A adoção das IFRS impacta no gerenciamento de resultados? Evidências do mercado de capitais brasileiro
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Data
2015-09-25
Autores
Silva, Vitor Corrêa da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This dissertation aimed to identify the impact of the IFRS adoption on earnings management (proxy for the earnings quality - EQ) of non-financial Brazilian companies on the Brazilian Securities, Commodities and Futures Exchange (Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de São Paulo - BM&FBOVESPA). In reviewing the literature on the issue, it was found that: (1) there is a gap in the investigation of earnings management in Brazil, since most of the studies focuses on earnings management by discretionary accruals, there are few studies on earnings management by operational manipulations, as well as studies on both earnings management forms (MARTINEZ, 2013) and; (2) the earnings quality (EQ) is not only influenced by accounting standards, but by at least three distinct factors: i) the legal and political environment in which companies operate, ii) the accounting standards and; iii) internal incentives of the companies for the disclosure of accounting information, being the first factor more relevant than the others two, including by also influence them (SODERSTROM, SUN, 2007). Thus, it chose to measure both forms of earnings management and analyze the impact on them of three variables that are expected to capture the effects of the three factors that impact the EQ, they are: i) the additional regulation of some sectors of the economy (first factor); ii) IFRS (second factor) and; iii) the presence of companies in the special segment of BM&FBOVESPA listing (third factor). It is believed that this approach which assesses the IFRS together with other factors that impact the EQ allow a more comprehensive analysis on the possible impact of the IFRS on earnings management. The population of interest of the research was the non-financial public companies of BM&FBOVESPA and the sample, collected from the Comdinheiro tool, included 1,619 firm/year observations for models of discretionary accruals and 1,592 firm/year observations for models of operational manipulations. In order to implement the research were carried out six regression analyzes with White robust correction for panel data with random effects, each regression had as a dependent variable a different metric for earnings management of companies, and three sought to capture the discretionary accruals and three other the operational manipulations. The results suggest that IFRS had no impact on earnings management practices, either discretionary accruals or operational manipulations. The presence in regulated sectors, however, tends to have a restriction on the use of earnings management by discretionary accruals in companies, however, does not impact on earnings management by operational manipulations. Regarding the presence in the special segment of BM&FBOVESPA listing, the results suggest that in recent years, when the accounting standard was already IFRS, companies present in these segments had lower absolute values of discretionary accruals and operating manipulations. It is concluded that the IFRS were not able to decrease the earnings management in Brazil possibly due to poor Brazilian institutional environment (LOPES; WALKER, 2008), showing even a formalistic aspect which is characterized by the difference between the practical reality and Legal proposal planned for this reality (RIGGS, 1964, 1968). Also contributing to the literature in Brazil, the results suggest that both forms of earnings management are affected by different phenomena because they have different incentives and costs and, therefore, should not be treated as if they respond to the same incentives.
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International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) , Gerenciamento de resultados , Qualidade da informação contábil