Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17475

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1416

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Navegando Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento por Assunto "Antioxidants"

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    Desenvolvimento, produtividade e genes de referência de genótipos de coffea ssp. sob temperaturas adversas
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-20) Martins, Madlles Queiroz; Ferreira, Adésio; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Vieira, Henrique Duarte; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ramalho, José Domingos Cochicho
    Global warming may promote changes in Agroclimatic zoning of the coffee, and consequêntimente in the global coffee scene. The general objective of this work was to evaluate the development, productivity and reference genes of Coffea spp genotypes. Under adverse temperatures. The work was divided in 5 chapters: Chapters 1 and 2: Increasing the atmospheric CO2 level and the high temperatures, can promote changes in the plants. This fact is of concern to mankind as regards the maintenance of food production, especially the world coffee industry. In this case the objectives of this study were: the occurrence of PSII photoinhibition (as photodegradation marker), followed by a characterization of the protection mechanisms, including the dynamics of photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, and the quantification of the raffinose family Oligosaccharides RFOs) and heat shock protein, in addition, detailed study of reference genes to evaluate the expression of selected genes with potential roles in heat acclimatization. The experiment was carried out using a simple factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design, using two factors, the first one was composed of two levels of CO2 and the second factor was composed of four temperature levels. For the experimentation, two C. arabica genotypes (cv. Icatu and IPR 108) and one C. canephora (cv. Conilon clone 153) were grown in 80 L pots. The experiment was carried out in two growth chambers (Model 10000 EHHF, Mark Aralab, Portugal), with controlled climate conditions. The first chamber was controlled to maintain at constant 380 ppm of CO2 and the second chamber at 700 ppm of CO2. In these chambers the temperature was gradually increased every 30 days, taken day / night: 25/20°C; 31/25°C; 37/30°C at 40/34°C. The two growth chambers were submitted to 75% relative humidity, photosynthetically active radiation of ca. 750- 800 micromol m-2 s -1 and photoperiod of 12 h, continuously throughout the experiment. According to results obtained in this study, relevant heat tolerance was observed up to 37/30ºC for both [CO2], considering all the genotypes evaluated in this study. This tolerance was achieved with support of several protective molecules (neoxanthin, lutein, carotenes, TOC, HSP70, raffinose), changes in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, APX, QR, CAT) and upregulated expression of some genes (ELIP, Chape 20). At 42/34ºC the photoinhibition was manifested, especially in plans cultivated the 380 ppm and in the Icatu genotype. At this temperature an overall reinforcement of the antioxidative system was not observed, however, there was a positive regulation of protection mechanisms (HSP70, chaperonins, ELIP and APX Cyt) as well as raffinose content, which together constituted a common line For all genotypes evaluated in this study. A consistently higher expression in CL153 was observed at the highest temperature, according to its better tolerance at elevated temperatures. TOC and HSP70 appeared to be particularly relevant in C. arabica genotypes. The presence of RFOs, lutein, ß-carotene, TOC and HSP70, as well as upregulated expression of protective protein-related genes (ELIPS, HSP70, Chape 20 and 60) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, CuSOD2, APX Cyt, APX Chl), Probably acted together to control the formation and elimination of ROS, induced by the increase in temperature. Overall, the results showed that the high [CO2] attenuated the impact of heat through higher photosynthetic performance, upregulation of protective molecules, as well as higher activity of some antioxidant enzymes. The expression stability varied according to the type of stress for most genes. The final ranking obtained with RefFinder ranked MDH as the most stable gene for a global use, regardless of the assessed stress. Chapters 3, 4 and 5: Taking into account the temperature rise predicted by the IPCC, one can imagine that some agricultural areas producing Coffea arabica may become unsuitable for cultivation. In this sense, plants of Coffea canephora may possibly occupy these areas, since they are plants that better adapt to the stressful conditions promoted by heat and possibly positive cold temperatures. In this context, it is necessary to experiment with Coffea canephora genotypes in regions that have the risk of shifting agricultural zoning from Coffea arabica to Coffea canephora, as is the case in this study. (a) To evaluate the productive capacity of 28 different genotypes of Coffea canephora grown in high altitude climate. (b) Characterize the growth rate of Coffea canephora genotypes grown at high altitude. (c) To identify genotypes with potential to be cultivated in the southern region of the cerrado of Goiás. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano Campus Morrinhos, Goiás. Using 28 genotypes of Coffea canephora, multiplied by clones and Seeds. The design was a randomized block design, with four replications, each replicate being composed of five plants. The following characteristics were evaluated: productivity/ ha of the 28 genotypes of Coffea canephora in 4 seasons, growth rate and quantification of accumulated nutrients in leaves collected in winter and summer. The results showed a significant genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated in this study, a condition that favors the gain of clonal selection. In addition, a high heritability was observed among the genotypes, a result that indicates the high precision regarding the selection of superior genotypes. The genotypes that stood out in terms of productivity stability and adaptability were: the 3V genotype of the "Vitória" variety; NV2; NV8; P1; VERDIM TA and A1, It should be considered that of the six genotypes considered superior there are different degrees of similarity depending on the characteristic in question. The growth rates of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches of the C. canephora genetic material were negatively affected during a period when the minimum temperatures were below 17ºC. For most of the nutrients, it is observed higher average values in leaves collected in the winter. Principal components analysis indicates that the genotype groups of C. canephora alter the relationships between objects (genotypes) and descriptors (nutrient content) according to the season of leaves collected (winter and summer)
