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- ItemAlterações no perfil proteico do ventrículo esquerdo de ratos após tratamento com óleo de soja: um estudo proteômico(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-03) Soprani, Taisla; Figueiredo, Suely Gomes de; 1º membro da bancaSeveral studies show that consumption of vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has beneficial health effects by preventing or reducing the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. While the demonstration of the beneficial effects of the consumption of unsaturated fatty acids on the cardiovascular system has been proven in macroscopic level, the molecular/cellular mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are poorly understood. In this work a comparative proteomic approach, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D) coupled to mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF / TOF) was applied to investigate the rats heart proteome differences (left ventricle - LV) that not received (control group - CT) and received 0.1mL of soybean oil intramuscularly for 15 days (treated group - TR). Soybean oil treatment induced improvement in left ventricular function, and a significant change in LV proteome in the TR animals. The TR animals present a lower value of LVEDP. The protein profile of VE revealed differences in the expression of 60 protein spots (p<0.05) between CT and TR groups, 14 of these were identified by MS and MS / MS, being 12 non-redundant proteins. Robust changes were detected in proteins involved in muscular contraction, structural and antioxidant system. The TR group presented an increase in intensity of proteins involved in muscle contraction (myosin light chain 3-(3-MCL), creatine kinase M (CKM)) and tireodoxina antioxidant enzyme. Low intensity cytoskeletal protein, desmin, was detected. The differences in the intensity levels of these spots-related proteins in TR group, might be linked to improvement in left ventricular function.
- ItemAnálise da precisão e da aplicabilidade do consumo de oxigênio de reserva durante o exercício aeróbio contínuo nas intensidades de 50% a 80% do consumo máximo de oxigênio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-03-27) Santos, Miguel Angelo Alves dos; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da bancaThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the applicability of oxygen consumption reserve (VO2R) in the prescription of continuous aerobic exercise for the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) intensities of 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. Following ergoespirometry, the physical training speeds corresponding to 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2R were calculated using the equation proposed by ACSM for running and walking in 60 volunteers – 30 males and 30 females – aged 23 ± 3.4 and 21.7 ± 4.1 respectively. After the calculations were done, the volunteers performed continuous aerobic exercise (running or walking) for 30 minutes in a random sequence of the said intensities with intervals of 48 hours between them. During the exercise performance, oxygen consumption was collected. The VO2 consumption collected during the aerobic exercise was called measured oxygen consumption reserve (VO2Rm) for the purpose of comparing VO2R calculations with VO2 consumption at the same exercise intensity. The criteria used for determining the equation accuracy were the following: a) Student’s t test; b) evaluation of the correlation coefficient; c) analysis of estimate standard error of the inclination of the straight line of linear regression. The level of significance used was p< 0.05. Data demonstrated that VO2R and VO2Rm were similar in all intensities. However, the VO2R median values were always higher at each intensity studied than those of VO2Rm (3.4%, 4.2%, 9.2%, and 2.2% in the male group and 9.9%, 3.3%, 7.7%, and 9.7 % in the female group). There was no significant difference between the heart rate measured in the blood lactate (BL) and the heart rate at 70% of HRmaxE and 70% of HRmaxM. The heart rate values prescribed indirectly 85% of HRmaxE and 85% of HRmaxM underestimate the heart rate in the RCP by approximately 6.5% (male group) and 9.1% (female group). The VO2 values prescribed indirectly overestimate by approximately 36.7% (male group) and 66.3% (female group) when VO2 at 60% of the estimated oxygen maximal consumption (VO2maxE) is used and by 18% when VO2 at 60% of VO2maxM is used compared to VO2 values in BL, both groups. There was no significant difference between VO2 in RCP and VO2 at 80% of VO2maxM; however, VO2 in RCP was approximately 9.2% higher in the male group and 6.5% lower in the female group. We came to the conclusion that the oxygen consumption reserve equation demonstrates a good correlation with the VO2 consumed during continuous aerobic exercise; however, the said equation tends to overestimate the aerobic exercise intensity mainly in individuals with poor physical condition. Moreover, the use of both VO2maxE and HRmaxE overestimates the values found, which may predispose to a premature metabolic acidosis, and, as a result of that, cause an overload to the cardio-vascular system. The results suggest that adequate prescriptions of intensities for aerobic exercising are more efficient and safer when determined by ergoespirometry.
- ItemEfeito da doença peridontal sobre a reatividade vascular de camundongos ateroscleróticos (APOE-/-)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-12-15) Pereira, Raquel Binda; Stefanon, Ivanita; Meyrelles, Silvana dos Santos; 1º membro da bancaPeriodontal disease was induced in mice by oral Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) inoculation to compare changes in vascular reactivity from animals without atherosclerosis (C57BL/6), animals with moderate atherosclerosis (ApoE) and animals with advanced atherosclerosis (ApoE D). The alveolar bone resorption was similar between the groups (P>0,05). In vitro preparations of mesenteric arteriolar bed were used to determine the vascular responses to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside – induced relaxation were similar in the all groups (P>0,05). The maximal response to phenylephrine increased in the all groups, when compared to controls (C57 CT: 78,6 ± 2,7 vs C57 Pg: 92 ± 5,5; ApoE CT: 98 ± 5 vs ApoE Pg: 119 ± 6,5; ApoE D CT: 97 ± 7 vs ApoE D Pg: 120 ± 6 mmHg; P<0,05). This study demonstrates that periodontal disease increases the reactivity to phenylephrine in mice systemically healthy, with moderate atherosclerosis and with advanced atherosclerosis. Additionally to increased reactivity to phenylephrine, the periodontal disease exacerbated the systemic inflammation in mice with advanced atherosclerosis (neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio. ApoE D CT: 0,30 ± 0,04 vs ApoE D Pg: 2,37 ± 0,23, P<0,05).
