Mestrado em Informática

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A framework to support the assignment of active structure and behavior in enterprise modeling approaches
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-08-31) Arpini, Rômulo Henrique; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Falbo, Ricardo de Almeida; Araujo, Renata Mendes de
The need to relate the various architectural domains captured in partial descriptions of an enterprise is addressed in virtually all enterprise modeling approaches. One of these domains, namely that of organizational behavior, has received significant attention in recent years in the context of business process modeling and management. Another important domain, that of organizational structure is strongly inter-related with the process domain. While the process domain focuses on how the business process activities are structured and performed, the organizational structure domain focuses on who performs these activities, i.e., which kinds of entities in an organization are capable of performing work. Given the strong connection between the organizational behavior and organizational resources, we argue that any comprehensive enterprise modeling technique should explicitly establish the relations between the modeling elements that represent organizational behavior, called here behavioral elements, and those used to represent the organizational resources (organizational actors) involved in these activities, called here active structure elements. Despite the importance of the relations between these architectural domains, many of the current enterprise architecture and business process modeling approaches lack support for the expressiveness of a number of important active structure allocation scenarios. This work aims to overcome these limitations by proposing a framework for active structure assignment that can be applied to enterprise architecture and business process modeling approaches. This framework enriches the expressiveness of existing techniques and supports the definition of precise active structure assignments. It is designed such that it should be applicable to a number of enterprise architecture and business process modeling languages, i.e., one should be able to use and apply different (enterprise and business process) modeling languages to the framework with minor changes.
A model-based graphical editor for supporting the creation, verification and validation of OntoUML conceptual models
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-02-05) Benevides, Alessander Bott; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Falbo, Ricardo de Almeida; Costa, Mateus Conrad Barcellos da
This thesis presents a model-based graphical editor for supporting the creation, verification and validation of conceptual models and domain ontologies in a philosophically and cognitively well-founded modeling language named OntoUML. The editor is designed in a way that, on one hand, it shields the user from the complexity of the ontological principles underlying this language. On the other hand, it reinforces these principles in the produced models by providing a mechanism for automatic formal constraint verification, hence ensuring that the created models will be syntactically correct. Assessing the quality of conceptual models is key to ensure that conceptual models can be used effectively as a basis for understanding, agreement and construction of information systems. For this reason, the editor is also capable of automatic generation of model instances by transforming these models into specifications in the logic-based language Alloy. As the generated Alloy specifications include the modal axioms of the foundational ontology underlyingOntoUML, named Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO), then the automatically generated instances will present modal behaviour while being dynamically classified, thereby supporting the validation of the modal meta-properties of the OntoUML types.
A model-driven approach to the conceptual modeling of situations: from specification to validation
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-10-28) Sobral, Vinicius Marchandt; Costa, Patrícia Dockhorn; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Pires, Luís Ferreira; Pereira Filho, José Gonçalves
The modeling of situation types for context-aware applications, also called situationaware applications, is, on the one hand, a key task to the proper functioning of those applications. On the other hand, it is also a hard task given the complexity and the wide range of possible situation types. Aiming at facilitating the representation of those types of situations at design-time, the Situation Modeling Language (SML) was created. This language is based partially on rich ontological theories of conceptual modeling and is accompanied by a platform for situation-detection at runtime. Despite the benefits of the availability of this suitable infrastructure, the definition of situation types, being a non-trivial task, can still pose problems that are hardly detected by modelers by manual model inspection. This thesis aims at improving and facilitating the definition of situation types in SML by proposing: (i) the integration between the language and the ontological theories of conceptual modeling by using the OntoUML language, with the purpose of increasing the expressivity of situation type models; and (ii) an approach for the validation of situation type models using a lightweight formal method, aiming at increasing the correspondence between the created models’ instances and the modeler’s intentions. Both the integration and the validation are implemented in a tool for specification, verification and validation of ontologically-enriched situation types.
