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Redes dialógicas com educandos de uma escola estadual do Espírito Santo sobre o novo ensino médio: o que dizem os estudantes?
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-05) Graciliano, Vitor Martins; Vieira, Alexandro Braga; Simões, Renata Duarte; Vieira, Alexandro Braga; Alcantara, Regina Godinho de; Bahia, Bruno Cardoso de Menezes
The central theme of this study is the composition of dialogic networks with students about the New High School (NMS). Its general objective is to set up dialogical networks with a group of students enrolled in a state school in Espírito Santo in order to understand the enunciations about the NEM in their formative processes. To this end, the specific objectives are: a) to understand the process of creating and implementing the New Secondary Education and the main guidelines that guide this policy in Brazilian education and in the Espírito Santo State Education Network, i.e. history, legal foundations and pedagogical guidelines; b) to problematize the operationalization of the New High School in the daily life of a teaching unit of the Espírito Santo State Education Network and seek to understand, through dialogical networks set up with a group of students, their understanding of the policy in question; c) to prepare, as an educational product, a notebook with the systematization of the round table discussions held with the students. As a theoretical reference, it dialogues with Paulo Freire and authors who deal with NEM. The methodology is based on qualitative and participatory research, carried out through document consultation, moments of participant observation and conversation circles with students in the third year of secondary school at a state school in Espírito Santo. As a result, the students indicated that: a) the New High School is far from meeting the needs/expectations of the working class; b) the suppression of subjects has had an incisive and negative impact on the processes of appropriation of knowledge; c) the lack of teacher training to work with the new policy favors decontextualized teaching practices; d) there are power relations within schools that disempower dialogue between students and educators; e) the aforementioned policy was designed to scrap the social right to Education for students coming from the working class. In addition, the young people say they want to continue studying, including the desire to go on to higher education, and that there is a need to re-evaluate this policy, so that it is thought of from multiple perspectives and strengthens the social right to education, as prescribed by the 1988 Federal Constitution and Law No. 9.394/96 on the Guidelines and Bases of National Education.
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Ensino de evolução e a pandemia da Covid-19: uma sequência didática investigativa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-24) Arcanjo, Élique do Carmo; Tosta, Vander Calmon; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3069-5221; Mancini, Karina Carvalho; Mendes, Michell Pedruzzi
Teaching evolution is essential to understanding the origin of the diversity of life forms and the relationships between living beings. It is also a powerful tool for developing critical thinking in those who study it, since its practice is permeated by intense moments of analysis and reflection. However, several studies point to a series of difficulties, both on the part of teachers and students, when biology classes address evolution. Based on this finding, and also observing the context of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, the development and application of an investigative teaching sequence was proposed for teaching key concepts of evolution, relating them to Covid-19. The theme of didactic sequence, as well as its potential in teaching and learning processes, has been addressed by many authors. Teaching by inquiry, in turn, is a pedagogical approach that places students at the center of the learning process, with the teacher playing the role of facilitator of knowledge who must provide conditions for students to act as protagonists in the construction of knowledge. The qualitative research was conducted in a public school in the state of Espírito Santo, located in the city of Cariacica, with the participation of students in the 1st year of high school. Throughout the methodological process, the students conducted research related to the evolution of COVID-19, focusing on three axes, seeking to correlate with the evolutionary concepts of mutation, natural selection and adaptation: evolution of the number of deaths in Espírito Santo, emergence of SARS-Cov-2 variants, and vaccines against COVID-19. Through the analysis of observations, behaviors and content produced and collected throughout the process, as well as responses to the pre-test and post-test, and the opinion survey, it was possible to verify that the proposed objectives were achieved. It was observed that the students are able to draw a parallel between the evolution of other species and the evolution of viruses, although the justifications vary in clarity and precision. After applying the didactic sequence, progress was noted in most of the items evaluated, related to the key concepts of evolution and its relationship with COVID-19. Regarding the use of the investigative didactic sequence resource, there was a favorable response from the students. The need to seek different strategies was also observed, taking into account the diversity of learning methods among students.
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Rastreamento e prevalência de salmonella sp. na cadeia produtiva da pimenta-do-reino (piper nigrum) no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-20) Vinha, Mariana Barboza; Nascimento, Maristela da Silva do; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-0361; Cassini, Sérvio Túlio Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3666; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3314-7896; Keller, Regina de Pinho; Silveira, Daniele Damasceno; Oliveira, Jairo Pinto de; Ventura, José Aires
Contamination of black pepper with Salmonella is a frequent problem in retail and imported shipments. However, there is scarce information about the prevalence of the pathogen in the initial stages of black pepper production chain. This study sought to bridge this gap in research by determining the prevalence, as well as quantifying, and identifying the main Salmonella serovars present during black pepper primary production and processing. Black pepper (233) and environmental (175) samples were collected from farms (354) and processing plants (54) in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The pathogen was detected in soil (16.7%), drying waste (20.4%), fallen berries (3.7%), threshed berries (14.3%), and dried peppercorns (22.2%) collected from farms. Salmonella was also detected in samples of raw material (11.1%), export products (16.7%), and processing waste (16.7%) collected from processing plants. A total of 12 serotypes were identified, and Salmonella Javiana showed the highest prevalence (38.8%). According to the results, contaminations can occur during black pepper harvest and post-harvest, increase or persist throughout post-harvest and remain in the grains produced on rural properties. The processing performed by exporting companies did not eliminate or reduce these contaminations to a safe level, resulting in contamination of the product intended for export The presence of the pathogen in the environment increases the risk of contamination of the fruits and pepper grains during processing. However, this risk can be reduced by improving hygiene practices during processing and by adopting Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). To ensure product safety, it is essential to prevent contaminations and to make changes to the current production process, including the implementation of treatments that reduce and control contamination. Public policies aimed at improving rural sanitation, promoting the adoption of GAP, and advancing processing technologies are crucial for driving the necessary changes that will ensure the safety of black pepper produced in Espírito Santo.
