Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental
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Navegando Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental por Assunto "Adsorption"
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- ItemAvaliação da adsorção do herbicida 2,4-D em carvão ativado em pó e granular por meio de análises de isotermas de adsorção utilizando diferentes qualidades de água(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-06-11) Loureiro, Lorena Frasson; Freitas, Jair Carlos Checon de; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Benetti, Antonio Domingues; Reis, José Antonio Tosta dosThis research aims to evaluate the activated carbon (AC) physical-chemicals characteristics generated from coconut´s peel and pinus and associate them to 2,4-D herbicide adsorption capacity of studied activated carbons by adsorption isotherms assay in destilated and deionized water (DDW) and filtered water (FW) from Freundlich and Langmuir models, as well as verifying the carbon granulometry reduction interference on the 2,4-D adsorption capacity. Firstly, the DDW was used to evaluate the AC herbicide adsorption efficiency without any interferent which might compete with 2,4-D and to compare the results obtained from DDW with FW results. 2,4-D pH solution (6,86) was fitted to real operational values/conditions of Carapina Water Treatment Plant (WTP) – ES, which provide the FW used in this study. The research used vegetable AC provided by two Brazilian producers. One company provided GAC and PAC derivated from coconut peel. The GAC used with the normal granulometry (08x30 mesh) was named CA-1, and with a granulometry lower than 325 mesh was named CA-2. CAP was named CA-3. The another company provided PAC derivated from pinus, which was named CA-4. CA-3 showed higher maximum adsorption capacity (qAmax). The physical-chemicals analysis did not contributed to the most efficient coal selection and, statistically, there were not differences between DDW and FW assays.
- ItemAvaliação da remoção do ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) em águas através do uso de carvão granular (CAG) em pequenas colunas (escala experimental)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-08-27) Rozário, Andréia do; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Dantas, Angela Di Bernardo; Gonçalves, Ricardo FranciThe increased use of pesticides in Brazil has caused many concerns due to environmental and health problems they can cause. Many of these products are not efficiently removed by conventional treatment of water, requiring alternatives that remove the water supply. One option is the use of granular activated carbon (GAC) in fixed beds, because due to the high efficiency removal of microcontaminants and ease of operation, this technology is one of the most effective and reliable water treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through the Rapid Tests in Small Scale Column (RSSCT), the adsorption capacity of GAC in removing 2,4-D in samples of distilled / deionized (DDW) and filtered from the water treatment plant (FWTP) fortified (only with 2,4-D or associated with atrazina or 2,4,5-T). Pesticides were detected and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the methodology adapted and properly validated. Eight tests were performed with fixed beds in series, which varied the type of water used and the rate of surface application. The adsorption capacities obtained from water samples spiked with only 2.4-D had higher values than those obtained from isotherms. Furthermore, natural organic matter (NOM) had a great influence on the adsorption of 2,4-D, decreasing its adsorption capacity. In the tests performed with effluent spiked with only FWTP with 2,4-D was observed by absorbance values at 254 nm, the removal of the MON by CAG. Furthermore, there was a preferential adsorption of hydrophobic pesticides (2,4,5-T, and atrazine) to the 2,4-D, since in all tests water samples spiked with 2,4-D associated with 2,4,5-T or atrazine, there was a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the CAG.
- ItemRemoção do ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) por adsorção em carvão ativado pulverizado associado ao tratamento convencional de água para consumo humano(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-07-05) Leal, Waldiléia Pereira; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Paschoalato, Cristina Filomêna Pereira Rosa; Reis, José Antonio Tosta dosThe 2,4-D is the second most widely used herbicide in Brazil, reaching the public water supply. Due to the limitation of conventional treatment in removing microcontaminants and capacity of activated carbon to remove them, this study investigated the application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the removal of 2,4-D in adsorption process associated with conventional treatment using raw water from the Rio Santa Maria da Vitória in equipment jartest. The diagrams of coagulation were constructed through treatability study of water using aluminum sulfate and polyaluminum chloride as coagulants. Tests of adsorption with carbons derived from coconut shells (PAC 1) and pinus (PAC 2) were characterized and evaluated in its ability to remove 2,4-D. The removal of natural organic matter was also determined by measuring the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV absorbance at 254 nm. To detection and quantification of analytes, acids 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-DCP an analytical methodology for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) was developed and validated. Through the adsorption data, the PAC 1 showed greater capacity for removal of 2,4-D and was associated with conventional treatment, fifteen minutes prior, one minute prior to or one minute after the addition of the aluminum sulfate. The results indicated that the addition of coagulant had no effect on adsorption capacity of the PAC 1 which showed to be being effective for the removal of herbicide, given the drinking water quality standards force.
- ItemRemoção do herbicida 2,4-D por meio do tratamento convencional da água e adsorção em carvão ativado granular em instalação piloto(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-01) Brega, Renata Santos; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Reis, José Antônio Tosta dos; De Julio, MarceloThe population growth pushes agricultural production towards intensive use of pesticides that increase productivity. However, incorrect use can result in serious problem at water treatment plants and negatively impact in public health. According to laboratory-scale studies, conventional treatment, one of the most used in Brazil, presents negligible removal of 2,4-D. The activated carbon adsorption have been documented to be effective for the removal of various contaminants, including pesticides. Thus, it was evaluated the removal of the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5 -T and metabolite 2,4- DCP using the conventional treatment and granular activated carbon adsorption, in a pilot-plant. The granular activated carbon used was manufactured from coconut shell. The herbicides concentration was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode array detection and solid phase extraction. The combination of conventional treatment and granular activated carbon adsorption showed high removal of 2,4-D (99%) reaching final concentrations below the limit of Portaria MS n° 2914/2011. Conventional treatment, however, also showed considerable removal of 2,4- D (35-59%), with a high percentage removal obtained in sedimentation (30-52%), suggesting that there were interaction between natural organic matter and 2,4-D, increasing the removal in this step. 2,4-DCP and 2,4,5-T showed concentrations below the detection limit.