Biodiversidade Tropical (extinto)

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17602
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical

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Navegando Biodiversidade Tropical (extinto) por Assunto "Agricultura x Aspectos ambientais"

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    Rede de circulação de sementes e propágulos na agricultura familiar e a conservação on farm no Espírito Santo
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-26) Arantes, Poliana Beatriz; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; Peixoto, Ariane Luna; Gontijo, Andréia Barcelos Passos Lima; Silva, Ary Gomes; Gontijo, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima; Silva, Ary Gomes da
    Considering the multifunctional rural development with a view of integrating society, environment and territories, the agriculture school known as agroecology has gained ground both in public policy and academia and among farmers, especially in Latin America. The agroecological practices are seen as favoring the maintenance of agrobiodiversity, as well it is a key element of this proposal. This study was conducted in family agroecological systems of three producer associations in the cities of Boa Esperança (APAC), São Mateus (ACASAMA) and Iconha ("Vero Sapore") in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, to evaluate the potential of these associations in maintaining agrobiodiversity through a survey of fruit trees and tree crops and of the regeneration in these systems. For that, semistructured interviews were conducted with all families defined, in delimited cores, for the socioeconomic, technical-productive and strategies employed by each family diagnosis, of wich are 21 families in total, and by each association, as well as for modeling networks movement of nursery material. Botanical collections and photographic archive for species identification were also made. The socioeconomic reproductive strategies of families in the associations are different, especially with regard to employment of labor, being the pluriactivity most used by families of ACASAMA and the para-agricultural activities exclusively present on the families of "Vero Sapore", resulting in improved financial performance of agroecosystems for these. The production models also differ between associations. APAC’s families opted for Integrated Production System (SAIP's), ACASAMA’s families for agroforest homegardens and "Vero Sapore" for Simultaneous Agroforestry System and, so for, for this last association the ocuped area of land use in agroforestry is greater than in the others. The species richness was significantly higher for the properties of "Vero Sapore" and relates significantly to the area used for agroecological production. In total we found 152 species belonging to 46 botanical families, being 52,29% of fruit supply and sale and 52,66% % native of Atlantic Forest. The dissimilarity of species found between the properties refers, above all, to the species of the other categories that are not fruits for food and sale and there is a great distance of the collection of "Vero Sapore" to others with greater similarity between this farmers. Through Salience Index there was noted that the choice of farmed species is not necessarily related to the commercialization of these, being also linked to the consumption and maintenance of the agroecosystems. Most species was acquired from external sources, and the projects undertaken by non-governmental sources are important acquisition for associations, although there are differences between them. The APAC, as it is in the process of SAIP's consolidation, has strong bond of purchase with the project that implemented them, while in ACASAMA there is a significant flow of planting materials among neighbors, and in "Vero Sapore" this flow occurs mainly among members of the association itself, which indicates that this has a network of interactions that is less vulnerable to species loss, but also explains the greater similarity between farmers collections. Therefore, agroforestry systems studied showed potential for increase native species and maintain biodiversity, however, "Vero Sapore" was the association that showed the best results in conservationists terms and for socioeconomic reproduction of families, and these results are due to the strategies adopted, especially the choice of the used model and the methodological deepening by families about that. Thus, it appears that the implementation and success of agroforestry to multifunctional rural development passes through technical and extensionist advice that provides strengthening of the initiatives and of the organization of farmers and greater integration between these initiatives.