Mestrado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17509

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=30

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    Diversidade e estrutura genética das tartarugas-oliva,Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), no Atlântico Sudoeste
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-27) Foerste, Brenda; Vargas, Sarah Maria ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956218219090768; Gomes, Rita Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-3648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3554033402212822; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3581-5911; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7576537244289061; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; Stahelin, Gustavo David ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4786 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9287217385031165
    The olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a marine species with a broad circumglobal distribution, considered one of the most abundant worldwide and classified as "Vulnerable" by both the IUCN and National Species Red List. In Brazil, its reproduction is primarily concentrated between the states of Sergipe, Bahia, and Espírito Santo, while foraging areas are utilized along the entire coast. The present study investigated the connectivity and genetic diversity of olive ridley turtle populations in nesting areas and feeding aggregations in the Southwest Atlantic. Through the analysis of seven microsatellite markers, we identified significant patterns of genetic differentiation between the breeding and feeding areas despite the low and similar genetic diversity values observed. Comparison with other populations of the species globally revealed lower genetic diversity in Brazilian olive ridley turtles compared to other Atlantic and, particularly, Indo-Pacific populations. Additionally, the genetic diversity of the Brazilian nesting population was the lowest, even lower than that found in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) that nest on the coast of Espírito Santo and are classified as Critically Endangered. Although we detected evidence of subtle genetic structuring among the different nesting sites in Brazil, we did not observe a clear genetic separation between nesting and feeding areas, nor between the different feeding areas sampled. Despite the difficulty in determining the origin of individuals in the foraging areas, this study allowed us to infer valuable information about gene flow along the Brazilian coast. In summary, this research represents a significant advancement in understanding the genetic dynamics of olive ridley turtle populations in the Southwest Atlantic, providing a foundation for future investigations on a broader scale and for the development of more effective management and conservation strategies aligned with the species' movement patterns
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    Respostas histofisiológicas de Uca maracoani (latreille, 1802-1803) frente à variação hídrica e salina
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-13) Brandão, Carolina de Farias; Capparelli, Mariana Vellosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-7623; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6726475882999699 ; Faleiros, Rogério Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-9957; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3790595531311291; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-172X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756666090096576 ; Augusto, Alessandra da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-9042; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3167813441577674 ; Maraschi, Anieli Cristina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-9709; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5896110724916724
    Semi-terrestrial crustaceans, inhabitants of coastal regions such as the fiddler crab Uca maracoani, face recurrent variations in salinity and water availability imposed by the tidal regime, requiring physiological and structural adjustments to maintain the composition of body fluids. The maintenance of osmotic and ionic homeostasis is ensured by differential mechanisms of hyper- (salt uptake) and hypo-regulation (salt secretion) in intertidal species. Accordingly, this study investigated the histophysiological responses of U. maracoani to desiccation and submersion at different salinities (10, 30, and 50 ‰). After being collected from the São Mateus River estuary (ES, Brazil), adult crabs were maintained in the laboratory and subjected to tolerance tests in which the maximum survival time under desiccation or submersion at different salinities was determined. Based on these data and considering the influence of the tidal regime, an experimental exposure time of six hours was established. The animals were assigned to two main groups: control (maintained in a water layer at 10, 30, and 50 ‰) and fully submerged at the same salinities. An additional group was subjected to desiccation for six hours, with animals maintained in a 30 ‰S water layer used as control. Hemolymph osmolality and chloride concentration were measured, with calculations of osmo- and ionoregulatory capacities. The last pair of posterior gills (7º) was histologically analyzed for effects on gill lamella thickness. The results showed longer tolerance to submersion (with no salinity effect), with no mortality up to 240 h, whereas exposure to desiccation resulted in 100% mortality before 120 h. Total osmoregulatory capacity and the isosmotic point varied from 0.11 and 28 ‰S, respectively, under control conditions, to 0.18 and 25.6 ‰S in submerged animals, being considered strong in both cases. On the other hand, total ionoregulatory capacity for chloride ranged from 0.02 in control animals to 0.34 in submerged ones, shifting from very strong to weak ionoregulation. The iso-ionic point for chloride did not vary, remaining at ≈350 mM (≈22 ‰S). Changes in osmo- and ionoregulatory capacities were associated with reduced chloride secretion ability (hypo-ionoregulation) under high salinity. Desiccation led to a significant decrease in hemolymph osmolality and shrinkage of gill lamella thickness. In submersion experiments, there was no treatment effect (control vs. submerged), but exposure to high salinity (50 ‰) in both treatments induced thickening of the gill epithelium.Thus, it can be concluded that U. maracoani integrates morphophysiological responses that support its persistence in estuarine environments under recurrent tidal fluctuations, although it shows vulnerability to prolonged aerial exposure and reduced chloride secretion capacity under hypersaline submersion.
