Vales incisos e seu papel como recifes mesofóticos na plataforma continental do Espírito Santo
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Data
2021-06-25
Autores
Oliveira, Natacha de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The pressure on the marine environment, increasing over the years, has led to studies to better understand and thus manage it, taking into account ecological, environmental and human factors. In this sense, there is the habitat mapping which is based on an interdisciplinary analysis of the seabed to understand which are the dominant and determining variables that control the distribution of benthic habitats and thus assist in management policies for these systems. Therefore, this work brings a multi-scale analysis of the Espírito Santo Continental Shelf (ESCS), in order to identify the habitat presents in it, highlighting the mesophotic habitats, and to understand the role of geomorphology, especially of incised valleys, as a structuring in the occurrence of these distinct habitat. This thesis combined indirect methods such as geomorphometry (Benthic Terrain Modeler), image segmentation (Object Based Image Analysis) and geoacoustic sampling (multibeam echo sounder), with direct sampling methods, these being video-imaging (Dropcam), water parameters and sedimentary coverage (through results of past works). In the course of the chapters and with the combination of the aforementioned methods, it was possible to observe a wide variety of habitat classes, 17 classes in total. In the three modes of detailing the study area (macro, meso and micro scale), it was evident that the shelf morphology derived from sea level fluctuations along with sediment input and carbonate production rates define the heterogeneity and pattern of habitat distribution. The more heterogeneous the sedimentary cover and the more varied the morphological gradient, greater potential of the areas for the development of epibenthic habitats and their diversity. The main morphological features were the incised valleys with their steep walls considered a legacy of marine regression and transgression. Along the valleys, rhodolith beds were also considered important mesophotic habitats, and both play fundamental ecological functions for the maintenance of biodiversity. The multi-scale study applied here, as well as the combination of methods, was very important to evidence certain habitats, allowing to increase the complexity of each habitat with each change in detail.
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Mapeamento de habitats , mapeamento de multi-escala , comunidades mesofóticas , geomorfologia marinha , vales incisos