Avaliação da composição química do material ativo do cátodo de baterias de íon-Lítio exauridas após lixiviação com ácido cítrico e análise por ICP OES
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Data
2017-03-27
Autores
Almeida, Jenifer Rigo
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
ABSTRACTSpent Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered hazardous solid wastes due to the presence of metals and organic solvents in their composition, representing waste of non-renewable natural resources and valuable metals when discarded. This work is aimed to provide quantitative data about the chemical composition of cathode active material (CAM)of different spent LIBs in order to monitor variations over the years and assist in material recycling processes. The metals Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga,Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Ti and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after acid leaching using citric acid (2.0 molL-1) and H2O2(0.25 molL-1) as an environmentally friendly alternative. The optimized conditions for the adaptation of the medium to the analytical curves were:for Al, Cu: HCit curve diluted 10 times without internal standard (IS); For Co, Li, Mn, Ni: HCit curve diluted 500-times without IS; For Ga, Zn: HCit curve diluted 10 times with Y. The analytical procedureemployed reached detection limits of 0.01 mgL-1for Al; 0.20 mgL-1for Co; 0.006 mgL-1for Cr; 0.02 mgL-1for Cu; 0.004 mgL-1for Ga; 0.02 mgL-1for Li; 0.0005 mgL-1for Mg; 0.07 mgL-1for Mn; 0.70 mgL-1for Ni, 0.0005 mgL-1for Ti and 0.007 mgL-1for Zn. The accuracy of the procedure was confirmed by analytical recovery tests with values between 92-113%.The major elements Co (43-67% wt), Li (5.3-6.8% wt), Mn (0.8-8.2% wt), Ni (0.1-11.7% wt) And Al (0.06-3.2% wt) and the minor elements Cr (0.0005-0.002% wt), Cu (0.01-0.05% wt), Mg (0.005-0.02% wt), Ti (0.001-0.07% wt), Ga (0.0009-0.03% wt) and Zn (0.009-0.05% wt) demonstrated that the CAMcomposition may vary according to the capacity and year of manufacture. The older batteries showed the greatest Co and Li levels. The lower capacity batteries were those containing the highest concentrations of Mn and Ni, indicating that Co was replaced. The powder CAM and the residue after leaching were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) yielding the title compound as LiCoO2and can be reused.
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Spent lithium-ion batteries , Active cathode material , Valuable metals , Green chemistry , Leaching citric acid , Baterias de íon-lítio exauridas , Material ativo do cátodo , Metais valiosos , Química verde , Lixiviação com ácido cítrico
Citação
ALMEIDA, Jenifer Rigo. Avaliação da composição química do material ativo do cátodo de baterias de íon-Lítio exauridas após lixiviação com ácido cítrico e análise por ICP OES. 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) – Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, 2017.