Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental
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- ItemInfluência do módulo de compressibilidade na propagação da onda acústica em meios estratificados(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-09-29) Araujo, Luana Maria Kiefer de; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/This dissertation focuses on investigating the influence of compressibility modulus on acoustic propagation in stratified media. Fluid mechanics approaches are employed to derive the equation governing the propagation of acoustic waves in a non-homogeneous medium. A second-order partial differential equation (PDE), considering both space and time, is formulated to describe the propagation of the pressure wave, also known as the P-wave, and incorporates a Mexican hat-shaped source term that models the disturbance generated in the medium. To numerically solve the P-wave PDE, the finite difference method in the time domain is implemented, using a second-order explicit scheme in both time and space. To ensure numerical stability, a stability condition is developed that adjusts the time step according to the spatial discretization of the numerical mesh. Within the numerical solution context, a second-order Absorbing Boundary Condition (ABC) is applied. The numerical model is implemented in FORTRAN and integrated with the OCTAVE and PYTHON environments to facilitate result visualization. Densities and wave velocities for a section along the coast of Espírito Santo are calculated based on temperature and salinity data obtained from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Subsequently, the compressibility modulus is computed, and simulations of P-wave propagation in real oceanic scenarios are conducted to gain a deeper understanding of its role in the propagation of acoustic waves in non-homogeneous media. The simulations underscore the critical importance of wave velocity due to its direct influence on wave travel times, especially relevant in applications such as underwater seismology, where the precise location of seismic sources depends on these times. In the research context, the compressibility modulus is acknowledged as significant, though its fluctuation in seawater is considerably smaller compared to variations in sound velocity. This discrepancy assigns a prominent role to sound velocity in the analysis and interpretation of seismic and acoustic data
- ItemAprimoramento da modelagem para avaliação de segurança hídrica no contexto do desenvolvimento regional sustentável(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-03-08) Oliveira, Daniel Ben-Hur Silva De; Vaneli, Bruno Peterle; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-9271; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0648260456549674; Teixeira, Edmilson Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-8689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2223526989758235; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8926-383X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3753542300442136; Buarque, Diogo Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-520X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8616432679482558; Medeiros, Yvonilde Dantas Pinto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-5976; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3707114540449711; Acselrad, Moema Versiani ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-2068; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8430804748655590Water security is a concept that is still under construction, but it is broad, multidimensional and influenced by various factors related to sustainable development, water resource management, risk and disaster management and securitization, themes that were the basis for its conception. Even so, many models for assessing water security have been limited to considering only factors related to water scarcity in their conceptual/analytical framework. As an example of this limitation, in Brazil, the Water Security Index (ISH) proposed by the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency (ANA) in the National Water Security Plan uses a comprehensive definition of water security, but focuses on guaranteeing supply and reservoir water infrastructures in its methodology. To ensure water security and sustainable regional development, it is crucial that decision-makers understand the factors involved and use evaluation models. Implementing water security is a significant challenge, but improving existing evaluation approaches is key to making it a reality. In this context, the aim of this study was to improve modeling for assessing water security in the context of sustainable regional development, with an emphasis on the Brazilian scenario. To this end, a literature review was carried out to identify factors with the potential to affect water security and its assessment, and to understand how it is dealt with in Brazil. The ANA's ISH model was then used as a basis for proposing an adjusted model, called ISHadjusted, which modifies the resilience dimension of the ISH, adding the Flood Vulnerability Index (IVI) to its composition. In addition, some of the factors identified in this research, but which were not present in the ISHadjusted, were used as qualitative indicators to complement and understand the limitations of the model. ISHadjusted was applied to the Jucu River Hydrographic Region (RHJ), in the state of Espírito Santo, considering a trend scenario for the year 2035. This studyfound 129 factors influencing water security, which were grouped three by three into 43 elements and categorized into five (05) dimensions of water security. Subsequently, the analysis of the ISHadjustedshowed that the inclusion of the IVI, representing the "risk of flooding" factor, altered the degrees of water security in the RHJ, highlighting areas that now have lower water security than in the original ISH, due to their greater vulnerability to flooding. This result is sensitive to the context of water security in the RHJ and consistent with local perceptions. With the analysis of the other factors that were not incorporated into the ISHadjusted, issues pertinent to the RHJ were addressed that qualified the analysis of water security in the region, and the same issues are possible points for improvement in the model. Finally, the limitations and potential of the field of water security modeling were listed, as well as the limitations and potential of the ISHadjusted model. The conclusion is that the improvements made point to the need for models that more representatively address water security as it is conceptualized, considering its various intervening factors.
- ItemDetermination of the mass transfer coefficient of an odorant compound in a dynamic flow chamber(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-02) Freitas, Laize Nalli de; Furieri, Bruno; https://orcid.org/0000000297360250; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585455298349085; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-2875; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591707240424771; Santos, Jane Meri; https://orcid.org/0000000339332849; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0120226021957540; Paula, Igor Braga de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-0784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1814779476910411; Galvão, Elson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-877X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9129029345894560; Prata Junior, Ademir AbdalaOdorous compounds are pollutants present in the air, originating from various sources. Diffuse sources, in particular, pose a challenge when it comes to quantifying their emissions. Different techniques, categorized as indirect and direct methods, have been developed to measure emissions from these sources. One commonly used device is the Dynamic Flux Chamber (DFC) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), which allows for enclosed measurements. In the context of this study, the main objective was to investigate the global mass transfer coefficient of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) within the USEPA DFC. Spectrophotometry was employed to analyze the liquid phase during laboratory experiments conducted using the DFC. The calculated mass transfer coefficient values for H2S ranged from 2.72E-06 m/s to 10.19E-06 m/s. The impact of the mass transfer coefficient was evaluated under three different flow rates (2.5 and 10 L/min), as well as the influence of the insertion of internal fans in the chamber. The results revealed that the mass transfer coefficient was significantly affected by the flow rates (p < 0.005), with higher flow rates leading to increased coefficient values. Additionally, the presence of larger ventilators, in both flow rates, also had a significant impact (p < 0.005) on the coefficient. These findings align with previous studies, supporting the hypothesis that for hydrogen sulfide, which primarily volatilizes through the liquid phase, the friction velocities at the liquid-gas interface and in the liquid phase contribute to increased pollutant emissions and, consequently, higher mass transfer coefficients. Another important variable that influenced the coefficient was temperature, with higher values in both the liquid and gaseous phases resulting in higher mass transfer coefficient values. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the mass transfer process and its influencing factors, providing valuable insights for odor control and air quality management strategies.
- ItemAvaliação da geração de resíduos sólidos provenientes de estabelecimentos comerciais e da disposição a pagar pelo manejo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-26) Neves, Juliana Salomão das; Siman, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000000329397403; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5990166591886283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5331634221725620; Yamane, Luciana Harue; https://orcid.org/0000000240815402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770673036643419; Reis, José Antonio Tosta dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-1469; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7828468159099998; Couto, Maria Claudia Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-1077; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2695461921975246This work evaluated the generation of waste from commercial establishments and generated services and willingness to pay (WTP) for the management of waste generated by such enterprises. For this, a wide systematic review of the literature was carried out, which allowed the identification not only of generation indicators, but also the comparison with those per capita residues of residues left automatically in Brazil. In addition, the pattern of commercial waste generation and service provision was verified in the field, as well as the WTP for managing these wastes, using the contingent valuation method and the city of Vitória/ES as a case study. From the systematic review, it was possible to identify that the main commercial typologies studied that do not concern the generation of solid waste are educational institutions, food services and accommodation, in addition to enabling the creation of a database of indicators of generation for several commercial typologies, obtained from the literature. When comparing the indicators with the mass collected per capita standard of municipal solid waste (RSM), an equivalence greater than 50% was found for educational institutions, accommodation services and food services, showing how these commercial typologies emerged for the generation of solid waste in a municipality. With the case study, it can be seen that only a third of those tolerated felt that they had to pay for the management of their waste, describing DAP greater than the heir by the municipality of Vitória/ES, with an average of R$ 0.10 per liter of solid handled. Due to the low adherence of those received, one can see the importance of identifying the main factors that influence DAP. As future work, it is suggested the construction of a representative econometric model, which allows not only to calculate the WTP in different scenarios, but also to relieve public power by transferring management ownership to large solid waste generators.
- ItemEstudo Comparativo das Metodologias Box & Jenkins e Análise Espectral Singular para Previsão de Vazões Médias Mensais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-04-25) Bleidorn, Michel Trarbach; Mendonca, Antonio Sergio Ferreira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9841888526169409; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Brasil, Gutemberg Hespanha; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0891949094143160; Pinto, Wanderson de Paula; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Reis, Jose Antonio Tosta dos; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7828468159099998abstract