Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal
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Navegando Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Animal por Autor "Araujo, Ana Carolina Srbek de"
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- ItemAbordagens metodológicas para avaliar risco de extinção de espécies de Brachyteles (Primates: Atelidae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-03-27) Gonçalves, Arthur Machado; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Araujo, Ana Carolina Srbek de; Leite, Yuri Luiz ReisThe geographical distribution of a taxon is limited by ecological and historical aspects. Many human activities have caused changes in vegetation cover, leading to fragmentation and loss of habitat. This has led to local extinction of populations of various species by altering their geographical distribution. Among them are the two species of the genus Brachyteles (muriquis), which are endemic primates of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most affected biomes by these processes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an organization that seeks to conserve biodiversity. Among other criteria, it uses the knowledge of the restricted geographic distributions of species to rank them in threatened categories, the so-called red lists. It uses spatial parameters that indicate the risk of extinction of a particular taxon in relation to their geographical distribution. Often the calculations of these parameters are subjective and it is necessary the search of methods that make the assessments more objective, accurate, and replicable. In this context, we tested different calculation methods of three parameters related to the geographical distribution of B. hypoxanthus and B. arachnoids. They are threatened species with well-known occurrence localities and were deeply affected by the Atlantic Forest fragmentation. Thus, they are potentially a good model for these analyses. We built a database of current occurrence localities of both species. Through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approaches, we estimated the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) using Minimum Convex Polygons and a-hull, and Area of Occupancy (AOO) and subpopulations using grids, circular buffers and a-hull methods, in different special scales. The results were compared to identify the most appropriate approaches and scales for the assessment of extinction risk. The analyses indicate that the list of localities and maps of IUCN should be updated. Moreover, they suggest that a-hull is an advantageous approach to EOO and the buffer method is the most suitable parameter for AOO and subpopulations, when smaller spatial scales are used. The GeoCAT tool can be used as a preliminary extinction risk assessment based on the geographical distribution criteria for being able to perform instant EOO and AOO analyses, and their results are similar to those of other approaches.
- ItemPadrão de atividade e segregação temporal entre mamíferos de médio e grande porte na Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Nodari, Joana Zorzal; Araujo, Ana Carolina Srbek de; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Ditchfield, Albert David; Paglia, Adriano PereiraSpecies in a community have differences in their trophic, spatial or temporal niches to coexist. The description of the activity pattern is essential to comprehend of the temporal niche and help us to understand the mecanisms regulatingspecies coexistence.Thus, the present study determined the activity pattern (time of activity and seasonality) of medium and large mammals and the temporal segregation strategies in a reminiscent of Atlantic Forest.For it, camera trap records wereused, operating in differentsampling periods, between 2005 and 2010. The 24 hours of the day were divided in intervals of an hour and the results of the activity period were represented in a rose diagram.To understand the variation of seasonality in the record number and activity period of each species, chi-square test and Mardia-Whatson-Wheeler test were used, respectively. To assess the temporal segregation the ten mammalstaxa were divided in to four trophic guilds: Medium-sized herbivores, large herbivores, omnivores and carnivores, and were subsequently compared using the Mardia-Whatson-Wheeler test. All Mammal activity periods were similar to the ones in other studies, demonstrating to be a species-specific feature.There were seasonal changes in the activity period of some species, such as spotted pacasand lowlandtapirs. Three trophic guilds showed temporal segregation and only the carnivorous guild showed temporal overlap between their representatives, being the different prey size consumption the mechanism that regulates the coexistence of these cats. Activity pattern studies are important, because they provide information on the natural history and the temporal niche of species and subsidizes the understanding of the interactions between taxa competing for the same resources and between preys and predators. In Addition, it helps to plan conservation action linked to human actions such as illegal hunting, domesticated dogs and roads