeit implicitly. Indeed, the notion of community as presented in “A Theory of Justice”, based on a moral motivation that is articulated by the congruence between good and just, has no space in “Political Liberalism”. However, through the inclusion of elements such as overlapping consensus and public reason, it is feasible to envisage the possibility of a political community, whose social unity does not find support in comprehensive doctrines, but in a wide conception of justice and its public justification. Furthermore, this notion is indispensable to provide a basis for the social cooperation of citizens in liberal societies deeply divided by comprehensive doctrines, not only different, but also opposed. Finally, the purpose of this work is to understand how people can be effectively motivated to endorse an ideal of a well-ordered society, once it is considered the bases of self-respect and a sense of belonging.
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John Rawls , Comunidade política , Comunitarismo , Liberalismo político , Consenso sobreposto