Teses e Dissertações

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Navegando Teses e Dissertações por Assunto ""Produtores de água""

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    Aperfeiçoamento do emprego da equação universal de perda de solo na aplicação do pagamento por serviços ambientais da política espírito-santense de recursos hídricos
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-08-31) Ribeiro, Anna Paula Laje; Teixeira, Edmilson Costa; Folegatti, Marcos Vinícius; Rigo, Daniel
    The mechanism of Payment for Environmental Services is a management tool in water resources policy of the state of Espírito Santo, which has the project Produtores de Água as part of this. This project is based on soil conservation for improvement/maintenance of water quality of streams and, therefore, offers financial compensation to those that preserve or reconstruct the vegetation of the riparian forest of strategic watersheds in the state. The formulation of this project is based, in simplified form, methodologically, in some components of the USLE factors as technical parameters for determining the coefficients of valuation. Accordingly to these factors, this paper aims to propose a methodological improvement of the use of USLE in the development of that project. For this, the following aspects were considered and evaluated: use of GIS tools - not used by the current methodology, formulas for calculating the topographic factor LS more consistent with reality - the current methodology takes only three average values for the slope S (32.5%, 60.0% and 87.5%), ignores values less than 20% slope and take L to be constant and equal to 100 meters; adoption of CP values for the factor relating to the use and conservation management of soil - the version methodological back in force only for the conservation of forests, and RK use of the product as a factor of relativity space effort to reduce potential soil loss on the property - the current methodology does not review this product. In developing of this study, we used the three watersheds in what the project Produtores de Água was applied in its experimental phase and 30 of the 197 selected properties that formed the database of the project in may 2011. Among the results of a comparative study involving the current methodology of the project and methodologies aimed at improving it, follows that: that there is enough difference between the two techniques discussed in the LS (calculated using the current methodology may have its value be undersized or oversized, respectively, topography is steep / flat), and taking the proposed methodology as more appropriate, there was its use, the CP factor when changing the type of land use proved to be very effective in reducing soil loss potential, however , was not sensitive analysis of this feature in the evolution process between stages of forest, and factor RK noted that the distance between the properties directly impacts on their variation, being an important tool of relativity space. Other than that, guidelines were proposed to enable the implementation of these initiatives results in PES, especially in the design of Produtores de Água