Ciências Florestais

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17465

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais

Centro: CCAE
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URL do programa: http://www.cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 20

Árvores frutíferas funcionais da floresta atlântica: diversidade fenotípica e molecular, composição hormonal, nutricional e antioxidante em Lecythis pisonis E Lecythis lanceolata
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-21) Araujo, Caroline Palacio de; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000000202592543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424851890250661 ; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Souza, Tercio da Silva de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6667-1806; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9780399462621871; Lopes, Jose Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1183524198654764
The species Lecythis pisonis Cambess. and Lecythis lanceolata Poir. (Lecythidaceae), are chestnut trees native to the Atlantic Forest, whose seeds are food sources for fauna and humans. To study the biometric, hormonal and chemical characteristics of seeds, their effects on seedling emergence and vigor, as well as seedling phenotyping and molecular diversity between L. pisonis and L. lanceolata matrices. In the first study, the biometry and hormonal levels of the seeds, emergence and vigor seedling, seedling phenotyping, molecular analysis and genetic divergence were analyzed from each matrix. The statistical analyzes consisted of a Tukey test (p>0.05), generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2), molecular diversity, correlation and genetic diversity by the UPGMA method (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic). The L. pisonis species, the Lp1 and Lp2 matrices, reached the highest percentages of emergence and annual fruit production (200 and 300 fruits) and the Lp2 reached the highest mass of endosperm. L. lanceolata trees have a smaller size, facilitating fruit harvesting, a lower AIA/ZT ratio in the seed endosperm and a high capacity for seedling sprouting. The Ll6 matrix achieved a high fruit production (126 fruits) and Ll3 the highest mass of the endosperm. MeJA was negatively correlated with seedling growth and dry matter accumulation and there was also an antagonistic action between ZTe and ABAt for L. lanceolata. The seed tegument of both species accumulates high concentrations of ABA. There is a high genetic variability between the species studied, and a low genetic variability within the species. In the second study, the nutritional levels in chestnuts, leaves and soil (20 and 40 cm) and total phenolics, condensed tannins, anthocyanins, flavonols and antioxidant potential 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) were analyzed in tegument and endosperm of chestnuts, consisting of three triplicates. The statistics consisted of a descriptive analysis (Box Plot), Scott-Knott average cluster test, correlation by the UPGMA method and analysis of main components for the nutritional elements of the chestnut, soil and leaf. Chestnuts (endosperm) of the species L. pisonis and L. lanceolata are rich sources of macronutrients and micronutrients, with the antioxidant power of the seeds being higher in the tegument when compared to the endosperm. The matrices Lp1, Lp2, Lp3, Lp4 and Lp6 of L. pisonis and Ll1, Ll2, Ll4, Ll6 of L. lanceolata have adequate concentrations of selenium that allow the consumption of a chestnut day-1. For L. pisonis the antioxidant power (DPPHe) of the endosperm (edible part) is mainly related to the contents of FTe. For L. lanceolata the antioxidant power of the tegument (DPPHt) increases due to the presence of TCt.
Conservação ex situ e tolerância à dessecação em sementes de Lecythis pisonis cambess
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-23) Araujo, Caroline Palacio de; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-2543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424851890250661; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1183524198654764; Pereira, Wilson Vicente Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2641981653845321; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Maciel, Khétrin Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545
Plants are sessile life forms, which makes them more susceptible to environmental temperature variations, especially during their reproduction and adaptation. Germination is a sensitive and crucial stage in the life cycle of seed-producing plants and occurs within temperature ranges suitable for the species. The objective of this study was to investigate fixed temperatures and thermal shocks at different exposure times on the physiology of seeds and initial growth of L. pisonis seedlings. Vigor, emergence, seedling growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll a and b index, maximum PS II quantum yield, oxidative stress enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and DNA methylation in seedlings were evaluated. In experiment 1, L. pisonis seeds exposed to thermal shock 30-45 °C (20 h/4 h) showed high seedling emergence (88%), vigor, and an efficient antioxidant system, with increased activity of SOD, CAT, and APX enzymes. This same treatment showed high concentrations of H2O2, indicating that it may have acted as a signaling molecule favoring seedling emergence. It was also observed in experiment 1 that fixed temperatures of 40, 45, and 50 °C led to loss of seed viability, and that high temperatures for long periods caused decreased vigor, seed deterioration, damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (PS II), and formation of seedlings with absent root systems. In experiment 2, it was observed that the treatment 30-45 °C (21 h/3 h) achieved high percentages of emergence (84%) and vigor in a short period of time (23 days), corroborating with the results of experiment 1. This treatment also provided high activity of SOD, CAT, and APX, evidencing an efficient antioxidant system. In experiment 2, it was observed that the quality of seedlings was affected in the thermal shock 30-45 °C when exposed at a temperature of 45 °C for 5, 6, and 7 hours. It is concluded from this study that L. pisonis seeds do not tolerate long exposure to high temperatures, however, they express greater vigor and seedling emergence when subjected to short periods of time under these conditions. Thermal shock 30-45 °C at exposure times 20 h/4 h and 21 h/3 h are suggested as optimal for the emergence of L. pisonis seedlings.