An ontological theory of the electrocardiogram with applications
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-05-13) Gonçalves, Bernardo; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Pereira Filho, José Gonçalves; Fonseca, Frederico; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade
The fields of Medical- and Bio-informatics are bearing witness of the application of the discipline of Formal Ontology to the representation of biomedical entities and (re-)organization of medical terminologies also in view of advancing electronic health records (EHR). In this context, the electrocardiogram (ECG) defines one of the prominent kinds of biomedical data. As a vital sign, it is an important piece in the composition of the EHR of today, as likely in the EHR of the future. This thesis introduces an ontological analysis of the ECG grounded in the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO) and axiomatized in First-Order Logic (FOL). With the goal of investigating the phenomena underlying this cardiological exam, we deal with the sub-domains of human heart electrophysiology and anatomy. We then outline an ECG ontology meant to represent what the ECG is on both sides of the patient and of the physician. The ontology is implemented in the semantic web technology OWL with its SWRL extension. The ECG Ontology makes use of basic relations standardized in the OBO Relation Ontology for the biomedical domain. In addition, it takes inspiration in the Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) and applies the Ontology of Functions (OF). Besides the ECG ontological theory itself, two applications of the ECG Ontology are also presented here. The first one is concerned with the off-line integration of ECG data standards, a relevant endeavor for the progress of Medical Informatics. The second one in turn comprises a reasoning-based web system that can be used to offer support for interactive learning in electrocardiography / heart electrophysiology. Overall, we also reflect on the ECG Ontology as well as on its two applications to provide evidence for benefits achieved with the employment of methodological principles - in terms of both ontological foundations and ontology engineering - in building a domain ontology.
Construção de ontologias de tarefa e sua reutilização na engenharia de requisitos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-06-24) Martins, Aline Freitas; Falbo, Ricardo de Almeida; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Baião, Fernanda Araújo; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade
Nowadays, it is acknowledged that reuse offers an important opportunity to achieve improvements in software development. Greater benefits, however, are achieved by reusing knowledge. Concerning knowledge reuse, two major kinds of knowledge should be considered: domain and task knowledge. For developing knowledge for reuse, models are needed to capture both, and ontologies can be used for this purpose. Domain ontologies describe the vocabulary related to a generic domain, while task ontologies describe the vocabulary related to a generic task. Domain ontologies have been extensively used in several areas in Computer Science, however, the same does not occur with task ontologies. There are few works presenting task ontologies, and there is no uniformity in representing them. Task knowledge involves two different facets: task decomposition and knowledge roles involved in the fulfillment of the subtasks. This work proposes the use of UFO (Unified Foundational Ontology) based UML profiles for representing task knowledge: OntoUML (that concerns class diagrams) modeling the knowledge roles involved and their properties and relations, and E-OntoUML (that concerns activity diagrams) capturing task decomposition and how knowledge roles act in their fulfillment. OntoUML is currently used to represent several domain ontologies. E-OntoUML is a new profile that is proposed here. This work also discusses how task ontologies can be combined with domain ontologies in order to describe the knowledge involved in a class of applications. Finally, since the main goal for capturing knowledge is to allow its reuse and sharing, an approach is proposed for reusing task ontologies in the Requirements Engineering process.
Evolução do método FrameWeb para o projeto de Sistemas de Informação Web utilizando uma abordagem dirigida a modelos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-04-18) Souza, Beatriz Franco Martins; Souza, Vitor Estêvão Silva; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Lima, Fernanda
In a context of increasingly competitive market, the development of Web-based Information Systems (WIS) needs to be more and more dynamic and efficient. Over the years, various Web Engineering (WebE) methods for analysis, design and development of WIS have been proposed. In 2007 the FrameWeb design method was proposed, which defines a basic architecture for the development of WIS based on frameworks. The FrameWeb proposed architecture had focused on a specific set of frameworks available at that time, setting some procedures and a UML profile to create a infrastructure close to the state-of-practice, with the aim of providing productivity gains, especially in the transition between design and development phases, taking advantage of these frameworks, as well as extensive knowledge of UML by modelers and developers. However, from the rise of new techniques, specifications and frameworks implementations it was necessary to revisit the method and evaluate the necessary changes to its continuity. Moreover, from its application, it was noted that the UML-based CASE tools leave with the modeler and his experience the responsibility for the activities to be performed and the correct use of the proposed constructs, giving rise to failures. Observing these issues, this work proposes the redefinition and formalization of the FrameWeb method language through a metamodel called FW15 lead by the use of Model-Driven Development (MDD) techniques. The metamodel FW-15 aims to ensure not only the semantics of FrameWeb language with regard to their framework-independent aspect, but also enable the evolution of the method, as it defines a methodology for creating Frameworks Settings containing the constructs and rules necessary for the creation and application of FrameWeb profiles responsible for its framework-dependent aspects. Thus, this proposal aims to maintain full compatibility with the original method version and at the same time add the necessary resources to new techniques and frameworks that can now be formally added to the method. As an additional contribution, this work presents a simplified prototype tool for designing FrameWeb diagrams and determines the guidelines to evolve this prototype, in order to allow the development of a suitable CASE tool for the method.