- ItemExposição a baixa concentração de HgCl2 durante 30 dias deprime a contratilidade miocárdica e promove disfunção coronariana em ratos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-11-25) Furieri, Lorena Barros; Vassallo, Dalton Valentim; 1º membro da bancaExposure to mercury is known to increase cardiovascular risk but the underlying mechanisms are not well explored. We analysed whether chronic exposure to low mercury doses affects endothelial modulation of the coronary circulation and cardiac function. Left coronary arteries and hearts from male Wistar rats treated with either HgCl2 (first dose 4.6 mg·kg-1, subsequent doses 0.07 mg·kg-1 day-1, 30 days IM) or vehicle were used. Endothelial cells from pig coronary arteries incubated with HgCl2 were also used. Mercury treatment increased 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction but reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation. It also reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the effects of NO synthase inhibition with L-NAME (100 mmol/L) on 5-HT and acetylcholine responses. Superoxide anion production and mRNA levels of NOX-1 and NOX-4 were all increased. The superoxide anion scavenger tiron (1 mmol/L) and SOD (150 U/mL) reduced 5-HT responses only in vessels from mercury-treated rats. Tiron (1 mmol/L) and apocynin (0.3 mmol/L) increased acetylcholine responses in treated group. In mercury-treated coronary arteries SOD-2 mRNA level was increased. The inhibitor of COX, indomethacin (10 µmol/L), decreased 5-HT responses and increased acetylcoline responses in treated group. Also, the inhibitor of calciumdependent potassium channels, TEA (2 mmol/L), enhanced 5-HT responses in mercury exposure animals. In isolated hearts from mercury-treated rats, coronary perfusion and diastolic pressure were unchanged, but developed isovolumetric systolic pressure was reduced. In these hearts, L-NAME increased coronary perfusion pressure and diastolic pressure, while it further reduced developed systolic pressure. Also, reduced protein expression of SERCA and phosphorylated phospholamban on serine 16 while phospholamban expression increased; as a consequence SERCA/phospholamban ratio reduced; reduced sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) protein expression and α-1 isoform of NKA, whereas α-2 isoform of NKA did not change; cardiac eNOS and iNOS were reduced. Chronic exposure to low doses of mercury promotes endothelial dysfunction of coronary arteries, as shown by decreased NO bioavailability induced by increased oxidative stress. These effects on coronary function increase resistance to flow, which under overload conditions might cause ventricular contraction and relaxation impairment. These findings provide further evidence that mercury, even at low doses, could be an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- ItemTratamento com alta dose de atorvastatina melhora a função endotelial em ratos diabéticos por diminuição de ROS(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-24) Simões, Fabiana Vieira; Batista, Priscila Rossi de; Vassallo, Dalton Valentim; 1º membro da bancaBecause previous studies have conflicting results regarding the effects of statin treatment in diabetes mellitus (DM), the aim of this research was to investigate how treatment with high-dose atorvastatin affects the vascular function in diabetic rats. Wistar rats weighing 220 to 250g, were divided into four groups:1) control group treated only with the vehicle carboxymethylcellulose (Ct); 2) control group treated with atorvastatin 80 mg / kg / day (Ct+At); 3) diabetic group induced by streptozotocin (STZ) treated only with the vehicle carboxymethylcellulose (Db); and 4) diabetic group induced by STZ treated with atorvastatin (Db+At). The treatment was done during four weeks, daily, via gavage. Aortic segments were used to investigate the vascular reactivity, the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and subunit NOX1, and superoxide anions levels. It has been observed that treatment with atorvastatin did not affect glycemia levels in none of the groups. In the diabetic rats, reactivity vascular response to phenylephrine increased when compared to control groups, and treatment with atorvastatin reduced this response in diabetic rats. Removal of the endothelium increased response to phenylephrine in control rats but not in diabetic group; atorvastatin increased endothelial modulation in these rats. The L-NAME (100 uM) increased reactivity in all groups, but this effect was greater in diabetic rats treated with atorvastatin. Indomethacin (10 uM) and NS398 (1mM) decreased the contractile response in diabetic rats and atorvastatin reversed these effects without affecting COX-2 expression. The apocynin (30mM) decreased the response of phenylephrine in diabetic rats, which also showed increased NOX1 and superoxide anion; these effects were prevented by atorvastatin treatment. The results suggest that treatment with high dose of atorvastatin, regardless of glycemia reduces vascular injury and improves endothelial function in aorta from diabetic rats by reducing prostanoids constrictor 2 derivatives. Furthermore, reduced oxidative stress by HADPH oxidase and a possible increased in nitric oxide contribution.