Crescimento de mudas clonais de Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg em diferentes regimes térmicos, concentração de CO2 e níveis de água no solo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-31) Costa, Erilva Machado; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Tatagiba, Sandro Dan; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira
The intensification of human activities has resulted in significant increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, including changing the thermal regimes and hence the water balance and can influence the growth of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial growth and determine physiological patterns of rubber tree clones under adverse weather conditions. For this two experiments were established in order to assess the influence of CO2 concentrations and different water regimes in contrasting microclimates. The studies were carried out in air-conditioned greenhouses, with controlled temperature and relative humidity, belonging to the Meteorological Laboratory Ecophysiology and Forestry of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in the city of Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. In the study presented in Chapter I, two clones of H. brasiliensis (RRIM 600 and FX 3864) were evaluated under microclimate conditions and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 contrasting. Thus, two experiments were set up, one for each clone, following a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial design (two microclimate conditions x two concentrations of CO2) with six repetitions, each repetition consisting of a plant. For controlling CO2 concentrations, we used open-top chambers (OTC - Open Top Chambers) with automatic control of CO2 injection, allocated within two greenhouses acclimatized between the months of September to December. In the study presented in chapter II, two clones of H. brasiliensis (RRIM 600 and FX 3864) were evaluated under microclimate conditions and different water regimes between the months of September to November. Thus, two experiments were set up, one for each clone, following a completely randomized design in a 2x2 factorial design (two water regimes x two microclimate conditions), with five replications, each replication consisted of a plant. The available water in the substrate was determined by using data obtained water retention curve in the soil and, from these data it was established volume of water for each water system. The water control was performed by daily weighing vessel, using a precision balance. At the end of each experiment was performed plant growth analysis by obtaining the total dry matter and its partitions, as well as leaf area, leaf specific area. To evaluate the physiological responses of plants, there was gas exchange measurements and quantification of photosynthetic pigments content for both experiments. Furthermore, for the experiment Chapter I, of the gas exchange measurements for curve fitting were performed A/FFFA and A/Ci to obtain photosynthetic parameters. The data from the two experiments were subjected to analysis of variance, and when significant, the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Clones showed higher growth, higher net assimilation rates of CO2 and intrinsic efficiency of water use by increasing the concentration of CO2, regardless of microclimates. Using the variables growth and physiological responses is evident in this study that the rubber tree clones, RRIM 600 and FX 3864, have a greater sensitivity to microclimate conditions with low air demand, independent of [CO2]. Since, through the analysis of the curves A/FFFA and A/Ci, clones have higher photosynthetic performance in response to light when kept under high atmospheric demand. The reduction of 50% of available water in the soil for the clones RRIM 600 and FX 3864, was sufficient to reduce growth, demonstrating high susceptibility of clones to drought. However, the clone FX 3864 was more tolerant to reduced water availability compared to the RRIM 600 clone.
Degradação de reservas bioquímicas e hormonais durante a germinação in vitro de sementes imaturas e poliaminas associadas ou não ao picloram na embriogênese somática de Euterpe edulis martius
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-28) Costa, Joana Silva; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/000000018061822X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5613020286179958; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-4342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3457-7997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648502408490406
Euterpe edulis Martius, popularly known as juçara, belongs to the Arecaceae family, is native to the Atlantic Forest, and is included in the Brazilian List of Endangered Species. This species is single-stemmed, has propagation exclusively by seeds, recalcitrant seeds and slow germination, factors that lead to the risk of extinction due to the characteristics of the source of propagule and palm heart harvest, and justify the search for alternative methods of propagation. Therefore, knowledge about the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes that this species undergoes throughout its germination process is very important, as well as somatic embryogenesis that appears in this scenario as a viable option, enabling the generation of numerous plants from just an explant. Chapter 1 portrays the degradation of juçara seed reserves during germination (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120, 180 days after germination), in which morphophysiological and biochemical analyzes were submitted. It was observed in this experiment that, while the dry mass of the seeds was reduced, there was an increase in the morphological variables of the seedlings. All reserves were degraded over the period under analysis, however, proteins were metabolized and consumed before carbohydrates, starches and lipids, indicating the importance of the first reserve cited in germination and subsequent ones in seedling growth. Other reserves such as fibers and lignin are closely related to the acquisition of mechanical strength by seedling structures. Even during the post-germination period, the hormones zeatin, indoleacetic acid, and abscisic acid were detected, which are related to the start of germination, and with inhibitory effects, such as zeatin on abscisic acid in the regulation of dormancy. It was also observed the hormonal precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, which is also related to germination, the polyamines (spermine, spermidine x and putrescine), which are linked to the development of the embryo, and the amino acid proline, which works as an inhibitor of germination. In summary, the increase in the average values of the efficiency of use of reserves that occurs together with the decrease in the dry mass of the seeds, affirm that the endospermic reserves are translocated to the vegetative axis, and promote the germination and the growth of the seedlings of E. edulis. In addition, haustorial atrophy signals the end of the degradation period of these reserves, which is marked by a significant increase in moisture and a reduction in seed dry mass. Chapter 2 depicts the induction and maturation of somatic embryogenesis of stem segments of E. edulis, whose treatments were different concentrations of spermine or spermidine (0, 50, 100 and 150 μM) combined or not with picloram (150 μM), and the polyamines were subdivided into two experiments. Spermidine (150 μM) showed the highest number of somatic embryos, a larger zone of embryo formation, in addition to intense procambial and meristematic formation, evidencing the requirement of this polyamine during the histodifferentiation of somatic embryos of E. edulis. Finally, the somatic globular embryos (emblings) formed presented asynchronous development, and the presence or absence of basal cells of the globose body, resembling the zygotic embryo suspensor, which refers to its variable origin (uni or multicellular).
