Mestrado em Biologia Animal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=30
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- ItemEstoques totais de carbono ecossistêmico e sua potencial vulnerabilidade à elevação do nível do mar em manguezais da Baía de Vitória(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-11-27) Pinto, Lethícia Lellis Vieira; Bernardino, Angelo Fraga; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1838-4597; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2539-3944; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2193253382492984; Faleiros, Rogério Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-9957; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3790595531311291; Rocha, Pablo de Azevedo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-335X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0965375911344160; Queiroz, Hermano Melo; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4768-1248; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8368991854270862Mangroves are important carbon sinks, capable of sequestering and storing organic matter through its accumulation in both vegetation and soils. In Vitória Bay, these ecosystems face increasing pressures from mean sea level rise and urban expansion, which limits the landward migration of mangroves. This study was based on the hypothesis that mangroves located at lower elevations, due to their greater exposure to potential erosive processes and frequent inundation, would exhibit lower carbon stocks, as such processes could have removed part of the previously accumulated carbon and compromised their retention capacity. This study aimed to quantify total ecosystem carbon stocks in mangrove forests and to compare these stocks with coastal vulnerability indices in the metropolitan region of Vitória, southeastern Brazil. Total carbon stocks were quantified for six mangrove sites, including aboveground vegetation and soils down to 3 m depth. A guided classification of Vitória Bay was conducted to assess vulnerability based on spatial interpolation maps and the Coastal Sensitivity Index (CSI) developed by Machado and Albino (2024), which considers parameters such as overall vulnerability, elevation, geology/geomorphology, sedimentary features, and proximity to the coastline and river mouths.To compare with the CSI, in situ data on flood frequency and duration, water column depth, and elevation of the mangrove fringe (using RTK GPS) were collected at the six sampled sites. Our results showed that total carbon stocks in the six mangrove forests ranged from 717 to 1481 Mg C ha⁻¹, with an average of 1028 Mg C ha⁻¹, with over 90% of the carbon stored in the soils. The CSI indicated the sampled areas had high overall vulnerability, with site A classified as very high vulnerability, particularly due to its geology/geomorphology and sedimentary characteristics. In situ data classified site A as highly vulnerable, as it showed the lowest average elevation (-1.28 m), indicating greater exposure to flooding. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that mangroves in lower areas would have lower carbon storage capacity due to potential erosion, the lower areas of the Bay of Vitória showed the highest carbon stocks. This suggests that, even under greater physical vulnerability to these pressures, these mangroves continue to play a significant role in carbon retention, possibly due to soil accretion driven by aboveground plant material associated with root systems. This study indicates that, in the protected estuarine mangroves of Vitória Bay, carbon stocks are not primarily associated with vulnerability to coastal erosion related to wave action, highlighting the importance of integrating local hydrodynamic characteristics and terrain topography into conservation strategies and adaptive management in the context of climate change.
- ItemRevisão taxonômica dos grupos de espécies conicus e secretus de Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) da região neotropical(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-11-27) Amorim, Manuela Silva de; Brito, Chirlei Dias de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-744X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8780654501265281 ; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-9388; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5868655333545172; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8483-7712; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7808615366797575 ; Oliveira, Francisco Limeira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-5454; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4934381159083196; Silveira, Orlando Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-199X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791The present study provides an in-depth taxonomic revision of the conicus and secretus species-groups of Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Neotropical Region. Dissomphalus is the most speciose genus within Bethylidae, with cosmopolitan distribution, and accounts for 317 species in the Neotropics, over 50% of the recognized species from the world. The groups are used to facilitate alpha-taxonomic studies of the Pan-American species, however, the conicus and secretus species-groups have a history of overlapping characteristics that hinders accurate delimitation, for this reason we analysed 3.855 specimens. As a result we created 13 new species-groups, in addition to the ones revised, each with its own diagnosis. We found 115 species, of which 67 are new to science, 49 of them allocated in the species-groups proposed and 18 incertae sedis. We also revised 45 known species, of which four were previously allocated in other species-groups. We provide an updated taxonomic key for all the species of each group, as well as diagnosis for the known species, description and illustration for all the new species. Our results showed that there were many patterns of external morphology, tergal process and genitalia hidden in the revised groups, leading to association of species never done before and the identification of D. puteolus Evans and D. nanellus Evans after 56 years of its publication. Our findings also provides a clear understanding of the morphology of the tubercles of the species-groups analysed and the importance of understudied taxonomic characters, also correlating species-groups with geographical distribution. Thus a robust framework of species-groups revisions in Dissomphalus is provided, paving the way for future molecular, biogeographical, phylogenetic and morphology based studies.