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    Diversidade genética de 43 genótipos de Coffeacanephora; e implicações do aumento de temperatura e déficit hídrico ao Coffea spp.
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dubberstein, Danielly; Ferreira, Adésio; Ramalho, José Cochico; Partelli, Fábio Luiz; Silva, Diolina Moura; Rodrigues, Weverton Rodrigues
    Chapters 1, 2 and 3 have the objective of studying the genetics of the 43 unpublished Coffea canephora genotypes through the stomatal and plant leaf morphological characteristics, as well as the choice of a mathematical model to determine the leaf area developed from linear of sheet. In chapter 1 the study of the stomatal characteristics was carried out, determining: epidermal cell count and number of stomata, polar and equatorial diameter measurement, density estimation, stomatal area index, stomatal index and stomatal functionality. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, grouped by the hierarchical method Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA); Pearson's linear correlation and principal component analysis in Biplot were also performed. Differences were observed among the 43 genotypes confirming the existence of genetic variability; the grouping method distinguished them into six groups; correlations with different levels of significance occurred among the parameters; plant height, distance internodes and leaf area correlate positively, showing that they can be associated with stomatal characteristics. In chapter 2 we estimated: length, number of nodes and distance between nodes of plagiotropic and orthotropic branches; plant height; cup diameter; length, width and actual leaf area of leaves in two evaluations. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, grouped by the Tocher optimization method and by the UPGMA hierarchical method, made to the analysis of Pearson's linear correlation and main components in Biplot. Significant differences were found among the 43 genotypes, forming six groups by the Tocher method and five groups by UPGMA, evidencing the existing genetic variability. Pearson's correlation provided values with different levels between characteristics, as evidenced by principal component analysis. In Chapter 3, the length of the midrib (L) and maximum leaf blade width (W) and leaf area (LA) of the 43 genotypes were measured manually. From L, W, LA and LW, Pearson correlation analyzes were performed, grouped by the Tocher optimization method, all combinations were tested by linear models according to the existing parameters and the values of R2 and BIC were just for h mo l. Est bl sh th qu t ons ons r n th p r m t rs ß0 n ß1. Th 43 genotypes were divided into three groups by the Tocher method and one group with 41 genotypes. Larger correlations occurred between products L and W (LW) and LA, followed by W and LA. Therefore, LW estimates the leaf area satisfactorily, but the variable width can be adopted due to the greater ease of measurement in the field. The equations generated considering the two variables were significant and the cross validation confirmed the adjustment. The objective of chapter 4 was to evaluate the impacts of individual and joint heat and drought stresses in coffee trees. Leaf parameters related to stomatal characteristics, gas 4 exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, thylakoidal electron transport, membrane permeability and activities of photosynthesis enzymes. In addition, chapter 5 aimed to identify mechanisms of response/acclimation of plants to heat and dry stress conditions, where they were evaluated the photoinhibition of PSII, the activities of the enzymes Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Glutathione Reductase (GR), Superoxide Dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) as well as Ascorbate (ASC) content, heat shock enzyme (HSP70), photosynthetic pigments and malondialdehyde (MDA). It was observed that well-watered plants maintained good photosynthetic performance with temperature increase, presenting changes only at 39/30 °C in CL153 and Icatu from 34/28 °C as well as there was increase of Fo and decrease in Fv/Fm (Pn, Gs, E, Ci, iWUE and Amax), and the effect of heat on these plants was more evident at 42/30 °C only in Icatu. The joint imposition of stressors aggravates the situation, although some parameters have not been modified (for example: Pn and Amax in CL 153). The activity of the photosynthesis and photosynthetic enzymes was reduced with the simultaneous imposition of drought and heat. The photosynthetic structures in general, and the photosystems in particular, have been impacted, but the negative effects have been mitigated by the reinforcement of protective mechanisms. These are reflected in the increases in the values of Y(NPQ) (unregulated energy dissipation) and qN (sustained heat dissipation photoprotective), HPS70, and some photosynthetic pigments such as Neaxanthin, Anteraxanthin, Zeaxanthin, DEPS and Lutein, as well as increased APX, SOD and GR activity (which act in the removal of reactive oxygen species). The MDA content was increased only at 42/30 °C, confirming the membrane lipid peroxidation, but evidencing the leaf thermotolerance in the coffee trees at temperatures well above the optimum. In addition, a considerable recovery was observed for several parameters after reestablishment of the normal water and temperature conditions, confirming the resilience of the coffee trees