ML2: an expressive multi-level conceptual modeling language
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-09-19) Fonseca, Claudenir Morais; Carvalho, Victorio Albani de; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Falbo, Ricardo de Almeida; Grossmann, Georg
Subject domains are often conceptualized with entities stratified into a rigid two-level structure: a level of classes and a level of individuals which instantiate these classes. Multi-level modeling extends the conventional two-level classification scheme by admitting classes that are also instances of other classes, a feature which can be used beneficially in a number of domains. Despite the advances in multi-level modeling in the last decade, a number of requirements arising from representation needs in subject domains with multiple levels of classification have not yet been addressed in current modeling approaches. In this work, we investigate the requirements for multi-level modeling and propose an expressive multi-level conceptual modeling language dubbed ML2. We follow here a systematic approach based on a strict separation of concerns. First, we capture and formalize the conceptualization underlying multilevel modeling phenomena, called MLT*, building on the multi-level theory called MLT. Second, we employ MLT* as bedrock for the definition of ML2, a textual modeling language that addresses the elicited requirements for multi-level modeling. The proposed language is supported by a featured Eclipse-based workbench which verifies adherence of the ML2 model to the MLT* rules. The capabilities of ML2 are demonstrated by using it to accomplish three distinct modeling tasks: modeling a multi-level challenge proposed in the context of the MULTI 2017 workshop; modeling the concepts from ML2‟s underlying theory, MLT*; modeling the Unified Foundation Ontology (UFO).
Modeling stories for conceptual model validation
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-21) Braga, Bernardo Ferreira Bastos; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Santoro, Flávia Maria; Guizzardi, Giancarlo
Conceptual modeling is a challenging activity and assessing the quality of conceptual models is key to ensure that they may be used effectively as a basis for understanding, agreement and construction of information systems. A model can be assessed for different types of model quality and in this work we focus on the accuracy of an ontology-based conceptual model in characterizing the conceptualization it is supposed to represent. Validating the accuracy of a model involves understanding the admissible worlds states implied by the model and comparing that to the world states deemed admissible in the domain conceptualization. Previous efforts towards ontology-based conceptual model validation have created a model simulator that allows modelers to be confronted with the consequences of their modeling decisions. The model simulator generates sequences of snapshots of model instances, revealing the dynamics of object creation, change and destruction. Even though these efforts contribute to model assessment, they can be hard to understand and use and this work improves the approach using a mix of informal and formal storytelling. Stories have always been used as means of communicating complex affairs and we argue that they may be used effectively to assess models and reveal modeling decisions. This dissertation proposes an approach to assess conceptual models by creating narratives about a subject domain. These narratives exemplify how concepts of the conceptual model are employed in context. To use them in the existing model simulator, the natural language narratives are formalized as abstract stories using a specification language we define. These abstract stories are then used to guide the model simulation, generating instance diagrams. The natural language narrative is used to provide an intuitive understanding of the meaning of concepts. Comparing Natural Language Narratives to object diagrams that show the instantiation of the formal model allows one to understand how concepts are formalized. Contrasting these guided simulations with the intended conceptualization is the basis for model assessment in this approach.
