Mestrado em Biologia Animal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=30
Navegar
Submissões Recentes
- ItemComparação morfométrica entre crânios de híbridos e seus parentais Akodon cursor e Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-31) Teixeira, Júlia Andrade Frederico; Paresque, Roberta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-4144; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5411026526760218; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1528-580X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755088166225492; Assis, Ana Paula Aprígio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-6352; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1901397112835628; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950This study investigates the cranial morphological differences between two species of rodents, Akodon cursor (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia) and Akodon montensis (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia), and their hybrids, highlighting the implications of hybridization for morphological inheritance. We analyzed a total of 122 specimens, including adults from both species and hybrids. Markings were made on the skulls of the specimens to obtain intersection points. From these points, we obtained the coordinates of the geometric landmarks, resulting in 38 distances. To examine and compare these distances, statistical methods such as ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Comparative Analysis of Complexity and Modularity Parameters, and Generalized Procrustes Analyses (GPA) were applied. The results indicated that the sampling effort was adequate to capture most of the variation in cranial measurements, as evidenced by the rarefaction curves, which showed stabilization of metrics after approximately 30 specimens for each group. Significant differences among the three groups were found in 23 of the 38 cranial distances (p ≤ 0.05), highlighting relevant morphological variations that likely reflect specific adaptations. Notably, A. cursor exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics compared to the other groups, suggesting stronger selective pressures in its habitat. The findings reinforce previous studies indicating that hybridization contributes to an increase in morphological diversity, allowing for greater adaptability in varied ecological niches. The PCA revealed considerable morphological overlap between A. cursor, A. montensis, and the hybrids, suggesting phenotypic similarity among the groups. The CDA showed significant separation between the groups, with the intermediate position of the hybrids reflecting the phenotypic inheritance from both parents. The first discriminant function accounted for most of the observed variation. Additionally, the Comparative Analysis of Complexity Parameters, combined with the GPA, confirmed these results. These analyses indicated that hybrids not only retain characteristics from both parents but also position themselves morphologically between the two groups. The cranial morphological analysis revealed significant differences between A. cursor, A. montensis, and hybrids, suggesting distinct ecological adaptations and diverse evolutionary processes. Hybridization emerges as an important evolutionary process that generates morphological diversity and maintains genetic variation in contact zones. The observed differences among the three groups likely reflect different ecological strategies, with A. cursor and A. montensis resulting from distinct evolutionary trajectories, while hybrids explore a combination of resources from both parents. This study highlights the interaction between morphology, ecology, and evolution in Akodon species, underscoring the importance of hybridization in generating phenotypic and adaptive diversity
- ItemO impacto da legislação brasileira na conservação da mata atlântica e suas implicações no habitat de marsupiais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-30) Borsonelli, Marcilene; Loss, Ana Carolina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Geise, LenaThe Atlantic Forest is classified as a National Heritage Site by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, and is protected by the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law. However, this ecosystem is becoming increasingly fragmented, which directly affects the mammals that inhabit this region, such as marsupials. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the Federal Constitution, the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law on the protection of the Atlantic Forest and the conservation of marsupial forest habitat. We used land use and land cover maps from the MapBiomas Project, considering two categories of classes: “Vegetation Cover” and “Forests”, and the extent of the Atlantic Forest according to the Law Enforcement Map and the Map of Brazilian Biomes. There was a loss of vegetation between 1985 and 2022, with the area not included in the Biomes Map being the region most susceptible to deforestation, showing a reduction of 11.9% in Vegetation Cover and 21.6% in Forests. After the enactment of the laws, the area of vegetation increased or remained stable, which highlights the importance of legislation for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest, especially the Atlantic Forest Law, which proved to be more effective. Of the 13 marsupial species analyzed, two showed a gain in habitat: Marmosops paulensis (+1.7%) and Monodelphis pinocchio (+0.8%). Among the others, Monodelphis americana (-16.5%), Cryptonanus guahybae (-10.7%) and Lutreolina crassicaudata (-10.6%) showed the highest rates of loss. In general, the species with the smallest areas of occurrence in the Atlantic Forest showed the greatest loss of forest habitat.