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    Extração de lipídeos por Soxhlet para quantificação de corticosterona em penas e avaliação da variação hormonal entre diferentes penas de Harpia harpyja
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-08) Silva , Thassiane Targino da; Oliveira, Jairo Pinto de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-1183; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2228283301316218; Santos, Aureo Banhos dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-5816; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-311X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4570260540632709; Silva, Maria Aparecida da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-3925; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9360093834818219; Sanaiotti, Tania Margarete ;  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-2784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3738217550719352
    Corticosterone, the primary glucocorticoid produced by birds, is an essential biomarker for stress assessment in veterinary endocrinology. Monitoring corticosterone in feathers has emerged as a promising alternative for studies on threatened and hard-to-access species, such as the harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja). However, the extraction and analysis of corticosterone from feathers face technical and validation challenges, including uncertainties regarding extraction efficiency, patterns of hormonal deposition, the influence of morphological characteristics, and the interpretation of data as biological and environmental indicators. This study aimed to compare two lipid extraction methods for the quantification of corticosterone in feathers from a captive adult, healthy female Harpia harpyja. In addition, it sought to evaluate intraindividual variation in corticosterone levels among different types of feathers from the same individual. Nineteen feathers—flight and body feathers—collected between July 2024 and March 2025 were analyzed. After preparation and weighing, the samples were subjected to methanol extraction according to each of the tested methodologies, followed by solvent evaporation and reconstitution in phosphate buffer for both. Corticosterone quantification was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed greater efficiency of the Soxhlet method, indicating that repeated contact of the sample with fresh solvent and the higher processing temperature yield superior hormone recovery. Moreover, the method reduced total extraction time by approximately 50% and proved less costly. Intraindividual analysis revealed variations in corticosterone levels among feathers from different body regions of the same bird. Tertiary/scapular feathers, followed by remiges and rectrices, showed the highest hormone concentrations, whereas head coverts and flank coverts exhibited the lowest, demonstrating that morphological characteristics influence corticosterone incorporation and should be considered when interpreting data. This is the first study to quantify corticosterone in feathers of Harpia harpyja, as well as the first to apply the Soxhlet extraction methodology for this purpose. The superiority of Soxhlet extraction for corticosterone, alongside other additional benefits of the technique, was confirmed. The wide variability in hormonal content among feathers from the same individual suggests the need for sample standardization by size, weight, coloration, and function. The findings of this research broaden methodological perspectives in conservation endocrinology, with particular benefits when dealing with rare samples, such as those from Harpia harpyja.
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    Cruzamentos experimentais revelam estágios iniciais de especiação em Akodon cursor (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-14) Haase, Amanda Freitas; Fagundes, Valéria ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-0751; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2606838076983468; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-3897; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7499654617304328; Vargas, Sarah Maria ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956218219090768; Carmignotto, Ana Paula ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315
    Akodon cursor Winge, 1887 is a remarkable species due to its wide geographic distribution across the eastern Atlantic Forest, spanning an extensive latitudinal gradient of over 2,500 km— from Paraíba to northern Paraná—covering the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Ge rais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. The species exhibits high karyotypic diversity, with 31 recognized karyotypes varying in diploid number (2n = 14, 15, and 16), unevenly distribu ted across populations. It also presents a well-supported phylogeographic structure comprising three major clades (North, Central, and South), each containing individuals with all three diploid num bers. These features have raised the hypothesis that A. cursor may comprise more than one taxon, potentially differentiated by karyotype, geography, or both. This study employed intra- and interpo pulation experimental crossbreeding to assess reproductive barriers among populations representati ve of the species’ geographic, phylogenetic, and karyotypic variability: Pernambuco (PE, North cla de, 2n = 16), Bahia (BA, North clade, 2n = 14, 15, and 16), and Espírito Santo (ES, South clade, 2n = 14). A total of 55 matrices (31 males and 24 females) were collected from the wild between 2013 and 2016, generating 495 live offspring through 334 controlled crosses. Of these, 66 intrapopulation crosses established baseline reproductive