Potencialidades para o aproveitamento de biomassa de casca de café robusta para a geração de energia
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Data
2016-08-02
Autores
Dal-Bó, Vanessa
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
In Brazil, the northern region of the State of Espírito Santo is the main coffee production area (Coffee robusta). The processing of coffee beans generates around 50% in mass of husks, which most often are improperly disposed. The objective of this work was to optimize the technological use of the coffee husk for obtaining energy based on heuristic and evolutionary methods. The structural synthesis for power generation through states tree resulted in 3,780 plausible flowcharts to be analyzed including four technological routes (anaerobic digestion, direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis). Experimental results helped to define the flowchart embryo in the process. Statistical analysis for the characterization results of biomass proved, by Tukey test at 95% confidence, that there were significant differences between the analyzed samples for the density, moisture content, fixed carbon and higher calorific value. Besides the characterization husk particle size analysis identified the model that best fit the data, and the RRB (Rosin, Rammler and Bennet) and GGS (Gates, Gaudin and Schumann) for from husk processing via dry and wet respectively, and the diameter Average Sauter was 2.69 mm and 1.24 mm. The drying testes were carried out in a convective dryer with parallel and following a factorial design in order to evaluate the effect of temperature and speed on the moisture. Among the models semi-empirical applied the model that better represented the experimental data was of Overhults, confirmed by technical breakdown rival models, from the non-linearity measures. The drying study was important to evaluate the parameters and was helpful in creating the heuristic rules. During the combustion tests, were monitored the emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. However, more studies are needed for the effective implementation of combustion, since the gaseous emissions exceed the limits established by CONAMA’s norm. The application of heuristic rules allowed define the route of pyrolysis as promising for energy application of the coffee husks. The application of the evolutionary method generated eleven structural neighbors. This study can contribute to sustainable development and promote the development of new technologies for the energetic use of biomass.
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Process engineering , Structural synthesis , Heuristic , Pyrolysis , Drying , Engenharia de processos , Síntese estrutural , Heurístico
Citação
DAL-BÓ, Vanessa. Potencialidades para o aproveitamento de biomassa de casca de café robusta para a geração de energia. 2016. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Energia) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, 2016.