Medicina (desativado)

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Navegando Medicina (desativado) por Assunto "Alcoholism"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
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    Prolongamento do intervalo QT associado à magnésio baixo em alcoolistas crônicos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-12-09) Moulin, Stephanie Rezende Alvarenga; Mill, José Geraldo; Gomes, Maria da Penha Zago; Palacios, Ester Miyuki Nakamura; Brandão, Andréa Araújo
    BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is a high prevalence addiction worldwide. Abusive alcohol intake is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Chronically, it seems that alcohol is associated with cardiac electrical disorders such as prolongation of the QT interval, an unusual change between healthy subjects (0.0017 to 0.31%), which may lead to tachyarrhythmias and sudden death. QT prolongation can be associated to alcohol intake and hypomagnesaemia. METHODS and RESULTS: We compared the electrocardiographic changes and plasma magnesium in active alcoholics (n=62), more than 7 days abstinent alcoholics (n=104) and non-alcoholics (n=45) attending to a outpatient clinic. There was a higher prevalence of long QT in active alcoholics than in abstinent alcoholics (16% vs. 2% OR=9.81 p=0.011), and no abnormalities in non-alcoholics. Heart rate was higher among active alcoholics, as well as the greater the presence of tachycardia in this group. The other ECG parameters were similar frequencies between the groups. Hypomagnesaemia was also more frequent in active alcoholics (26%) than in abstinent alcoholics (10% OR=3.11 p=0.013) and non-alcoholics (5% OR=6.30 p=0.022). Serum magnesium levels showed an inverse relationship (r=0.39; p<0.005) to duration of the corrected QT interval in active alcoholics (Beta = -35.1 ± 11.6 ms/(mg/dL) but not in the other two groups. Potassium and Calcium dosages were similar between groups. The presence of hypocalcemia was significantly more common among those with long QT, but when done the analysis of correlation between calcium and QT interval for active alcoholics, there was no statistical significance (p = 0.238). CONCLUSION: There was a higher association of long QT and hypomagnesaemia in active chronic alcoholics. Low magnesium was predictor of QT interval prolongation. The dosage of ions and performing electrocardiogram are important tests for early diagnosis of changes that can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias in chronic alcoholics and should be routinely required in the care of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.
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    Volumes cortical e subcortical como preditores do desempenho cognitivo em alcoolistas : um estudo de seguimento de 6 anos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-11-24) Morgado, Adriano Daniel Peres; Nakamura-Palacios, Ester Miyuki; Rosa Júnior Marcos; Pacheco, Felipe Torres
    Alcohol use has been long proven to result in brain atrophy and cognitive deficiencies, but how changes of specific brain structures would be related to these cognitive changes remains unclear. This study explored changes of gray matter cortical and subcortical volumes of alcoholics after 6-years interval and their relation to changes of frontal executive and global cognitive mental status. Cortical and subcortical segmentation and corrections of magnetic resonance (1.5 T) images acquired in 2010 (T1) and 2016 (T2) from 16 alcoholics (14 males, mean age 49.8 years ± 8.5 SD in T1 and 55.7 years ± 8.4 SD in T2) with long-term use of alcohol (mean of 29.8 to 34.7 years) were performed using FreeSurfer. Results showed global reduction of gray matter volumes and more specifically in brain regions, mostly from prefrontal areas, subcortical structures and cerebellum cortex, highly related to the executive function and drug dependence condition. More importantly, reduction over the 6-year interval of gray matter volumes of right frontal pole (p < .01) and left cerebellar cortex (p < .05) were predictive of changes of frontal executive performance, and reduction of right putamen gray matter volume was predictive (p < .05) of changes of global cognitive mental status in alcoholics. We suggest that combination of volumetric analysis of gray matter from specific brain areas with brief examination of frontal executive and global cognitive mental status over the course of alcohol use may be clinically relevant to determine the degree of executive and cognitive commitment in alcoholism.