On the alignment between goal models and enterprise models with an ontological account
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-12-16) Cardoso, Evellin Cristine Souza; Guizzardi, Renata Silva Souza; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Guizzardi, Giancarlo
Business process modelling basically comprises an activity whose main goal is to provide a formalization of business processes in an organization or a set of cooperating organizations (Recker, et al., 2006) (van der Aalst, et al., 2003). By modelling an organization’s business processes, it is possible to capture how the organization coordinates the work and resources with the aim of achieving its goals and strategies (Sharp, et al., 2001). Since business processes and goals are intrinsically interdependent, establishing an alignment between the process and the goal domains arises as a natural approach. This thesis reports on a real-life exploratory case study in which we investigated the relationship between the elements of the enterprise (modeled in the ARIS framework) and the goals (modeled in the Tropos framework and modeling language) which are attained by these elements. The case study has been conducted in the Rheumatology Department of a University Hospital in Brazil. In the course of the case study, we have identified the need of splitting this effort into three phases: the elicitation phase (in which goal models and business process models are captured from the organizational domain), the harmonization phase (in which the goal domain is structured for alignment according to the business processes structures that will support it) and the alignment phase (in which the relationships between the goal domain and the elements of the organizational domain are established). In order to investigate the relation between goals and enterprise elements, we propose an ontological account for both architectural domains. We recognize the importance in considering the business process as the means for implementing an enterprise’s strategy, but we do not exclude the remaining enterprise elements. Furthermore, we are concerned with both the identification of the relationships and with a classification for their nature.
Ontologically correct taxonomies by construction: a graph grammar-based approach
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-25) Batista, Jeferson de Oliveira; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-3781; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4332944687727598; https://orcid.org/0000000250264819; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7310031541080438; Souza, Vitor Estevão Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000318695704; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762374760685577; Sales, Tiago Prince; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-5761; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8436504586462308
Taxonomies play a central role in conceptual domain modeling, having a direct impact in areas such as knowledge representation, ontology engineering, and software engineering, as well as knowledge organization in information sciences. Despite this, there is little guidance on how to build high-quality taxonomies, with notable exceptions being the OntoClean methodology, and the ontology-driven conceptual modeling language OntoUML. These techniques take into account the ontological meta-properties of rigidity and sortality of types to establish wellfounded rules on the formation of taxonomic structures. The rigidity meta-property defines whether a type applies essentially or contingently to its instances, while the sortality defines whether a type provides a uniform principle of identity for its instances. In this dissertation, we show how to leverage the formal rules underlying these techniques in order to build taxonomies which are correct by construction. We define a set of correctness-preserving operations to systematically introduce types and subtyping relations into taxonomic structures. In addition to considering the ontological micro-theory of endurant types underlying OntoClean and OntoUML, we also employ the MLT (Multi-Level Theory) micro-theory of high-order types, which allows us to address multi-level taxonomies based on the powertype pattern, in which an entity can be both a type and an instance at the same time. To validate our proposal, we formalize the model building operations as a graph grammar that incorporates both microtheories. A graph grammar is a formal way to specify an initial graph and a set of graph transformation rules. Each graph represents a model, in our case, a taxonomy. A transformation rule consists of preconditions that must be true for a model in order to the rule be applicable, and a set of creation and deletion operations for vertices and edges. The set of models reachable applying the grammar rules is called the grammar language. We apply automatic verification techniques over the grammar language to show that the graph grammar is sound, i.e., that all taxonomies produced by the grammar rules are correct, at least up to a certain size. We also show that the rules can generate all correct taxonomies up to a certain size (a completeness result).
Ontology validation for managers
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-10) Sales, Tiago Prince; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Pinto, Ig Ibert Bittencourt Santana
Ontology-driven conceptual modeling is the activity of capturing and formalizing how a community perceives a domain of interest, using modeling primitives inherited from a foundational ontology. OntoUML is an example of a language that supports such activity, whose design derives from the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO). Ontologies, in the sense of reference conceptual models, are useful in many fields. They include model-driven development of software systems, development of knowledge-based application (in the context of Semantic Web), semantic interoperability between information systems, and evaluation of modeling languages, to cite some. Regardless of the application, the quality of an ontology is directly related the quality of the results. Ontology and conceptual model quality encompasses a vast range of criteria. The validation activity aims to improve the domain appropriateness of a model. This means to help improve modeler’s confidence in saying: “I built the right model for my domain”. This thesis presents a validation framework usable by “managers” of the ontology world, i.e. modelers that are not experts in validation, logics and formal methods. The framework contains techniques and tools to help modelers systematically improve the quality of their models without demanding costly learning requirements. We build our framework on two conceptual pillars: model simulation and anti-patterns.
Propagação de metapropriedades em padrões de derivação em OntoUML
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-10-29) Reginato, Cássio Chaves; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Monteiro, Maxwell Eduardo; Costa, Mateus Conrad Barcellos da
Quite often, in conceptual modeling, we need to represent a concept that can only exist in function of inferences applied in other elements. More specifically, Ontological Conceptual models need to represent derived types considering ontological consistence. Hence, in this work we discuss the implementation of derived types in ontology-driven conceptual modeling language regarding the interaction between the meta-properties of the language and the various types of derivation. Moreover, we have extended the OntoUML lightweight editor, providing derivation patterns to facilitate the building of ontological models.
ProScene: uma plataforma para simulação de situações
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-11-20) Baldi, Alessandro Murta; Costa, Patrícia Dockhorn; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade
Systems simulation permits that processes in real life to be developed in a controlled environment allowing experimentation over a wide range of conditions. These experiments promote (i) the identification of possible problems that occur over time in a given context, (ii) the training of simulated systems and organisms and (iii) analyzes of possible states that systems can reach. This dissertation explores an aspect not yet found in the literature: the use of simulations that explicitly consider the concept of Situation, named in this work as Situation-Aware Simulations (SiSA). Therefore, SiSAs are designed to simulate the execution of situationbased systems, capable of adapting autonomously to the situation of its users, promoting an innovative form of feedback, close to what happens in reality. The purpose of this work is to facilitate the development of SiSAs and, in this sense, it provides two important contributions: (i) an exploratory research in several simulation tools comparing programming paradigms, performance and characteristics of tools for the development of a SISA, and (ii) new simulations and situations platform called ProScene. ProScene is a hybrid platform, with the features of an agent-oriented simulation tool and a situation management platform. In this way, ProScene has a unique characteristic: it enables the developer to implement situations as agents of the simulation, allowing the visual monitoring of activation and deactivation of situations in their locations.
Representação de capacidades organizacionais em frameworks de defesa: uma abordagem baseada em análise ontológica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-27) Miranda, Gabriel Martins; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Guizzardi, Renata Silva Souza; Almeida, Maurício Barcellos
The importance of capabilities in defense domain led to its inclusion in a number of Enterprise Architecture frameworks for this domain, including DoDAF, MODAF and NAF. These frameworks include a number of concepts and language constructs to describe capabilities in an organization. Despite the support for the representation of capabilities in theses frameworks, the notion of capabilities requires a precise conceptualization. A lack of this precision may lead to modeling and communication problems. Thus, this paper presents an ontological analysis of capability-related concepts in these defense frameworks (DoDAF, MODAF and NAF), revealing issues in the underlying conceptualization and in the use of the capability concept. In this analysis, we adopt an ontological account for capabilities based on the notion of dispositions, derived from UFO. UFO helps to understand the constructs of defense frameworks and reveals issues about expressiveness and clarity in representation of capabilities. These issues form a start point to propose a review of the meta-models of defense frameworks, changing naming conventions of some concepts and including new concepts, relations and distinctions necessaries in the reviewed meta-model. Thus, improving the expressiveness and clarity of the language, to represent capabilities. This review allows equip the defense frameworks with appropriate support for representation of capabilities, ensuring the precision, clarity and expressiveness of its language concepts.