Desenvolvimento, maturação e germinação in vitro de sementes, e embriogênise somática de Euterpe edulis Martius
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-28) Mello, Tamyris de; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000000311895404; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9519462640256364; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; https://orcid.org/http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-4969; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Carvalho, Virginia Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-286X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3199872902054955; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648502408490406
The species Euterpe edulis Martius, is a palm belonging to the Arecaceae family, popularly known as juçara, it is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest. In recent decades this palm tree has been exploited for its palm heart, and the fact that it grows and propagates solely by seeds, the species is threatened with extinction. Its seeds are recalcitrant and its germination is slow and uneven, making it necessary to study the maturation process and another propagation technique. Therefore, the objective was to analyze seed maturation, twinning and seedling formation, in line with the development of somatic embryogenesis protocols. For this, seeds were collected during the maturation of different matrices, analyzing morphological, physiological, biochemical and physicochemical characteristics at each stage. For somatic embryogenesis, immature zygotic embryos and seedling stem segments were used as explants in a culture medium supplemented with different growth regulators at each stage, such as dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid (triclopyr), 3,6-dichloro-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (clopyralyd), abscisic acid (ABA), 1 -naphthaleneacetic acid (ANA), 2-isopentenyladenine (2-iP), in different concentrations. At the end of each stage of somatic embryogenesis, quantitative and qualitative characteristics were analyzed. The time required for the maturation of E. edulis seeds depends on the region and the environmental conditions of each year. The seeds have sufficient reserves and physical-chemical structure that allow their maximum in vitro germination, vigor and formation of normal seedlings still at an immature stage. Embryogenic induction was efficient with the use of picloram (150 µM) or triclopyr (100 µM) in zygotic embryos, and the use of longitudinally sectioned segments and stems, with the wound positioned upwards in the culture medium, of six-month-old seedlings, and picloram (200 µM). The maturation of somatic embryos was effective with the use of ABA (5 µM) for both types of explants. Therefore, it was possible to conclude with the study of seed maturation the best stage for use in in vitro germination and obtaining normal seedlings, with a gain of up to 126 days compared to the use of the last stage of maturation. And the technique of somatic embryogenesis is promising and efficient in the propagation of E. edulis.
Diversidade genética, comportamento morfofisiológico e status nutricional de Lecythis pisonis Cambess
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-27) Rosa, Thuanny Lins Monteiro; Schmildt, Edilson Romais; Lopes, José Carlos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Maciel, Khétrin Silva; Oliveira, João Paulo Beteste de
The sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis Cambess.) is a tree of the family Lecythidaceae, which produces edible, tasty and nutritious nuts, besides having ornamental and logging potential. However, its resources are still underutilized, as it is appreciated and known only in local communities. The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity by means of juvenile characteristics and molecular markers, the morphological and nutritional status of sapucaia nuts. The seeds of the 21 sapucaia matrices were submitted to biometric, chemical and physiological evaluations. The seeds were also submitted to X-rays for the internal study of the seed and determination of the density. For the nutritional status of nuts, selenium, macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were extracted. We analyzed the phenotypic divergence by means of the heat map of 27 characteristics and molecular, by the ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) marker, by means of 96 primers, of which 13 were selected for the characterization of the bulk samples of the matrices of sapucaia. The dies 5; 8 and 21 are the most phenotypically divergent, mainly by the amount of potassium and phosphorus in matrix 5, manganese in 8 and selenium in 21, however, the others also did not present similarity. The characteristics that contributed the most to the genetic divergence, in descending order, were: Se> TME> Germination> Fe> Emergence. Of the 74 loci produced by the 13 selected primers, 71 were polymorphic, ie 96.7% polymorphism, evidencing high genetic divergence. In the genetic diversity of the sapucaia matrices the percentage of polymorphism found in the 20 samples is high (96.7%). The nuts of the 21 sapucaia matrices did not present toxic levels of selenium, macro and micronutrients. The matrices 8 (175.4 µg g-1 ) and 20 (71.2 µg g-1 ) were selected by the amount of manganese and iron in the nuts, respectively. The content of selenium in the nuts of sapucaia ranged from 0.10 (matrix 11) to 32.40 µg g-1 (matrix 21), and the matrix 21 was selected because it supplied 225 µg of Se, on average, with a recommendation for consumption ¼ of its nuts. The values of density obtained by X- ray image analysis were on average 4% different from those obtained in the laboratory. This new methodology makes it possible to determine the density precisely and faster than conventional. The inferior or hilo region and the upper region, where the protrusion of the primary root and the hypocotyl, respectively, present the interrupted tegument, with density around 0.2 g cm-3 . Sapucaia germination is uneven, slow and reaches a maximum of 63%, with emphasis on matrix 11, with greater vigor.
Ecophysiological aspects of production of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. seedlings
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-27) Simões, Ingridh Medeiros; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-9349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1675759323773218; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Maciel, Khetrin Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-4016 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482
The species Melanoxylon brauna Schott. is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to its high level of logging and lack of replanting. Numerous problems are attributed to this species, such as obtaining and viability of seeds, as it is attractive to predators; production of seedlings on a commercial scale in nurseries, due to the substrate used in their propagation, fertilization and excess water, which leads to death. The objective of this work is to analyze the survival and quality of M. brauna seedlings when produced in different soil/substrate compositions, aiming to define the optimal soil/substrate relationship for large-scale seedling production. The soil close to the mother tree (T3) was the one that showed the greatest growth of seedlings after 150 days of setting up the experiment. The orthogonal contrast shows that the underground land (T2) is different for treatments 4; 5; 6 and 7, which have soil close to the matrix in the substrate mixture, which is associated with the activity of the enzymes APX, CAT, POD and SOD. The soil enzymes β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase showed high activity in the organic substrate (T1), followed by the soil close to the parent tree (T3), suggesting that these enzymes are important biochemical markers for evaluating soil quality, however, it is not sufficient to maintaining the survival of seedlings in the organic substrate. For the production of M. brauna seedlings, it is recommended to use 100% soil close to the braúna parent tree. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate whether the interaction with specific microorganisms, or some metabolite produced by them, by the plant and/or this interaction, are responsible for this survival of M. brauna seedlings
Efeito dos tutores de madeira tratada com CCA-C na qualidade da pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) cultivada no norte do estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-31) Rosa, Arlon Bastos da; Paes, Juarez Benigno; https://orcid.org/0000000347764246; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3454401627877927; https://orcid.org/0000000161335988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0436776646557918; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Medeiros Neto, Pedro Nicó de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-0050; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6441001734932075; Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5239-9592; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3160416445274012; Lopez, Yonny Martinez
The objective of the research was to analyze the effects of using wooden stakes treated with chromated copper arsenate, type C (CCA-C) on the quality of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) cultivated in the north of the State of Espírito Santo. To evaluate the concentration of copper, chromium and arsenic elements, components of CCA-C, samples were collected from underground roots, green and mature fruits of plants aged 5; 7 and 13 years, plus the control (5-year-old plants, untreated wooden tutor). For the quantification of the elements, the material was dried, crushed and digested in a 2N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, and submitted to chemical analysis in mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS/MS), using helium (He), as a collision gas. The results indicated that copper was found in higher concentrations in plants, being more adsorbed by underground roots, with a decrease in green and ripe fruits. Chromium behaved similarly to copper, and arsenic did not show differences between the analyzed ages, being with a concentration lower than that allowed by the Resolution of the Collegiate Board - RDC 26, June 2nd, 2015, of the Brazilian Health Ministry. For plants aged 5 and 7 years (treated tutors) copper concentration was observed above the maximum allowed. However, copper concentrations in mature fruits from plants aged 13 years were within acceptable values. Thus, fruits of different ages and plant staking must be mixed and homogenized in order to obtain a good quality product that can be consumed without major consequences to human health.
