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- ItemPropagação in vitro de Cedrela fissilis Vell. uma espécie arbórea brasileira ameaçada de extinção(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-21) Bonfá, Yasmim Smarsaro; Werner, Elias Terra; Corte, Viviana Borges; Gontijo, Andreia Passos LimaCedrela fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) is a valuable wood species from the Atlantic Forest and have been widely explored that takes it to the risk of extinction (VU category). The in vitro propagation of native forestry species presents as a viable source to reverse and alleviate this situation. Dude to the few studies available of in vitro culture of C. fissilis that associate the productivity rise with maximization of cost-benefit, this work aimed at describing a protocol for vegetative propagation of C. fissilis using micropropagation technique. For in vitro germination, it was tested the MS and B5 medium, the total concentration and half force, and half force MS medium was chosen later because of the better results of %G (82) and GSI (1.218). For micropropagation, the explants were cultivated for buds induction in MS medium supplemented with cytokinins KIN or BAP (0; 0.5; 2; 4 µM) isolatedly, and for roots induction it was used MS supplemented with auxins AIB or ANA (0; 1; 3 µM) isolatedly. The buds induction were significantly affected by the explant origin and the concentration of cytokinin used in the process. The highest scores for bud numbers (3.84) and bud length (2.2) were reached in MS without cytokinin supplementation. The rooting was reached in all treatments, with number of roots for explants being numerically higher (2.55) in the one supplemented with 3 µM AIB. The regenerated plants were acclimatazed in sterile commercial substrate, with ex vitro survival rate higher than 10% after 30 days.
- ItemEfeito alelopático de nanoemulsões produzidas com óleo essencial de alecrim e óleo-resina de copaíba(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Chamoun, Luciana Barbosa Soares; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Corte, Viviana Borges; Werner, Elias Terra; Nascimento, Vitor de LaiaAllelopathy is defined as the ability of plants to produce chemical compounds that, when released into the environment, can influence, positively or negatively, other plants. Essential oils are secondary metabolites obtained from different parts of the plant, containing volatile compounds that may be associated with biological effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) and oil-resin of Copaifera spp. (Copaiba), in the form of nanoemulsions, since the efficiency of the compounds can be improved. The nanoemulsions were produced with a concentration of 5% of the oils of Rosemary and Copaíba and, later, diluted with distilled water to 5, 7 and 10 mg / mL. Germination, initial growth, and enzymatic activity of the seeds of the species Lactuca sativa (Lettuce) were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized and for each treatment, 5 replications were made. The germination and growth data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that the rosemary essential oil nanoemulsions had a negative allelopathic influence on the germination percentage (% G), germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), leaf length, root length and decrease in the activity of the enzyme peroxidase. The increase in concentration led to more pronounced results in the analyzed variables. Such effects are due to the specific action of their main chemical constituents or, possibly, by the interaction between them. The monoterpene 1,8-cineole is reported as a potent inhibitor and appears as the major constituent of the rosemary essential oil. The nanoemulsions of Copaiba oil-resin showed a positive influence on some evaluated attributes. There was no influence on %G, shoot length and enzyme activity. The lowest concentrations of the copaiba oil nanoemulsions used in this study (5 and 7 mg / mL) showed stimulatory allelopathic effect on root growth. The non-allelopathic influence on the %G can be attributed to the chemical structure of the sesquiterpene caryophyllene, a compound found in greater quantity in the copaiba oil. These results indicate that the allelopathic influence is related to the constitution and structure of the chemical components, as well as their concentration
- ItemAtividades antioxidante, alelopática e antigenotóxica do exopolissacarídeo carboximetilado botriosferana(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Gervásio, Suiany Vitorino; Sena, Geralda Gillian Silva; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; França, Hildegardo SeibertSecondary metabolites constitute an important part of the plants. Present protection function,assist in environmental responses and adaptation of plants to the environment. Its chemical composition is what favors the activities performed by secondary metabolites and enables its most diverse applications, whether for the treatment of diseases with the direct use of plants or production for industry. In search of new sources of secondary metabolites, the algae and fungi presented themselves as prominent groups, being used because of how ease is the production of these metabolites; without requiring large spaces and investments. Among the fungi, the genus Botryospaheria, known to cause diseases in plants, houses the species Botryosphaeriarhodina, which causes eucalyptus cancer, a promoter of fruit rot and is known for the production ofbotriosferana, a polysaccharide producedextracellularly, of type ß-glucana with type ß-(1 ? 3.1 ? 6) links and of low solubility. Botriosferanapresents antioxidant activity as well ashypocholesterolemic, antimutagenic, antifungal and antiviral activity. Aiming to potentialize these activities this molecule has undergone a structural alteration, carboxymethylation, where the number of branches is increased and therefore also its solubility. To verify that the increase in solubility has altered its activity, analyses of the antioxidants were performed by methods of DDPH, Abts, Frap and Iron chelating2+as well as the allelopathic activityin the test systems Allium Strain and Lactuca sativa, the cellular viability of human lymphocytes and sarcoma 180 by the MTT methodand the evaluation of mutagenic activity and antimutagenic in mice. The carboxymethylated botriosferana presented antioxidant activity only in two methods, DPPH and iron chelating, not presenting anyallelopathicactivity. Increased cell viability of lymphocytes, mainly under 48h of exposure, and was selective to decrease the cell viability of 180 sarcoma under 48h of exposure. It did not present mutagenic activity, but was antimutagenic, considerably decreasing the micronuclei values compared to positive control. The results obtained indicate that the structural alteration maintained the activities previously described and which were reassessed by comparing the reduction of damage caused by cyclophosphamide, there is an indication that the structural change potentiated this activity of the carboxymethylatedbotriosferana. When considering all the activities performed by botriosferana, it is possible to observe its potential application as an adjuvant for the treatment of chronic non- communicable diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, and also for the treatment of cancer.