- ItemMúltipla paternidade e razão sexual da população reprodutiva de dermochelys coriacea (Vandeli, 1761) do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-27) Bispo, Gabriela Sarnaglia Caliari; Vargas, Sarah Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1968-0253; Ditchfield, Albert David; Lara, Camila ClozatoAccessing sea turtles' mating patterns and behavior is challenging, as they are difficult to observe due to their coastal and oceanic habitats. Molecular biology techniques, such as microsatellite marker genotyping, have been useful in filling some of these observational gaps. Microsatellite markers have been used in population genetics studies due to their high variability and high mutation rate. Because of this characteristic, these markers are applicable in paternity studies as there is a low probability that individuals share the same alleles at different loci. This methodology has been widely explored to investigate multiple paternity in sea turtles, analyzing the possibility of more than one male contributing to each clutch. The present study investigated the level of multiple paternity and the sex ratio of the reproductive population of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, a “critically endangered” species, at beaches close to the river Doce mouth, in Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. This was the first study of multiple paternity in a Brazilian leatherback turtle population. Fifteen clutches from two consecutive seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21) were examined using six microsatellite markers. The results revealed multiple paternity in 60% of the clutches, and 41% of polygyny, with 1 to 6 males per clutch, and a sex ratio of 1.42 males for each female. This study provides a basis for future comparisons with other populations in Brazil to estimate the reproductive sex ratio of the species on the Brazilian coast, providing scientific support to understand male gene flow better and to prioritize conservation measures for leatherback sea turtles.
- ItemAprimoramento metodológico da técnica de plastinacão nas plumagens de aves: uma perspectiva estético-científica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-08) Silva, Marcos Vinícius Freitas; Bittencourt, Athelson Stefanon; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-2577; Santos, Áureo Banhos dos; Abreu, Tainá de; Baptista, Carlos Augusto de Camargo SouzaPlastination is considered the gold standard technique in the preservation of biological tissues, allowing for their conservation in a natural, non-toxic manner, with easy storage and high durability. However, the literature on bird plastination is scarce due to the complexity of feather treatment. Since birds are the second most diverse class among vertebrates, it is essential to document and preserve their diversity in collections through modern techniques. This study aimed to investigate and adapt the plastination process for bird plumage, preserving the morphological integrity and natural appearance of the specimens. Thirty-two carcasses of Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia) were used as a model, plastinated according to two impregnation protocols: at room temperature (±25 °C) and at low temperature (-25 °C). After impregnation, four treatments were applied, each with 6 specimens, under the two impregnation protocols: adsorption with starch, absorption with paper, heating (60 °C), and emulsification. Macro and microscopic analyses assessed the structural changes caused by the silicone and the effectiveness of the treatments. Additionally, the mass of the specimens was measured before and after the treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of silicone removal at the end of the process. The treatments that showed promising results were absorption with paper and adsorption with cornstarch; these demonstrated a significant visual aesthetic improvement, with effective removal of excess silicone from the feathers, while the other treatments did not produce promising aesthetic results. However, microscopically, although cornstarch removed much of the silicone from the surface of the feathers, it produced artifacts adhered to this surface, while the other treatments resulted in the formation of a silicone layer on the feather’s barbs. These results were extremely important for understanding the effect of plastination on feather structure, allowing the technique to be adapted for birds, expanding its use in educational and scientific collections, exhibition classes, and research. Furthermore, both treatments offer an economic and ecological solution for long-term collection management, contributing to the preservation of specimens with the highest quality when compared to the conventional plastination protocol. Finally, this study helped solve a problem that has challenged plastination since 1978, which is the plastination of birds with the natural preservation of feathers, aiding in the dissemination and application of the plastination technique to this highly diverse taxon.
- ItemFebre amarela em saguis-da-cara-branca (Callithrix geoffroyi) em uma paisagem urbana(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-07) Roque, Ana Thereza; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Strier, Karen Barbara ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cunha, Mariana Sequetin; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The aim of this study was to investigate whether the forest areas present within a 100m buffer of the urban area influenced the events of epizootic diseases in white-headed marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) in the urban environment, during a yellow fever outbreak in Espírito Santo. To test the hypothesis that environmental characteristics, such as the presence and size of forest fragments near built-up areas, may affect epizootic events on the species, we performed a Poisson Regression and a Microhabitat Classification. The Poisson Regression was based on the count of epizootics in grids of 1 km² and 9 km² and the analysis of its correlation with the size of the built-up area and the forest area within each cell of the grids. Microhabitat classification was made by measuring the distance from each epizootic point to the nearest forest fragment, and by observing and categorizing the area within the 100 m buffer around each point, considering categories A, wooded urban area, and B, edge of a forest fragment. Of the 123 events analyzed, 43.90% were in areas classified as forest edge (B) and 100% of them were in forested areas. The average distance between the reporting points and the nearest forest fragment was 140 m. In Poisson Regression, the two predictor variables showed a positive correlation with the notification of epizootics. From this, we discussed a possible pattern of yellow fever transmission in urban areas that is parallel to the wild and urban ones, occurring through synanthropic vectors and involving both human hosts and non-human primates