Fisiologia de sementes e metabolismo antioxidativo na emergência de Lecythis pisonis Cambess: inferências sobre temperatura ótima e aptidão climática para a semeadura
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-24) Rosa, Thuanny Lins Monteiro; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000000169796914; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0592594032973709 ; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-3701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4212047276110003 ; Freitas, Allan Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3436114117792924 ; Maciel, Khetrin Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545
The climate changes registered in the last decades have triggered a severe loss of biodiversity. High temperatures induce a high reproductive effort of trees that is not translated into high production of viable seeds. The temperature is one of the most important climatic factors to the germination and emergence of seedlings and in this way to identify the adequate one is a preponderant factor for the physiological quality of the seed and seedlings. The species L. pisonis is a promising tree, with economic and ecological relevance, whose propagation in a controlled environment is not yet established. In this context, the objective was to find the optimal temperature for emergence, to analyze the effect of different temperatures on the biochemistry and antioxidant enzymes of the seeds and the climatic aptitude for the sowing of L. pisonis. For this, the seeds of this species were submitted to 10 different temperatures in germination chambers. Germination, vigor and phenotyping of seedlings, biochemistry, oxidative stress enzymes, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were analyzed in intact seeds and at 10 and 20 days of germination process. The lethal and optimal temperatures for the emergence of L. pisonis seedlings are 20, 20-25 and 30-35 °C, respectively. The amount of hydrogen peroxide at 10 days is reduced along with an increase in the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes at a temperature of 30-35 °C. The highest amount of lipids found in the seeds of L. pisonis at 10 days is at 30-35 °C, which promotes seedlings with higher quality. The optimal temperature found in the work is confirmed with the temperature range of the places where L. pisonis occurs. Sapucaia sowing is recommended according to maximum and minimum temperatures during the months of August to December in the Atlantic Forest (Espírito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte) and in the Amazon region (Maranhão, Tocantins, Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Roraima and Acre).
Germinação e morfogênese in vitro de Melanoxylon brauna Schott
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Silva, Elisa Regina da; Lopes, José Carlos; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Carvalho, Virginia Silva; Schmildt, Edilson Romais
Melanoxylon brauna, a Fabaceae native to Brazil threatened with extinction, is commonly propagated sexually, a low seed production is a problem in seedling production. Plant tissue culture is an alternative to the maintenance of braúna germplasm banks. However, there are few studies aimed at an in vitro propagation of braúna. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro germination and morphogenesis of Melanoxylon brauna by means of the organogenesis of juvenile explants. Chapter I. Experiments I and II: Seeds were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and Captan® 2% p.a. with and without residue, by different immersion rates, respectively. The following were analyzed: contamination; germination and normal and abnormal seedlings. Experiment III: Biotest of phytotoxicity of captana in lettuce. Lettuce seeds were exposed in Petri dishes with 2.5 mL Captan® at 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 8% wt. an.; 0.01% glyphosate and distilled water. Germination; length of seedlings; cell cycle; nuclear and chromosomal alterations of the cells of the meristem root. The use of NaClO is not efficient in disinfestation of braúna seeds. Captan® for 10 minutes with residue, being efficient in disinfestation, allowed the seeds to express superior results of germination and vigor, however, showed toxicity and its mechanism of action in the lettuce cell cycle is clastogenic and aneugenic, which suggests the formation of abnormal seedlings in braúna. Chapter II. Three experiments were carried out: I. Proliferation of axillary buds with explants apex caulinar; nodal segment with axillary bud; nodal segment with two axillary buds and cotyledonary node in BAP (0; 4.44; 8.88; 17.76 and 26.64 µM). It was analyzed: number and length of shoots; percentage of budding explants; percentage of calogenesis and percentage of shoots by direct and indirect organogenesis. II. In vitro rhizogenesis of shoots with IBA, ANA and 2,4-D (0; 1; 2 and 3 mg L-1); III. In vitro rhizogenesis of shoots with temporary 10 immersion in AIB (0; 1000; 2000; 3000 and 4000 mg L-1). The percentage of calogenesis and rhizogenesis was analyzed; number, length and dry mass of the roots. The nodal segment with two axillary buds was more responsive in BAP cauligenesis (8.88 µM). The auxin concentrations of IBA, ANA and 2,4-D were not favorable for rhizogenesis. The IBA at concentrations of 2544.81 and 2607.52 mg L-1 promoted superior results in rhizogenesis.
