Agronomia

URI Permanente desta comunidade

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17348
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia

Centro: CCAE
Telefone: (28) 3552 8983
URL do programa: https://producaovegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGA/

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    Efeito de fitoquímicos sobre Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-11-17) Oliveira, Diná Vimercati; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    In this work, the lethal and ovicidal effect of garlic and soursop vegetable oils and the isolated compound d-limonene and formulations based on these oils on adults of Tetranychus urticae and their eggs were evaluated. For the preparation of the formulations using the aforementioned oils as the active ingredient, the addition of adjuvant agents with encapsulating and emulsifying properties was carried out, in order to enhance the effects of these oils on adults and eggs. The oils and formulations tested to evaluate lethal activity were diluted in concentrations at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% (v/v) and sprayed directly on the adult mites. Dilutions of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (v/v) of the oils and their respective formulations were prepared to attest to the ovicidal effect and applied to T. urticae eggs. For the only diluted oils, a high acaricidal potential of garlic oil was observed, which in lower concentrations was considerably effective. The formulations showed promise in the face of increased mite mortality for all phytochemicals used and at all concentrations. Regarding the ovicidal effect, garlic and soursop oil at concentrations of 0.4% and 0.6% (v/v) showed significant potential, making the treated eggs unviable, reaching hatching rates below 20%. As for the formulations, they proved to be more effective in this bioassay, when compared to the pure bioactives, making it impossible to develop and hatch eggs in lower concentrations and for the three treatments
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    Novas tecnologias em fertilizantes nitrogenados : volatilização de amônia e produtividade do cafeeiro conilon
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-04-03) Machado, Ramires Ventura; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Urea is the most used nitrogen fertilizer in Brazil and in the world, but its superficial application may result in losses due to volatilization of ammonia, due to the action of urease. The growing demand for food associated with the concern of society with the environment has encouraged the search for new technologies to reduce the losses associated with the application of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of nitrogen, from the application of new technologies associated with nitrogen fertilizers. For this the present thesis is structured in 4 chapters. Chapter 1 relates to a laboratory experiment in a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 nitrogen fertilizers (conventional urea (UA), urea + boron and copper (UBC), urea + urease inhibitor - NBPT (UNBPT) , and 2 fertilizers with sulfur-polymer coated urea (UPS1 and UPS2), 2 matric potentials (-30 kPa and -75 kPa) and 2 forms of application: Form 1 (100% of the dose applied uniquely at the beginning of the experiment) and Form 2 (50% at the beginning of the experiment and 50% at 7 days), aiming to quantify losses by volatilization of NH3 from the application of fertilizers with associated technology submitted to different matric potentials and application forms. Chapter 2, also performed in the laboratory, besides quantifying NH3 volatilization, also determined the urease activity and soil CO2 flux using 4 nitrogen fertilizers (conventional urea (UC), urea + boron and copper (UBC), urea + urease inhibitor - NBPT (UNBPT) and urea coated with sulfur and polymer (UPS) and the same application forms used in chapter 1. Chapter 3 refers to a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the initial growth of conilon coffee as a function of the application of new technologies in nitrogen fertilizers submitted to different matric potentials. The same fertilizers used in chapter 2 and two different matric potentials were used -75 kPa and -150 kPa. Chapter 4 was carried out from an experiment in the field to evaluate the nutrition and production of conilon coffee from the application of technologies in nitrogen fertilizers submitted to different forms of application. The fertilizers used were the same as in Chapter 3 and the application forms were 100% of the nitrogen fertilization in single application; 50% of the nitrogen fertilization applied in the flowering and 50% in the grains formation; and 65% of nitrogen fertilization applied in flowering and 35% in grains 10 formation. Chapter 1 demonstrated that new technologies in nitrogen fertilizers reduced the volatilization of N-NH3, where the polymer and sulfur coated fertilizers presented lower losses due to volatilization of N-NH3. The treatments with higher matric potential (-30 kPa) reduced the volatilization of N-NH3 by 16.3% and the single fertilization (100%) presented on average losses by volatilization of N-NH3 23.5% lower. In Chapter 2 it was observed that technologies applied to nitrogen fertilizers (UBC, UNBPT and UPS) reduced losses by volatilization by 40% and soil urease activity by 22% when compared to UC, with UPS being the fertilizer received the best evaluation. The split reduced N-NH3 volatilization losses by 36.1 and 65.2% for UNBPT and UPS fertilizers respectively, and the CO2 flux did not change as a function of the treatments. Chapter 3 concluded that nitrogen fertilizer technologies influenced the initial growth and nutrition of the conilon coffee tree, increasing leaf area (8.8%), leaf dry matter (9.7%) and stem (11.8%), and N content in the dry matter in the leaf (12.9%). The UC, UBC and UNBPT were influenced by a higher matric potential (-75 kPa). The UPS was not influenced by the soil matric potential. Chapter 4 demonstrated that nitrogen fertilizer technologies applied to conilon coffee produced 17 bags per hectare more than conventional urea. There was no difference between N fertilizer technologies when evaluating the productivity and concentration of total N and P in the leaves of conilon coffee, and that the application of each nitrogen fertilizer did not influence the productivity and nutrition of conilon coffee
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    Toxicidade e deterrência de extratos pirolenhosos e óleos vegetais sobre Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-11-20) Pereira, Jéssica Barboza; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    Mining flies belong to the genus Liriomyza, and they exhibit extensive polyphagy, which causes irreparable losses in plant species. The most severe impacts caused by the pest are associated with its larval stage. The increase in the number of insecticide applications as well as doses above the recommendation aimed at efficiency in con trolling the pest can lead to the emergence of populations with resistance. The objec tive of this work was to develop methods aimed at sustainable management for L. sativae using (1) pyroligneous extracts (2) Vegetable oils and respective emulsions. For the toxicity test, solutions were prepared at different concentrations by diluting them in distilled water, leaf discs containing L. sativae larvae were immersed in the solution. For insect activity and deterrence tests, jack bean plants were subjected to airbrush treatments, sprayed with 6 mL of the solutions on each plant. It was verified through the results that (1) the pyroligneous extracts caused mortality in three-day-old leafminer larvae, with emphasis on the coffee straw extract at 350ºC. (2) Fixed neem oil and its association with citronella were efficient during the developmental stages of the leafminer fly. The emulsion enhanced the effectiveness of the oils. It is concluded that pyroligneous extracts and vegetable oils are effective against the leafminer fly. The use of emulsions has been shown to be capable of enhancing the effect of oils, representing a promising strategy for the management of L. sativae