Petróleo como tema gerador no ensino de química: Elaboração de um Material Didático para o Ensino Médio
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Data
2024-02-28
Autores
Cruz, Jessika Lima
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Chemistry plays a crucial role in understanding the chemical phenomena that occur in everyday life, and it is the responsibility of educators to create an environment conducive to teaching and learning. Thus, there is a need to develop instructional materials that address topics capable of promoting a dialectical relationship between scientific knowledge and everyday experiences. In this context, it is essential to address topics that establish a connection between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge, seeking to promote critical and scientific awareness. To contextualize and stimulate critical education, themes related to Environmental Education play a crucial role, providing knowledge linked to social, economic, and political interests. This approach aims to instigate a reflection that promotes commitment to the environment, considering the complexity and multidimensionality of the environmental issue in the exercise of social participation and the defense of citizenship. However, with the implementation of the new high school curriculum, some subjects, including Chemistry, have had their workload reduced, resulting in the loss of important content for student development, such as Organic Chemistry. Faced with this scenario, this work proposes a systematic analysis of the school context of a public high school in Espírito Santo. Additionally, it seeks to apply instructional material focused on the study of Organic Chemistry content, with a specific focus on petroleum, addressing its formation, extraction, refining, and derivatives. The instructional material was built using Active Methodologies, innovative ways of educating that stimulate learning and active student participation in the classroom. This material was developed to integrate the elective subject that is part of the curriculum of the new high school in Espírito Santo. The instructional material was applied in elective classes in the years 2022 and 2023, comprising students from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years of high school. Some practices proposed in the material were also applied in Adult and Youth Education (EJA) classes. The research was submitted to the Brazil platform with the Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appreciation (CAAE) number 73494123.3.0000.5542 and obtained opinion number 6,275,610. The research presents mixed characteristics, combining quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Data were obtained through the application of questionnaires, observation of didactic sequences, among others. With data analysis, the results were classified into two categories: Evolution of concepts on the petroleum theme and Evolution of chemical thinking. Through a comprehensive analysis of the research data, the importance and effectiveness of active methodologies in the chemistry teaching process are evident, particularly when dealing with complex topics related to petroleum. Throughout this research, the instructional material developed to address specific topics related to petroleum has proven to be not only an effective pedagogical tool but also a crucial facilitator for the evolution of students' concepts and chemical thinking.
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Educação ambiental , metodologia ativas e química do petróleo