Germinação ex vitro e potencial organogênico e embriogênico in vitro de Lecythis pisonis cambess
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-26) Paulucio, Márcia Cristina; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; Lopes, José Carlos
The species Lecythis pisonis cambess belonging to Lecythidaceae, has ornamental, fruit, timber potential and can be used in reforestation, as well as producing tasty nuts rich in protein and minerals. Studies of propagation techniques sexual and asexual forest species play an important role in scientific research, aiming at the preservation and use of these species with diversified interests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ex vitro germination of seeds subjected to different methods of scarification and evaluate the in vitro establishment and organogenic potential and embryogenic the species L. pisonis. Initially for ex vitro germination of the study evaluated the length, width and thickness of seeds. Then the seeds were submitted to the following pre-germination treatments: intact seeds (control); mechanical scarification; chemical scarification with sulfuric acid (98%) for 30, 60 and 90 minutes and complete removal of the seed coat. Were evaluated, the emergence percentage (E%); emergence speed index (EVI) and relative frequency of emergency (Fr). The intact seeds and immersed to H2SO4 for 30, 60 and 90 minutes were radiographed by X-ray equipment (X QDP-01X) and analyzed the chemical wear caused by H2SO4 in the seed coat and this treatment caused some damage to the seed. At the end of the experiment was carried out the morphological characterization of seedlings and calculated the percentage of polyembryony seeds scarified mechanically. It was observed that L. pisonis seeds have integumentary dormancy and the most effective treatment to overcome this dormancy was mechanical scarification, with a higher percentage of emergence and vigor of seedlings formed. The x-ray pattern showed that the chemical scarification caused no damage to the seed endosperm and embryo, furthermore, the chemical desgate the integument was proportional to the time of immersion of seeds in sulfuric acid. The seeds of L. pisonis presented 25% polyembryony. Also evaluated the in vitro establishment and the organogenic and embryogenic potential of the species under 9 study. The explants used to establish in vitro were no seed tegument L. pisonis, which were inoculated in WPM medium without growth regulators and maintained in growth room for 150 days. In this experiment were observed different morphogenic responses: Greening (63%), callus formation (84%), germination (8%), direct rizogenesis (4%) and indirect organogenesis (2%). For the induction of somatic embryogenesis were used segments sapucaia inoculated onto MS medium with the addition of growth regulators at different concentrations (0; 1,5, and 3,0 mg L-1 2,4-D), and cytokinin (0, 0,5 and 1,0 m L-1 KI). It was observed that these concentrations were not efficient for induction of somatic embryos. In vitro rooting induction of stem segments seedlings germinated in vitro were tested different concentrations of IBA (0,0;1,0; 2,0 and 3,0 mg L-1). We observed the formation of roots at all concentrations used except in the absence of auxin.
Ocorrências de seca e tendências da vegetação na reserva biológica de Sooretama e zona de amortecimento, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-07-08) Branco, Elvis Ricardo Figueira; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Santos, Aureo Banhos dos
The application of remote sensing techniques in time series have become a strong tool that have been highlighted in the scientific community by allow rapid and low cost evaluation, within an accuracy margin. Thus, the frequent recording of images by satellite sensors covering large areas of the Earth surface allows the construction and analysis of time series of vegetation data of different physiognomy, assisting in the dynamic study of vegetation and the spatial arrangement of different intensities drought event. The current study aimed to analyze drought occurrences and time spatial trends in vegetation and to link them to climate change from 2007 to 2015 in the Sooretama biological reserve and surroundings. For this, were used NDVI, EVI and LST images of MODIS sensor to time-spatial analysis of droughts, was used the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). Was calculated the Pearson's correlation between the mean values of vegetation index and climate variables in order to determine the most appropriate index for the study area and subsequent employment in the drought index VCI, used for monitoring drought. The drought occurrence images and graphics in severe and extreme classes were compared with the rainfall accumulated and its anomaly and water deficit accumulated and the anomaly for each season. In addition, was obtained the average, maximum and minimum values of VCI and related to the average, maximum and minimum values of LST through graphical analysis and regression. Then, was calculated the LST anomaly and crossed with the seasons that had higher drought extensions of greater severity. The analysis of the inter-annual trends of the time series of vegetation indexes were made through Mann-Kendal monotonic trend and seasonal trends analysis methodologies. The images were imported in .img format of TerrSet software, in wich was used the Earth Trends modeler module (ETM) for the trends analysis and processing of the behavior of vegetation indexes. It was created a time series file for each group of images, NDVI, EVI, in which each series consists of a pair of files: A scan file containing the time series images, in .rgf format and a documentation file that describes the temporal characteristics of the series in .tsf format. The results indicates that the EVI index of MODIS sensor showed higher significant correlations with the meteorological variables and great potential for drought occurrences analysis to regions with high density of biomass as native forests. In the years 2007, 2013 and 2015 occurred extreme and severe order drought in larger extensions compared to the other years. The VCI Index its presented suitable for drought occurrences monitoring in the study area, with temporal and spatial concordance with environmental variables and occurrences of El Niño. Over the period analyzed, it was found that there where a decrease of biomass observed in both vegetation indexes through of the negative trends observed in images time series, being more evident in the EVI. The natural forest areas showed the greatest decrease in vegetative vigor observed in the significance images. The annual average values of EVI and NDVI and its decrease over the years showed agreement with the rainfall decreasing and water stress increasing. The data obtained from the MODIS sensor, NDVI, EVI and LST, proved suitable to temporal-spatio analysis of drought occurrences and vegetation trends of the study area.
Parâmetros genéticos e caracterização do crescimento inicial de Euterpe edulis
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-25) Peres, Marcello Zatta; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000000180308619; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; Oliveira, Wagner Bastos dos Santos
Euterpe edulis Mart., popularly called juçara palm, is a species with an important ecological role in fruit production in the Atlantic Forest. The management of its fruits appears as a way to reduce the anthropic pressure caused by the search for its palm heart of high commercial value, since the species, with the cut of its stem, is unable to sprout. The objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of the species in the state of Espírito Santo and analyze its growth in the early stages, generating information for breeding studies and for seedling production. The fruits were collected in eight municipalities in the state at the point of fruit maturation. The variables of equatorial diameter (DEF), fresh fruit mass (MFF), fresh seed mass (MSS) was analyzed in the laboratory. The genomic DNA of 58 genotypes was extracted from samples of the cortex, with genotyping performed by eight species-specific codominant microsatellite markers. The emergence experiment was prepared in a completely randomized design (DIC), with four replications of 25 seeds of 68 genotypes, totaling 6800 seeds. At 153 days after sowing, the following were evaluated: percentage of emergence (E), emergence speed index (IVE), emergence rate (TME), seedling height (AP), and diameter at stem height (DAC). After these evaluations, approximately 3100 seedlings were transplanted into 280 cm³ tubes, with substrate: ¾ of Terra Nutri® + ¼ sand, and kept under 50% shade and irrigation five times a day for 12 minutes by micro sprinkler, for growth analysis. species start. In this period, analyzes were carried out at 50, 100, 150 and 262 days, of AP, DAC, shoot dry mass (MSPA), root dry mass (MSR), total dry mass (MST), Dickson quality index (IQD), with 558 seedlings in each evaluation period. On the 262nd day, the variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) in the largest leaf of each seedling was analyzed. The biometric characters of fruits and seeds (DEF, MFF, MFS) are the most efficient for distinguishing E. edulis genotypes, with the highest heritability values. Higher rg occurred among the biometric characters of fruits and seeds and among the growth parameters. The path analysis allowed us to observe the strong direct effect of the AFT variable on the IQD (0.775), as well as the strong indirect effect of the PA on the DAC (0.867). The Gompertz model proved to be effective in explaining the emergence behavior of the species, which presented rapid emergence in the first days, stabilizing the absolute emergence rate at 53 days. An average emergence of 45% was found, with matrices presenting values close to 100%. For all growth traits, low growth was observed until day 200, with a considerable increase until day 262 after transplanting. The results demonstrate a great variability among the individuals of the study population and the potential of the population to offer seeds for the propagation of seedlings.
Propagação de Paratecoma peroba por miniestaquia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-28) Araujo, Emanuel Franca; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000000176752493; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4127505406039950; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9090-6006; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7249840039562348; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000000252486773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; Klippel, Valeria Hollunder; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0990-9555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1423964721747306; Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-1191; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9814364455660638
The forest species Paratecoma peroba (Record and Mell) Kuhlm, belongs to the family Bignoniaceae, being native to the Atlantic Forest, presenting relevant ecological and economic interest. It has a restricted area of natural occurrence within the coastal forests of eastern Brazil. The beauty and quality of its wood has led to intense exploitation in the past, which culminated in the decline of the species' populations. It is currently in critical danger of extinction. The seeds of the species P. peroba lose their viability quickly, which restricts the production of seedlings. Due to the species' vulnerability, studies are needed to assess conservation methods and propagation alternatives. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the viability of the mini-cutting technique in the vegetative propagation of P. peroba. The experiments were carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences of the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering belonging to the Federal University of Espírito Santo, city of Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The thesis was structured in four chapters. In chapter 1, a vegetative propagation protocol via mini-cuttings was established for P. peroba. For this purpose, the influence of the substrate, indole-3butyric acid (IBA), the type of mini-cutting and leaf area on the rooting of mini-cuttings was analyzed. In chapter 2, the objective was to analyze the effect of substrates formulated based on different proportions of bovine manure in different volumes of tubes in the rooting and growth of P. peroba seedlings propagated by mini-cutting. In chapter 3, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different doses of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) on rooting, growth, photosynthetic metabolism and nutritional balance of P. peroba seedlings propagated by mini-cutting. In chapter 4, the objective was to analyze the influence of the environment and the mineral fertilization of potassium (K) on productivity, ecophysiology and nutrition of parent plants and the residual effect on rooting mini-cuttings. The results indicate that the species is capable of mini-cutting with up to 82.5% rooting. The substrate affects rooting, sand and other dense materials are not indicated. The IBA promotes linear reduction of rooting. The use of mini cuttings with 10 cm and 100% of the leaf area is recommended. The tube of 180 cm3, and the commercial substrate based on Pinus enriched with CRF in the dose 6 kg m-3 is efficient in the production of seedlings of the species. The results also show that higher temperatures, lower air humidity, higher DPV and atmospheric CO2 stimulate productivity and promote a better nutritional balance of parent plants. High humidity environments are not suitable for the cultivation of P. peroba parent plants. Mineral fertilization with K positively influences chlorophyll concentration and gas exchange. The environment and K did not influence the rooting percentage of the mini stakes of the species. These discoveries will guide conservation practices for P. peroba and the production of clones for commercial plantations.
Propagação vegetativa de Inga edulis Mart. por estaquia e miniestaquia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-26) Berude, Marciana Christo; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Callegaro, Rafael Marian; Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira
Vegetative propagation techniques, such as cuttings and minicutting, constitute an alternative to overcome difficulties in the sexual propagation. In particular, of species that present peculiar characteristics, like the Inga edulis, of production of recalcitrant seeds. In this way, the objective of this research was to analyze the potential of cuttings and leaf and minicutting as a method of vegetative propagation for Inga edulis and the influence of different concentrations of IBA(indol-3-butyric acid). The vegetative material used in the research was collected from adult plants, present in the arboretum of the experimental area of the Department of Forest and Wood Sciences (DCFM), in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro, and juvenile plants of the clonal mini garden formed in the same area. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, with different concentrations of IBA being tested. In the experiment we tested leaf and stem cuttings of adult matrices using seven concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000 and 32000 mg Kg-1 ), five replications for leaf cuttings and four replications for stem cuttings, and in both, each experimental unit was formed by ten stakes. In the experiment of juvenile matrices, it tested leaf and stem minicuttings using five concentrations of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg Kg -1 ), with five replicates and each experimental unit containing eight minicuttings. The staking was carried out in 55 cm3 filled with expanded vermiculite. After 45 days in greenhouse the percentage of cuttings and minicuts were analyzed, with callus and rooted. The number of roots, root length, dry shoot mass, root dry mass and total dry mass were also analyzed in leaf and stem minicuttings of juvenile matrices. The roots of the minicuttings were stored and later scanned in a scanner. The images were submitted to the SAFIRA program for surface area quantification and root diameter. The roots of the minicuttings were stored and later scanned in a scanner. The images were submitted to the SAFIRA program for surface area quantification and root diameter. The results indicate that the leaf and stem cuttings of adult matrices presented a low percentage of rooted cuttings, with callus and survival. It was verified that these experiments did not present statistically significant differences for the analyzed variables as a function of the IBA doses. The leaf and shoot minicuttings of juvenile matrices presented 100% survival, and rooting percentages above 70 and 85%, respectively. There was no significant effect for the variables analyzed in the leaf minicuttings treatments. It was observed that the different concentrations of IBA had no significant effect on rooting, callosity, survival, MSPA, MSR, MST and root length. The surface area, diameter and number of roots were significantly influenced by the addition of auxin. It was observed that the addition of 8000 mg Kg-1 AIB in minicuttings favors more vigorous roots and the rooting of minicuttings of Inga edulis can occur without the use of IBA.
Qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes e crescimento inicial de mudas Enterolobium maximum Ducke
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-22) Farias, Carla Caroline Magalhães; Lopes, José Carlos; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira
Enterolobium maximum Ducke is a Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) large size, typical of the Amazon Forest. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and physiological seed quality and seedling growth of Enterolobium maximum. The work was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and in the greenhouse at CCA/UFES in Alegre-ES. Seeds were collected from matrices in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. Were measured and / or assessed the length, width, thickness, initial moisture content, weight of 1000 seeds and number of seeds per kilogram. The imbibition curve of intact seeds and scarified by soaking in distilled water, on paper and roll paper, and volume of seeds in common, distilled and type I water was taken. To evaluate the overcoming of dormancy, the treatments were used: 1) intact seeds (control); 2) mechanical scarification; 3) mechanical scarification + GA3; 4) mechanical scarification + KNO3; 5) GA3; 6) H2SO4/10"; 7) H2SO410"+GA3; 8) H2SO4/10"+KNO3; 9) H2SO4/15"; 10) H2SO4/15"+GA3; 11) H2SO4/15"+KNO3. Emergence, index of germination speed, stem diameter, shoot length and roots, leaf area, dry masses and were evaluated roots. To study the initial growth of seedlings in different substrates Enterolobium maximum brightness and the seeds were mechanically scarified and sown in bags containing substrates: soil+biosolid, manure+soil+sand and soil+sand+substrate business (HS Forest®). The light intensities used were: 1165; 417.4; 140.32 and 57.82 micromol photons m-2 s -1 obtained with the aid of black shading screen 50% (polyolefin). Were evaluated: emergence, mean emergence time, survival, height, root length, stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight of shoot and root, Dickson quality index, chlorophyll content and ratio of chlorophyll a/b. In the study of the physiological quality of seeds subjected to water and salt stress osmotic agents CaCl2, KCl, NaCl and mannitol were used for potential 0.0 (control), -0.2; -0.4; -0.6; -0.8 and -1.0 MPa. The percentage of germination were evaluated, the rate of germination rate, the germination time, the relative frequency of germination, the percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings, the length of the shoot and root. According to the results of the seeds had an average length of 19.03 mm, 11.53 mm wide, 6.43 mm thick and 1.05 g of dough.The initial moisture content was 8.68% mass of 1000 seeds is 964.59 g, and containing on average 1037 seeds kg-1. The seeds show dormancy imposed by the impermeability of the integument. Mechanical scarification with sandpaper is an efficient method to overcome the tegumentary seed dormancy. The seedling growth is favored in an environment with luminosity of 417.4 micromol photons m-2 s -1. The substrate soil+commercial substrate (HS Forest®)+sand is the most recommended for the development of seedlings under scheme luminosity of 417.4 micromol photons m-2 s -1. The variation in brightness changes the index of total chlorophyll and the ratio of the rate of chlorophyll a / b of the plants leaves. Seed vigor decreased with reduced water potential of solutions from -0.2 MPa. The mannitol induced water stress is less severe than the salt stress with CaCl2, KCl and NaCl. The solutions of NaCl and CaCl2 determine toxicity in Enterolobium maximum seeds from -0.6 MPa.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de paineira em função do estádio de maturação, temperaturas cardinais e estresse salino
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-07-11) Lemes, Eliane de Queiroz; Lopes, José Carlos; Garcia, Giovanni de Oliveira; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira
The objective of this work to study the physiological maturity of seed cotton tree (Ceiba speciosa St. Hil.) In the highlands of the study Caparaó These germination of seeds under different temperatures and assess the germination behavior of seed cotton tree and the development of normal and abnormal seedlings under different conditions of salinity stress simulated with NaCl. The Studies Were Conducted in the mountainous region Caparaó municipality Guaçui - ES, where the trees Were Followed tagged on anthesis and the filling of fruit and seed development until it is fully ripe, fruit collection occurred weekly Conducted and Technology and the Laboratory of Seed Analysis Centre of Agricultural Sciences where UFES They Were Evaluated biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, the color of fruit and seeds, humidity, fresh weight, dry weight and seed germination. To study the cardinal temperatures for germination tests Were Conducted with four sub-samples of 25 seeds in Petri dishes Placed lined with paper germitest, Kept in BOD chambers, where we tested the Following constant temperatures: 05, 07, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 ° C. To Assess the germination and seedling development in different Concentrations of NaCl Treatments consisted of the osmotic potential: 0.0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa. The germination and seed vigor Were Evaluated for germination, first count, germination speed index average time of germination, relative frequency of germination, shoot length and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings and morphological characterization of normal and abnormal seedlings. The experimental design was Completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. Regression equations were adjusted for the main characteristics evaluated, the data expressed in percentages were transformed into arc-sin v x/100 and averages compared by Scott - Knott and Tukey 5% level of probability. The harvest of seeds of Ceiba speciosa can be started at 163 days (22 weeks) after anthesis, at this stage the seeds were presented with dark brown and with a moisture content of approximately 37% and germination 87%. Seeds collected in the mountainous region of Caparaó presented wide range of germination between the temperatures and the optimum temperature for this species to 25 and 30 ° C. Salinity Caused a Decrease in the values of variables in the germination test. The Paineira is Considered glycophyte with maximum tolerance to NaCl up to -0.6 MPa
Relação da dinâmica da vegetação com a ocorrência de incêndios florestais em terras indígenas no bioma cerrado
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-21) Silva, Felipe Gimenes Rodrigues; Fielder, Nilton César; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Silva, Samuel Ferreira da
