Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17612

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental por Autor "Aguiar, Karolyna Costa"

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    Comparação dos potenciais de conservação de água com a prática do reúso de águas cinza e com a coleta segregada da urina humana em uma edificação residencial multifamiliar
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-28) Aguiar, Karolyna Costa; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; Alvarez, Cristina Engel de; Campos, Rosane Hein de; Paulo, Paula Loureiro
    The increasing urbanization in Brazil has been characterized, especially in the past decades, by uncontrolled population growth and industrial development, which result in water supply and shortage problems. In face of this, water conservation measures have been implanted in residential buildings. One of these measures is greywater reuse. This study aims at verifying the impact of the greywater reuse system implanted in a residential building on drinking water conservation and wastewater flow. It also aimed at assessing the water conservation potential and wastewater reduction in this building with the implantation of alternative sanitation systems such as human urine management. Water consumption and wastewater production readings were obtained from water and wastewater meters installed in the building. This monitoring was carried out daily; starting at 8 a.m. by reading all the meters in the building, besides four 24‐hour usage profile readings. In order to verify the water conservation potential and wastewater reduction with human urine alternative management and greywater reuse, 5 scenarios were simulated for this building. The first Scenario represents the real building which was monitored, in which greywater is reused for toilet flushing. The second Scenario corresponds to the conventional building without greywater reuse. In the third Scenario the greywater reuse is proposed for watering gardens and washing paved areas, besides toilet flushing. In Scenario 4a the use of urine diversion toilets is proposed to replace the existing toilets. Scenario 4b is a variation of 4a, adding the grewater reuse for toilet flushing. In Scenario 5a the use of waterless unisex urinals combined with the existing toilet used just for feces is indicated. Scenario 5b adds greywater reuse for flushing to Scenario 5a. Results show that there was 11% of potable water savings by reusing greywater for toilet flushing — data obtained after 180‐day monitoring. After monitoring for 10 days, it was found that the reuse practice has led a wastewater reduction of 9.45%. Replacing the existing toilets with urine diversion toilets would result in an 8% reduction in water consumption, and a reduction of about 9% in wastewater, storing 0.10 m3/d of urine. The implantation of waterless unisex urinals would allow a water consumption reduction of 7%, and wastewater reduction of about 8%, storing 0.06m3/d of urine. Among the innovative water conservation options proposed in the 5 scenarios, the one with highest potential (16%) for reducing drinking water consumption, and consequently reducing wastewater discharge to public sewers, was the reuse of greywater proposed in Scenario 3, which showed the importance of increasing water reuse in residential buildings so as to decrease drinking water consumption.