- ItemUtilização da vinhaça no cultivo da microalga Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kützing) Silva visando à produção de Biomassa aplicada ao mercado de biodiesel(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Guarieiro, Mayara dos Santos; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Almeida, Stéfano Zorzal de; Lo Monaco, Paola Alfonsa VieiraThe microalgae are able to supply large amounts of biomass rich in biocides of commercial interest and their use in the biofuel market is a promising alternative. However, it’s important to have the cost of the crops, requiring a search for alternatives that aim to make the costs of the process, aiming at large-scale production. The use of industrial waste is a strategy to reduce production costs through a use of available resources. The objective of this work was to reuse food as a source of nutrients for microalgae and flacidium as an alternative for the production of biofuels. For this purpose, the vineyard, the residual water of the sugarcane distillation process, was used. The experiments were carried out in the room of cultivation of the Laboratory of Taxonomy and Ecology of Continental Algae - Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). The analysis was carried out to follow the growth and development of the culture grown in three different types of wine (10%, 20% and 30%) diluted in distilled water. In terms of cell density, the results were observed in the treatments with 20% (1.3 x 10 cel.mL-1) and a biomass presented results at 20 and 30% dilution. In relation to the biochemical characterization of the biomass produced, the protein and lipid content decreased as the vinasse concentration increased in the media. Thus, the use of the biomass produced by the crop is not intended to optimize another use that is not a biodiesel production. In contrast, a biomass was rich in carbohydrates, which suggests its application as a potential material for the production of bioethanol. The cultivation of K. flaccidum in vinasse still demonstrates nutrient efficiency, such as ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate, with removal percentages of 97.27% and 40.17% respectively, thus reducing the pollutant load of the vinasse, thus minimizing environmental impacts. Considering the results obtained, the cultivation of K. flaccidum microalgae in vinasse can be an alternative to the sustainable and low cost development for the production of biomass to the market of biofuels linked to the treatment of waste water.
- ItemEfeito da depleção de nitrogênio no crescimento, morfologia e composição bioquímica de Picocystis salinarum Lewin como matéria-prima para a produção de biodiesel(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Delgado, Ronald Mauricio Tarazona; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Antunes, Paulo Wagnner PereiraIn recent years, biodiesel production has attracted worldwide attention due to the awareness of the depletion of fossil fuels, and microalgae biomass is considered a promising raw material. To optimize the biodiesel production process from this resource, the selection of the strain and identification of its cultivation conditions to maximize lipid productivity and improving the fatty acid profile are necessary. The present study aims to analyze the effect of three concentrations of nitrogen depletion (0.5, 0.25 e 0.125 N) on the growth, morphology and biochemical composition of native microalgae Picocystis salinarum Lewin in two culture media (f/2 and J/1) as a potential source of raw material for biodiesel. Cultures were carried out in erlenmeyers, in triplicate and under controlled physicochemical conditions. Analysis of cell density, growth kinetics, dry mass, photosynthetic pigments, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and determination of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) contents were performed. The cell density and dry mass of P. salinarum decreased proportionally with nitrogen depletion in the f/2 medium, with the maximum values of 13,1 x 106cel.mL-1 and 0,89 g.mL-1 were registered in the control (1 N). In the J/1 medium, depletion didn’t influence growth measures, registered values of 19,7 ± 1,1 x 106cel.mL-1 and 0,96 g.mL-1 . Nitrogen depletion promoted the formation of lipid bodies and starch grains as reserve organelles evidenced by TEM. In the treatment of 0.125 N of the f/2 medium, the lipid bodies appeared markedly, whereas in the J/1 medium the presence of lipid bodies and starch grains occurred together. The content of pigments was also influenced by nitrogen depletion, in f/2 medium there was reduction of chlorophyll a and b (0,24 and 0,14 µg.mL-1 ) and increased carotenoids (3,35 µg.mL-1 ) in relation inversely proportional to the concentration of nitrogen tested. Depletion in the J/1 medium didn’t cause significant difference in the pigments relative to the control. In the f/2 medium, protein (2,9%) and carbohydrate (31%) content decreased with nitrogen depletion, lipid content (33,8%) was elevated, becoming the most predominant biomolecule (0.125 N). Nitrogen depletion in the J/1 medium stimulated the lipid content (22.3%) and carbohydrates (32%). In the 0.5 N treatment, in both culture media, saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the most representative of FAME, mainly due to the increase of palmitic acid. By the high concentration of SFA in the 0.5 N treatments in both culture media (996,08 µg.g-1ms in f/2 medium and 959,09 µg.g-1ms in J/1 medium) and low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19,87 µg.g-1ms in f/2 medium and 0,37 µg.g-1ms in J/1 medium), the biomass of P. salinarum proved to be ideal for use in industry as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel.