Inclusões crescentes de Tribulus terrestris como aditivo em dietas para ovinos confinados
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Data
2023-12-12
Autores
Schunk, Yasmini da Silva
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
When included in the diet of ruminants, feed additives allow the rumen environment to be modulated, optimizing performance due to the reduction in energy losses resulting from the fermentation process. Among them are ionophores, antimicrobials widely used as growth promoters. However, the unbridled use of these substances can present an eminent risk of cross-resistance to antibiotics, which has led to a search for safer alternatives to obtain the benefits of rumen modulation while minimizing the risks to human and animal health. Tribulus terrestris is therefore a substitute option, as it is a plant with different phytotherapeutic properties and is rich in saponins, which are able to reduce the development of some microorganisms, causing changes in the rumen environment that can help improve production efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing inclusions of Tribulus terrestris, containing 40% saponins, in diets for confined sheep on rumen parameters and blood metabolites, in order to understand the action of this component in the rumen environment and its influence on metabolism. The experiment was conducted in two stages, the first in vitro and the second in situ. In the first phase, used inclusions of 0 (control); 1,25; 2,5; 5,07,5; 10,0; 12,5 and 15,0 of Tribulus terrestris in g/kg of dry matter in the diet, in which the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), neutral detergent fiber (IVDNDF), acid detergent fiber (IVDADF) and crude protein (IVDCP) were evaluated. The pH and concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) were also determined, and the production of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gases was measured. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with repeated measures over time (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours). In the in situ phase, inclusions of 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 and 5,0 g/kg were used, which corresponded to the five experimental treatments. Five sheep cannulated in the rumen were used, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Each experimental period lasted 15 days. The pH, N-NH3 concentration, protozoa analysis and blood metabolic profile were evaluated. It was observed that the inclusion of Tribulus terrestris, regardless of dosage, led to a reduction in vitro digestibility, with a quadratic effect on IVDDM, IVDNDF, IVDADF, IVDCP and reductions in N-NH3 and CH4 values. In terms of fermentation parameters, the safest dosages in vitro were 1,25 and 2,5 g/kg. The addition of Tribulus terrestris up to 5,0 g/kg had no effect on fermentation parameters in situ, did not adversely impact the blood metabolic profile, and decreased the population of small protozoa. Further analysis with inclusions exceeding 5,0 g/kg is necessary to substantiate the inhibitory influence of Tribulus terrestris on protozoan populations, followed by verification through production performance experiments.
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Palavras-chave
Amônia , Metano , Protozoários , Ruminantes , Saponinas