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Atravessamentos entre avaliação e medicalização na educação infantil: como ficam as crianças nesse processo?
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-30) Loureiro, Simone Nascimento; Ronchi Filho, Jair; Gomes, Vitor; Prates, Maria Riziane Costa
This study aimed to analyze possible implications between the assessment of the learning process of children completing the Early Childhood Education stage of a Municipal Early Childhood Education Center (CMEI) in Vitória and the medicalization of children. The study was developed based on the research line “Educational Practices, Diversity and School Inclusion” of the Professional Postgraduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Espírito Santo. In this study, we also sought to understand how the assessment processes implemented from different subjects and different space-times occur, and how these collaborate (or not) with the medicalization process of children, in addition to analyzing the data contained in the Descriptive Reports prepared by the CMEI, in the Group 6 classes, with regard to the studied theme. We rely on various theoretical frameworks to understand the concepts of medicalization and assessment, including Illich (1975), Foucault (1977) and Moysés & Collares (1996), which lead us to think beyond the origin of the term, about the growing medicalization process of children diagnosed with “diseases of not learning”, and Hoffmann (1996), Esteban (2006) and Patto (1999), which help us understand assessment as a need to consider the differences that constitute children as social and individual subjects. As a methodology, we rely on the use of a variety of tools, beginning with the analysis of documents and continued with semi structured interviews with the different research subjects, always focusing on the need to consider the researcher’s observations about the surroundings of these processes in order to carry out the analysis that supports this work. Continuing along this path, in addition to the dissertation presented here, a videocast consisting of dialogues on assessment and medicalization and on how children have been thought of in this context was produced as an Educational Product. The result of this research is expected to be the problematization of possible implications of medicalization in the assessment of children's learning, which can often favor the production of clinical reports. In this sense, it is important to seek to understand the assessment processes of the children, considering their learning path and time, giving them the right to be assessed in their singularities.
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Tubos de luz natural em habitação de interesse social
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-12) Santos, Gabriel de Sousa; Laranja, Andréa Coelho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-0653; Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida Nico; Ribeiro, Pedro Vitor Sousa
Daylight brings psychophysiological benefits to users and self-construction can interfere with the availability of this resource in environments. Thus, zenithal openings of the natural light pipes type can be adopted as a preventive strategy for the adequate availability of daylighting in social housing that can be self-construction. In this sense, this research aims to analyze the lighting performance of natural light pipes in the kitchen environment of a single-family housing of social interest. The methodology was divided into three phases, namely: in Phase 1 (20 models) it was possible to analyze the availability of daylight in the internal environment, coming from natural light pipes, as well as the influence of the addition of elbow, variation of the inclination and increase in the length and dimension of the tube section. In Phase 2 (5 models), based on a case study, the lighting performance of a kitchen model was analyzed, with or without construction changes, recurrent in single-family housing of social interest. Subsequently, the kitchen model whose results indicate greater lighting losses due to self construction, the models of natural light pipes that present better performances in Phase 1 are inserted. The simulations performed in the Troplux 8 software verify the indexes of UDI (Useful Daylight Illuminance), sDA (Spatial Daylight Autonomy), ASE (Annual Sunlight Exposure), EMA (Average Annual Illuminance), UR (Daylight Uniformity Ratio) and Isocurves. Among the models analyzed, the results obtained for “M5/F1[69°/1.2x0.2m/J]” and “M15/F1[69°/1.2x0.4m/J]” stand out, both have a length of 1.2 m, with elbow and the same inclination (69°). A larger dimension of the tube section in “M15/F1[69°/1.2x0.4m/J]”, when compared to “M5/F1[69°/1.2x0.2m/J]”, contributed to the increase in EMA values by 38% to 128%, with this change being more effective in the winter months. The insertion of these models of natural light pipes into the kitchen model with the addition of a garage and adjoining room attests to the ability of these systems to contribute to a better availability of daylight in the internal environment, as well as preventing the decay of internal illuminance to levels below those recommended by NBR 15575-1 (ABNT, 2013), in cases where obstructions of conventional openings occur due to self-construction.