O impacto da legislação brasileira na conservação da mata atlântica e suas implicações no habitat de marsupiais
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Data
2024-10-30
Autores
Borsonelli, Marcilene
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The Atlantic Forest is classified as a National Heritage Site by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, and is protected by the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law. However, this ecosystem is becoming increasingly fragmented, which directly affects the mammals that inhabit this region, such as marsupials. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the Federal Constitution, the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law on the protection of the Atlantic Forest and the conservation of marsupial forest habitat. We used land use and land cover maps from the MapBiomas Project, considering two categories of classes: “Vegetation Cover” and “Forests”, and the extent of the Atlantic Forest according to the Law Enforcement Map and the Map of Brazilian Biomes. There was a loss of vegetation between 1985 and 2022, with the area not included in the Biomes Map being the region most susceptible to deforestation, showing a reduction of 11.9% in Vegetation Cover and 21.6% in Forests. After the enactment of the laws, the area of vegetation increased or remained stable, which highlights the importance of legislation for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest, especially the Atlantic Forest Law, which proved to be more effective. Of the 13 marsupial species analyzed, two showed a gain in habitat: Marmosops paulensis (+1.7%) and Monodelphis pinocchio (+0.8%). Among the others, Monodelphis americana (-16.5%), Cryptonanus guahybae (-10.7%) and Lutreolina crassicaudata (-10.6%) showed the highest rates of loss. In general, the species with the smallest areas of occurrence in the Atlantic Forest showed the greatest loss of forest habitat.
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Lei da Mata Atlântica , Lei de proteção da vegetação nativa , Perda de habitat