Biodiversidade Tropical (extinto)

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17602
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical

Centro: CEUNES
Telefone: (27) 3312 1701
URL do programa: https://posgraduacao.saomateus.ufes.br/ppgbtextinto

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Navegando Biodiversidade Tropical (extinto) por Autor "Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko"

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    Atividade fotossintética em folhas e pseudobulbos de Cattleya warneri (CAM) e Miltonia spectabilis (C3) sob défict hídrico
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-29) Zampirollo, Jadson Bonini; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Falqueto, Adelmo Ralph; Oliveira, Marcos Góes; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko
    In this study ecophysiological characteristics were evaluated in leaves and pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchids species with CAM (Cattleya warneri T. Moore) and C3 (Miltonia spectabilis Lindl.) metabolism under prolonged water deficit (WD) (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days). For this, C. warneri and M. spectabilis plants obtained from a nursery in João Neiva/ES were transferred to nursery in UFES - Campus de São Mateus/ES, where chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, relative water content (RWC) and photosynthetic pigments were measured in leaves and pseudobulbs. Under WD, the RWC was significantly reduced in leaves and pseudobulbs of both species, however, in a similar way between the organs of CAM species (as from 30 days of WD - WD-30) and more slowly in the leaves in relation to pseudobulbs in C3 species (as from WD-60 and WD-30, respectively). The photosynthetic pigments concentration also were changed in response to water deficit, with declines observed in the chlorophyll a, b and total and increases of carotenoids in the leaves of both species, with increases in all of these pigments in the pseudobulbs of C. warneri, and no change in M. spectabilis. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters revealed increases in O-J and J-I phases, L and K-Bands, F0, ABS/RC, DI0/RC and decreases in the I-P phase, FV/FM, ET0/TR0, ET0/ABS e PITOTAL in leaves and pseudobulbs of both species, but more markedly in the pseudobulbs of M. spectabilis and with certain similarity between leaves and pseudobulbs of C. warneri. Thus, it is noted that both species demonstrated vulnerable to prolonged WD, with declines in the RWC, photodestruction of photosynthetic pigments and declines in photochemical activities, especially after the WD-30. However, the better maintenance of RWC values and smaller loss of performance of photochemical reactions observed in leaves of C3 species, M. spectabilis, associated with greater engagement of pseudobulbs indicate that this species is more tolerant to prolonged WD. The explanation for this may be the fact that senescent leaves, and mainly pseudobulbs are acting as facilitators organs in the in mobilization of water more effectively in this species, allowing the maintenance of the highest RWC on young leaves with consequent maintenance of photochemical activities.
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    Caracterização anato-fisiológica de Cattleya guttata Lindl. e Laelia tenebrosa Rolf. (orchidaceae): efeito da radiação
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-26) Costa, Thaís Silva; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Silva, Diolina Moura; Viveiros, Solange Cristina Mazzoni
    This study aimed to investigate the leaf anatomical structure of Laelia tenebrosa Rolf. and Cattleya guttata Lindl. and subsequently verify acclimation capacity of these species through physiological responses shown by them towards an environment with higher light intensity. 5 randomly selected plants of each species and each individual withdrew a fully expanded leaf were used for anatomical description. For the analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, 6 treatments were used in each kind: day 0 (fluorescence measurement performed in the nursery João Neiva / ES with photon flux density of 300 micromol m-2 s-1), 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 11 days and 95 days after transfer of the plants into the greenhouse CEUNES (photon flux density was 1225 ol m-2s-1). Anatomical analysis of leaves detected the occurrence of characters that can be interpreted as adaptations to water and structural maintenance of leaf economy. Both are hypostomatic exhibit stomatal pore-protected by projections, vascular bundles surrounded by pericyclic fibers and thick epidermal cuticle on both leaf surfaces. In addition to these characteristics, C. guttata, in its anatomical structure, showed a high density of stomata, adaxial cuticle thicker and thicker wall hypodermic L. tenebrosa. The analysis of transient OLKJIP and parameters of the JIP-test indicated the end of the period of 95 days in an environment with higher incidence of light acclimation of both species. It was observed that the species C. guttata and L. tenebrosa showed no photochemical damage mechanisms related to the FSI and FSII. In this sense, perhaps the anatomical structures presented by the studied species contributed to the plants did not suffer severe damage to their photochemical apparatus when transferred to an environment with higher luminosity
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    Desenvolvimento, características morfoanatômicas e ecofisiológicas de Aphelandra nitida Ness & Mart. (acanthaceae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-22) Zottele, Livia; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Dias, Camilla Rozindo; Araújo, Anderson Geyson Alves de
    This study vegetative and sexual propagation were evaluated, and the post-seminal development, and the morphological and ecophysiological characteristics of Aphelandra nitida submitted to different gradients of shading. The fruits, seeds and stem cuttings were obtained in the Forest of Restinga located in the neighborhood Liberdade, São Mateus-ES. The biometry and morphology of fruits and seeds were analyzed, and germination tests were performed on different substrates. The vegetative propagation of the species was carried out with different types of cuttings in vermiculite substrate. After the formation of vegetative propagation, these were transferred to the structure covered with screens under different shading conditions, in which after the end of the experiment, the morphological and leaves echophysiological characteristics were evaluated. The fruit consists of a loculicidal capsule constituted by two leaflets, which open releasing the seeds. The 5% sodium hypochlorite concentration for 30 minutes is the most suitable for seed disinfestation. The use of the substrate on paper is recommended for the germination of the species. The information about the postseminal development, mainly the foliar characters, reinforces the characteristics found in adult plants, being these morphological characteristics of great importance to aid the taxonomic studies and to interpret germination tests. The results of vegetative propagation showed that the basal cuttings are the most suitable for propagation of the species, not being anatomical barriers that hamper the rooting in any of the types of cuttings. The shading conditions to which the plants were subjected strongly influenced the evaluated parameters. The plants were tolerant to the full sun, observing changes in the photosynthetic apparatus as the reduction in the photochemical efficiency, being compensated by a greater dissipation of heat and investing in structural adaptations, as the reduction of the leaf area, increase in the thickness of the palisade parenchyma, Increase in stomatal density and lipid compounds in mesophyll. The results of the present work highlight the importance of basic studies to understand the mechanisms involved in the propagation form, type of seed reserve, development and phenotypic plasticity of the species in relation to environmental conditions.
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    Efeito da exposição a alta luminosidade no desempenho fotoquímico de Cattleya guttata (CAM) e Miltonia spectabilis (C3) - Orchidaceae
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-04-14) Marcarini, Lourdes; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Silva, Érica Duarte; Aoyama, Elisa Mitsuko
    Cattleya guttata Lindl. and Miltonia spectabilis Lindl. (Orchidaceae) are epiphytes that have carbon fixation metabolism CAM and C3 respectively. The light directly influences the growth and development of plants. However, excess, can cause the light photoinhibition, which, depending on the intensity of damage in the photosynthetic apparatus can be dynamic or chronic. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the photochemical performance in C. guttata and M. spectabilis exposed to high brightness at different time intervals. Thus, plants grown in a greenhouse (220 ± 9,3 µmol m-2 s -1) were transferred to open, in irradiance 2330 ± 76 µmol m-2 s -1 for 5, 35 and 120 minutes (considered here as treatments T5, T35 and T120). Plants grown in the greenhouse were used as control. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence were made in the range of: -5 (measurement performed five hours prior to exposure of the plants to full sunlight). 0 (measured immediately performed after exposure of the plants to sunlight) and 1, 5, 19, 43 and 93 h (hours elapsed after exposure of the plants in order to assess recovery). We analyzed the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, the OJIP curves, L-band, K, and test parameters JIP. The concentration of photosynthetic pigments was higher in M. spectabilis, but this result did not give the species best photochemical performance against C. guttata. Curves with positive amplitude for the band L were obtained in both species in all treatments, indicating connectivity energy losses. It was observed, also, the appearance of K-band, with positive values T5 and T35 and negative at T120, showing a tendency of acclimatization oxygen evolving complex (OEC) to high light for both the CAM species as for the species C3. The values of the initial increase in fluorescence (F0) was accompanied by the reduction of the maximal fluorescence (Fm) and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in both species. The increase in the flux values of absorption of active reaction center (ABS/RC) was followed by increasing values of excitation energy dissipation flux (DI0/RC), suggesting mechanisms photoprotection. Reduced values of assets reaction centers per cross section (RC/CS0) and photochemical performance index [PI(total)] were observed in T35 and T120 in C. guttata, which occurred in M. spectabilis T120. In general, the observed changes in photosynthetic parameters in M. spectabilis were directly related to the time of exposure to sunlight, as well as the recovery time was proportional to the damage. For C. guttata, the absence of significant differences between T35 and T120 for most JIP test parameters analyzed suggests high light acclimation. The time required for the recovery of F0, Fm and Fv/Fm indicates the occurrence of dynamic photoinhibition and chronic in T35 and T120, respectively, for both species. Damage to the photosynthetic apparatus were more severe in M. spectabilis due to the increased time required for the recovery of photosynthetic parameters evaluated