The Cerrado Biome is threatened by the advance of deforestation and the indiscriminate use of fire. In this scenario, the study of indigenous lands through information obtained from remote sensing helps to evaluate the vegetation and its relation to the occurrence of fires. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the temporal dynamics of the vegetation, related to the precipitation and the occurrence of forest fires in indigenous lands, located in the Cerrado Biome in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Thus, data from the vegetation indices obtained by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and generated from the product of the MOD13Q1 provided by the MODIS sensor, instrument of the satellite TERRA. For the analysis of Burn Area throughout the series, the images came from the MCD45A1 product of the same sensor. The images were acquired from 2007 to 2016, and lastly, rainfall images from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor. With the images of NDVI, TRMM and Burn Area, they were standardized in the ArcGis program so that they were worked in the TerrSet software program, the Earth Trends Modeler module was used, making correlation analysis between elements of precipitation, vegetation index and (3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3), in order to obtain the response time of the dependent variables in relation to the independent variables. With the images of NDVI, TRMM and Burn Area, they were standardized in the ArcGis program so that they were worked on the TerrSet software, using the Earth Trends Modeler module, doing the correlation analysis between elements of precipitation, vegetation index and area (-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3), in order to obtain the response time of the dependent variables in relation to the independent ones. In relation to the analyzes of the interannual trends of the time series of vegetation indices, these were carried out using Mann-Kendall monotonic trend methodologies and analyzes of seasonal trends. The images were imported for the TerrSet software, in which the Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) module was also used to process and analyze the vegetation index behavior trends. For the analysis of anomalies of vegetation index, precipitation and burning area, no anomalous periods were found. The correlations obtained were more significant in open field regions with R of 0.84 for NDVI and Precipitation and for NDVI and R burning area of - 0.74. The Monotonic Trend of Mann-Kendall, denote a certain stability of the vegetation index with positive variations in open field regions and in only one place (Areões village) with reduced vegetative vigor. The analysis of seasonal trends identified different vegetation responses, since this biome presents a diversified phytophysiognomy showing the seasonality of vegetation with different phases in amplitudes. In all years, large areas of burning were quantified, totaling approximately one million hectares per year; The variation of the trends, evidences the various phytophysiognomies and their answers regarding the gain and loss of biomass. The best correlation and regression response of NDVI x precipitation was observed according to the type of open field vegetation. The Area of burning tends to increase with the reduction of NDVI, mainly in regions with more open vegetations. Finally, in relation to seasonality, a defined pattern of cycles and vegetation phases was not found.
Relação dos fenômenos El Ninõ e La Ninã com a precipitação e vazão na bacia amazônica ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-21) Moura, Melo Mark; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; SANTOS, Alexandre Rosa dos; SANTOS, Alexandre Rosa dos; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Silva, Samuel Ferreira da
Resgate e propagação vegetativa de Lecythis pisonis Cambes por estaquia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-11) Bernardes, Vanessa Pimentel; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira; Wendling, Ivar
Sapucaia (Lecythis Pisonis Camb.) is a native specie that has a long juvenility period, short seed viability and difficulty to collect fruit, characteristics that justify the vegetative propagation techniques studie such as cuttings. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the root formation capacity in steems cuttings treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), obtained of eight trees of sapucaia specie located in the Espírito Santo state, as well as to evaluate the technique efficiency of vegetative rescue using outstanding branches ofadult trees. The research was divided into two experiments, being that in the first it was aimed to assess the rooting potential of herbaceous and semi-woody cuttings (with leaves) of 7cm to 12 cm of length taken from mother trees in transition phase located in the Jerônimo Monteiro municipality, and adult mother trees located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Alegre and Linhares municipalities, being that the mother trees of the latter municipality, beyond of the previous cuttings were made woody cuttings (without leaf). The cuttings were treated using IBA (0; 2000; 4000; 6000 and 8000 mg Kg-1 ) and followed a randomized block design with four replicates and 10 cuttings per plot. After 120 days in a greenhouse, under irrigation system of intermittent type was analyzed the callus percentage and cuttings survival. The data were submitted to variance analysis to verify if there is significant difference between the means, and if the factors have influence on some dependent variable. In the second experiment evaluated the emission of epicormic sprouts in outstanding branches of adult trees selected to the previous experiment. Thereunto, branches of 60 cm of length, removed of the tree top, were sectioned and carried to the greenhouse, where remained for 60 days. After this period, was observed the number of epicormic sprouts formed on the branches. The results showed mortality of the herbaceous andsemi-woody cuttings, however, one herbaceous cuttings obtained of juvenile mother tree remains alive and with leaf, being the only with the presence of root, and of this same mother tree 80.5% of herbaceous cuttings had the presence of callus. Was observed 52.75% of woody cuttings survivors of adult mother trees. It is concluded that premature leaf fall in herbaceous and semi-woody cuttings favors the mortality of the same, while the woody cuttings present high percentage of survival. The IBA concentrations had no significant effect on the callus formation of juvenile herbaceous cuttings and in the survival of woody cuttings of adult mother trees. The vegetative material used in the juvenility rescue proved be feasible for the sprouts formation, however, rooting potential of sprouts must be assessed.

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