parameters for the species: Reproductive Success (RS, i.e., proportion of crosses resulting in offspring), Litter Size (LS), and Gestation Length in days (GL). RS was analyzed using Bayesian Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and LS was assessed via Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Conover–Iman post hoc comparisons. Interpopulation crosses were used to investigate the presence of reproductive barriers. Intrapopulation crosses showed, on average, RS = 56.06%, LS = 3.7 ± 1.04, and GL = 24.6 ± 1.69. Among interpopulation crosses, re duced RS was observed in ♂PE16×♀ES14 (RS = 26.67%) and ♂PE16×♀BA14–16 (RS = 0), suggesting incomplete reproductive barriers. In contrast, BA14×ES14 crosses (RS = 33%) showed no barrier. The resulting F1 hybrids with 2n = 15 (F115) were sterile males and fertile females in the interpopula tion PE16×ES14 cross, whereas in the intrapopulation BA16×BA14 cross, F115 were fertile (RS = 14.3%) despite reduced RS. Based on RS data, our results do not support the existence of complete reproductive isolation among these populations. The production of sterile F1 males and fertile fema les in ES14×PE16 crosses aligns with Haldane’s Rule, which describes patterns of postzygotic isolati on. Additionally, reduced RS values are consistent with asymmetric reinforcement, supported by the lower fitness of F1 hybrids between these populations. Notably, RS reduction patterns do not align with the species’ phylogeographic structure, as lower RS was observed in crosses between po ix pulations within the same clade (BA and PE). Reproductive performance of 2n = 15 individuals ranged from complete sterility to partial fertility, depending on the parental combination. We propo se, therefore, a complex model of incipient speciation in Akodon cursor, shaped by geographic and karyotypic factors and involving multiple degrees of reproductive isolation
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    Cruzamentos experimentais revelam estágios iniciais de especiação em Akodon cursor (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-14) Haase, Amanda Freitas; Fagundes, Valéria; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-0751; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2606838076983468; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-3897; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7499654617304328; Vargas, Sarah Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956218219090768; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315
    Akodon cursor Winge, 1887 is a remarkable species due to its wide geographic distribution across the eastern Atlantic Forest, spanning an extensive latitudinal gradient of over 2,500 km— from Paraíba to northern Paraná—covering the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. The species exhibits high karyotypic diversity, with 31 recognized karyotypes varying in diploid number (2n = 14, 15, and 16), unevenly distributed across populations. It also presents a well-supported phylogeographic structure comprising three major clades (North, Central, and South), each containing individuals with all three diploid numbers. These features have raised the hypothesis that A. cursor may comprise more than one taxon, potentially differentiated by karyotype, geography, or both. This study employed intra- and interpopulation experimental crossbreeding to assess reproductive barriers among populations representative of the species’ geographic, phylogenetic, and karyotypic variability: Pernambuco (PE, North clade, 2n = 16), Bahia (BA, North clade, 2n = 14, 15, and 16), and Espírito Santo (ES, South clade, 2n = 14). A total of 55 matrices (31 males and 24 females) were collected from the wild between 2013 and 2016, generating 495 live offspring through 334 controlled crosses. Of these, 66 intrapopulation crosses established baseline reproductive parameters for the species: Reproductive Success (RS, i.e., proportion of crosses resulting in offspring), Litter Size (LS), and Gestation Length in days (GL). RS was analyzed using Bayesian Generalized Linear Models (GLM), and LS was assessed via Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by Conover–Iman post hoc comparisons. Interpopulation crosses were used to investigate the presence of reproductive barriers. Intrapopulation crosses showed, on average, RS = 56.06%, LS = 3.7 ± 1.04, and GL = 24.6 ± 1.69. Among interpopulation crosses, reduced RS was observed in ♂PE16×♀ES14 (RS = 26.67%) and ♂PE16×♀BA14–16 (RS = 0), suggesting incomplete reproductive barriers. In contrast, BA14×ES14 crosses (RS = 33%) showed no barrier. The resulting F1 hybrids with 2n = 15 (F115) were sterile males and fertile females in the interpopulation PE16×ES14 cross, whereas in the intrapopulation BA16×BA14 cross, F115 were fertile (RS = 14.3%) despite reduced RS. Based on RS data, our results do not support the existence of complete reproductive isolation among these populations. The production of sterile F1 males and fertile females in ES14×PE16 crosses aligns with Haldane’s Rule, which describes patterns of postzygotic isolation. Additionally, reduced RS values are consistent with asymmetric reinforcement, supported by the lower fitness of F1 hybrids between these populations. Notably, RS reduction patterns do not align with the species’ phylogeographic structure, as lower RS was observed in crosses between poix pulations within the same clade (BA and PE). Reproductive performance of 2n = 15 individuals ranged from complete sterility to partial fertility, depending on the parental combination. We propose, therefore, a complex model of incipient speciation in Akodon cursor, shaped by geographic and karyotypic factors and involving multiple degrees of reproductive isolation.