Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1416
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Navegando Doutorado em Genética e Melhoramento por Assunto "Atividade biológica"
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- ItemDiversidade genética, caracterização e atividade de óleos essenciais em Psidium spp(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-25) Bernardes, Carolina de Oliveira; Ferreira, Adésio; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni; Menini, Luciano; Souza, Tércio da Silva de; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo DinizMyrtaceae is one of the most important families in the ecosystems of Brazil presenting as an important characteristic being rich in essential oil. The genus Psidium is one of the most explored in the family and it represents 100 species, approximately, where P. guajava, P. brownianum and P. guineense are detached. It was aimed with this work to study the genetic diversity of P. guajava, P. brownianum and P. guineense, to identify the terpenic profile of essential oils of Psidium species and to use the essential oils properties from P. guajava as an alternative to the control of Spodoptera frugiperda. For the diversity studies, the same group of microsatellite markers was used in populations from the three species. The higher number of alleles was detected for P. guajava populations and elevated values of He and H’ were found for the populations of the three species. Among 73 and 80% of variation occurred within populations, reflecting elevated values of genetic divergence (P. guajava, FST = 0.1996; P. brownianum, ØST: 0.2636; P. guineense, ØST: 0.2034). Populations of the three studied species were moderately structured, with the formation of two main groups, representing the South and North regions of the state of Espírito Santo. Regarding the terpene variability of the leaves essential oils, eleven species were analyzed with GC-FID and GC-MS, as well as by leaf microbiology analysis and herbivory index. Fifty-nine components were identified, with the predominance of sesquiterpenes. Literature data was obtained and fourteen species were included in this study. Elevated diversity for the oil’s components was observed, as well as the predominance of ß-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide. Additionally, 1,8-cineole, apinene and (E)-nerolidol were also responsible for distinguishing groups of species in cluster analysis. The herbivory index was low for all the species; it is explained by the fact that sesquiterpenes are directly related to the defense against microorganisms and predators. The presence of trichomes and coriaceous leaves, also contributed for the herbivory reduction. At last, the effect of two chemotypes of guava essential oil was studied in Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars. The chemical composition of the essential oils showed the presence of thirteen components in both genotypes. The major components identified in Paluma were caryophyllene oxide (15.9%), ß-caryophyllene (12.1%) and selin-11-en-4-a-ol (10.3%) and in Cortibel VII, ß-bisabolol (12.3%). Both essential oils presented repellency effect, under the concentrations of 10 and 100 ppm to S. frugiperda caterpillars. This way, the knowledge of genetic diversity is an important tool that may show the real situation of species regarding their conservation status in determined environments. Besides, with the information about Psidium spp. essential oils composition, it is possible to understand what chemotypes may be present in such species and this way, indicate the correct use of the essential oil.
- ItemPsidium cattleyanum Sabine: a influência do conteúdo de DNA na formação de quimiotipos e na atividade em diferentes modelos biológicos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-12-19) Spadeto, Micheli Sossai; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-1378; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6497624091795405; Menini, Luciano; https://orcid.org/0000000336565428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646344913961349; Oliveira, Stefanie Cristina de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-2601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6404885772178652; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000000283660738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016Polyploidy is defined as the presence of two or more chromosomal assemblies in an organism and has been reported as one of the most important mechanisms of plant speciation and diversification, and may result from the fusion of two genomes of distinct species (alopoliploidia) or genomes of individuals of the same species (autopolyploidy). Gene duplication in polyploid plants generates high inter and intraspecific variability, which may influence the production of secondary metabolites and, consequently, the chemical composition of essential oils and the formation of different chemotypes. Within the genus Psidium (basic chromosome number x = 11), some species have been described as polyploids, among them, Psidium cattleyanum Sabine. For this species, cytogenetic studies reported nine cytotypes, with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 22 to 2n = 132 chromosomes. In this context, considering the existence of this variation in ploidy in P. cattleyanum, the present work aimed to study the influence of this variation on the qualitative and quantitative production of different essential oil chemotypes and also to relate the different DNA contents with the biological activity of these oils in Lactuca sativa, Sorghum bicolor and Aedes aegypti. Through flow cytometry it was possible to observe differences in the DNA content of the analyzed plants and by chromatographic profile analysis were also identified three distinct chemotypes. Plants with higher DNA content (6.03 and 5.81pg) showed higher yield and are mostly composed of hydrogenated sesquiterpenes, while plants with lower DNA content (3.95, 3.23, 3.80 and 3.20pg) produce less oil and are composed. by hydrogenated monoterpenes. In addition, a plant with a median DNA content (4.71pg) compared to the others presented intermediate yield and composition between the two previous groups. Thus a direct relationship between the DNA content and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the essential oils of Psidium cattleyanum was observed. In the vegetable and larvicide bioassays, the oils showed activity and demonstrated potential as bioherbicides and biolarvicides.