Representation of multi-level domains on the web
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-28) Silva, Freddy Brasileiro; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Souza, Vitor Estevão Silva; Parreiras, Fernando Silva
Often, subject domains are conceptualized with entities in two levels: a level of classes, and a level of individuals which instantiate these classes. In several subject domains, however, classes themselves may be subject to categorization, resulting in classes of classes (or metaclasses). To represent these domains, one needs to capture not only entities of different classification levels, but also their (possibly intricate) relations. In the domain of biological taxonomies, for instance, a given organism (e.g. Cecil, the lion killed in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe in 2015) is classified into taxa (such as, e.g., Animal, Mammal, Carnivoran, Lion), each of which is classified by a biological taxonomic rank (e.g., Kingdom, Class, Order, Species). Thus, to represent the knowledge underlying this domain, one needs to represent entities at different (but nonetheless related) classification levels. For example, Cecil is an instance of Lion, since he exhibits those common features. For example, Cecil is an instance of Lion, which is an instance of Species. Species, in its turn, is an instance of Taxonomic Rank. Moreover, when representing these domains, one needs to capture not only entities of different classification levels, but also their (possibly intricate) relations. For example, we would like to state that instances of the genus Panthera must also be instances of exactly one instance of Species (e.g. Lion). The need to support the representation of knowledge domains dealing with multiple classification levels has given rise to an area of investigation called multi-level modeling. We observe that the representation of multi-level domains is challenging in current Semantic Web languages, as there is little support to guide the modeler in producing correct multi-level ontologies, especially because of the nuances in the constraints that apply to entities of different classification levels and their relations. In order to address these representation challenges, we define a vocabulary that can be used as basis for the definition of multilevel ontologies in OWL. This vocabulary is accompanied by integrity constraints to prevent the construction of inconsistent models as well as derivation rules to derive knowledge that is not explicit in the model. We offer a tool that receives as input a domain model, checks its conformance with the proposed integrity constraints and produces an output model containing the original domain model plus derived information. In this process, we employ an axiomatic theory called MLT (a Multi-Level Modeling Theory). We use Wikidata content to demonstrate that the approach can prevent the construction of inconsistent multi-level representations in a realistic setting.
Representing dynamic invariants in ontologically well-founded conceptual models
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-05-28) Guerson, John; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Farias, Clever Ricardo Guareis de; Guizzardi, Giancarlo
Conceptual models often capture the invariant aspects of the phenomena we perceive. These invariants may be considered static when they refer to structures we perceive in phenomena at a particular point in time or dynamic/temporal when they refer to regularities across different points in time. While static invariants have received significant attention, dynamics enjoy marginal support in widely-employed techniques such as UML and OCL. This thesis aims at addressing this gap by proposing a technique for the representation of dynamic invariants of subject domains in UML-based conceptual models. For that purpose, a temporal extension of OCL is proposed. It enriches the ontologically well-founded OntoUML profile and enables the expression of a variety of (arbitrary) temporal constraints. The extension is fully implemented in the tool for specification, verification and simulation of enriched OntoUML models.
Representing organizational structures in enterprise architecture: an ontology-based approach
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-27) Pereira, Diorbert Corrêa; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Bax, Marcello Peixoto; Falbo, Ricardo de Almeida
Enterprise Architecture (EA) promotes the establishment of a holistic view of the structure and way of working of an organization. One of the aspects covered in EA is associated with the organization’s “active structure”, which concerns “who” undertakes organizational activities. Several approaches have been proposed in order to provide a means for representing enterprise architecture, among which ARIS, RM-ODP, UPDM and ArchiMate. Despite the acceptance by the community, existing approaches focus on different purposes, have limitations on their conceptual scopes and some have no real world semantics well-defined. Besides modeling approaches, many ontology approaches have been proposed in order to describe the active structure domain, including the ontologies in the SUPER Project, TOVE, Enterprise Ontology and W3C Org Ontology. Although specified for semantic grounding and meaning negotiation, some of proposed approaches have specific purposes and limited coverage. In addition, some of them are not defined using formal languages and others are specified using languages without welldefined semantics. This work presents a well-founded reference ontology for the organizational domain. The organizational reference ontology presented covers the basic aspects discussed in the organizational representation literature, such as division of labor, social relations and classification of structuring units. Further, it also encompasses the organizational aspects defined in existing approaches, both modeling and ontology approaches. The resulting ontology is specified in OntoUML and extends the social concepts of UFO-C.
Separating ontological and informational concerns: a model-driven approch for conceptual modeling
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-11-28) Carraretto, Roberto; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Campos, Maria Luiza Machado
Many authors have discussed the importance of ontological concerns in the development of information systems, emphasizing the benefits of ontology-based approaches to conceptual modeling tasks. A principled ontology-driven approach typically relies on the definition of a domain ontology and its use in subsequent phases of information system design and integration. Many of the challenges in the application of such an approach are related to addressing ontological concerns (defining the nature of phenomena of interest) and addressing informational concerns (defining the information demand about the phenomena of interest). In this thesis, we argue that ontological concerns should be clearly separated from informational concerns. We have observed that ontology-based approaches and information modeling approaches have been treated mostly in isolation, with the consequence that the relation between a domain ontology and an information model is still in need of clarification, despite the efforts of the formal ontology and the information modeling communities. Therefore, in this thesis, we analyze conceptual modeling in terms of two levels, namely, the so-called ontological level and, what we call, the information level. Our initial effort is to characterize the information level in harmony with existing works on information modeling and to align our information level approach with the existing ones concerning the ontological level. Then, we strive to provide a model-driven approach in which a domain ontology addressing ontological concerns (at the ontological level) is used as a starting point for the definition of an information model addressing informational concerns (at the information level). Our model-driven approach is guided by several systematic informational decisions that we identify here, which assist the addressing of an information demand. We adopt a philosophically well-founded profile of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams, called OntoUML, to represent domain ontologies. Further, we adopt UML class diagrams to represent information models in an object-oriented approach. Finally, we provide tool support for the model transformation from OntoUML to UML in order to operationalize the approach and show its technical feasibility.
Suporte automatizado para construção de modelos conceituais bem fundamentados
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-08-27) Graças, Alex Pinheiro das; Guizzardi, Giancarlo; Guizzardi, Renata Silva Souza; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Costa, Mateus Conrad Barcellos da
The adoption of ontologically well founded languages for building ontologies has acquiring more adopters, however its widespread use stumble on using difficulties by inexperienced modelers. This dissertation proposes a methodological guide to support the building of domain ontologies using the ontologically well founded language OntoUML. This guide through the analysis of language structure, restrictions and design patterns helps the designer on the modeling process. Beyond, the building support interactions are used to generate a design rationale. At last, it is presented a Web application implementing the ideas proposed in this work.
Um método para o alinhamento entre modelos de processos e modelos objetivos baseados de contribuição
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-07-31) Reis, Ariane Nunes; Guizzardi, Renata Silva Souza; Almeida, João Paulo Andrade; Costa, Mateus Conrad Barcellos da
Contemporary organizations have been using process modeling to formalize their business processes so that they can be properly followed, monitored and automated by the organizational members. More recently, there is also a growing interest in the alignment between business process models and goals models, since this alignment accounts for an explanation of how goals are operationalized in terms business process and how the organization works with the aim of achieving its objectives and strategies. Although this recognition, methods that support the systematic alignment between process models and goals models are still scarce. In order to contribute in this regard, this dissertation presents the proposal of the Method for Alignment of Processes Models and Goals Models based on contribution analysis (in Portuguese: Método para Alinhamento entre Modelos de Processos e de Objetivos baseado em análise de contribuição - MAPO), proposing well-defined steps to guide the analyst in identification of inconsistencies between business process models and their corresponding goals models. In order to support this alignment, this work builds its contribution on previous work regarding the classification of objectives and analysis of traceability in meeting goals. This dissertation describes an empirical study conducted to validate the feasibility of the method and to collect suggestions for improvements. Both to illustrate as well as to validate, we use real case studies, thus providing a realistic context for the application of the method. The validation results are promising and also bring important suggestions, which led to the proposal of a new version of the method which is also documented in this dissertation.

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