- ItemPaisagens antropizadas ocupam áreas climaticamente adequadas para a diversidade de pequenos mamíferos na Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-20) Beraldino, Valéria Dallapícula; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963640768050260; Paresque, Roberta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-4144; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5411026526760218; Santos, Gabriel Silva dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-8807; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1714610835853424A Mata Atlântica abriga uma rica biodiversidade de espécies, incluindo os pequenos mamíferos, das ordens Didelphimorphia e Rodentia, os quais são bons bioindicadores para estudos de impactos antrópicos no habitat. Pressões antrópicas, como o desmatamento e estabelecimento de diferentes matrizes a partir da conversão de áreas florestais em paisagens antropizadas como agropecuária, silvicultura e urbanização, têm causado alterações significativas que impactam diretamente a diversidade desse e de outros grupos. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo avaliou o quanto as diferentes classes de uso e cobertura do solo ocupam áreas climaticamente adequadas para diferentes níveis de diversidade (alta, média e baixa) para pequenos mamíferos no bioma. Para isso, geramos um mapa de riqueza taxonômica potencial, a partir de modelos de distribuição de espécies baseados em variáveis bioclimáticas (temperatura e precipitação), que pressupõe que o habitat potencial para cada espécie corresponde às condições ambientais onde sua ocorrência é mais provável. Esse mapa foi combinado a dados espaciais de uso e cobertura do solo, e aplicamos modelos lineares generalizados para identificar a influência dessas classes sobre a diversidade nessas áreas. Os resultados indicam que áreas de alta diversidade apresentam mais de 50% de seu habitat potencial preservado, entretanto, a conversão do habitat em áreas antropizadas, que hoje ocupa mais de 20% das áreas é preocupante. Áreas de diversidade média apresentam redução do habitat potencial (~40%) e grande proporção de área ocupada por uso antrópico (~40%), enquanto em áreas de baixa diversidade, a ocupação antrópica ocupa cerca de 48% da área, restando cerca de 32% de habitat potencial. Esses resultados reforçam a importância da preservação e restauração de remanescentes florestais para a conservação da biodiversidade, oferecendo subsídios para a definição e implementação de áreas prioritárias para proteção e restauração. Além de evidenciarem a necessidade de fortalecimento e cumprimento das legislações ambientais voltadas à proteção da biodiversidade na Mata Atlântica, especialmente diante das tentativas recentes de enfraquecimento de leis ambientais e do aumento do desmatamento no bioma nos últimos anos.
- ItemDiversidade e estrutura genética das tartarugas-oliva,Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), no Atlântico Sudoeste(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-27) Foerste, Brenda; Vargas, Sarah Maria ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956218219090768; Gomes, Rita Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-3648; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3554033402212822; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3581-5911; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7576537244289061; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; Stahelin, Gustavo David ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5381-4786 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9287217385031165The olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is a marine species with a broad circumglobal distribution, considered one of the most abundant worldwide and classified as "Vulnerable" by both the IUCN and National Species Red List. In Brazil, its reproduction is primarily concentrated between the states of Sergipe, Bahia, and Espírito Santo, while foraging areas are utilized along the entire coast. The present study investigated the connectivity and genetic diversity of olive ridley turtle populations in nesting areas and feeding aggregations in the Southwest Atlantic. Through the analysis of seven microsatellite markers, we identified significant patterns of genetic differentiation between the breeding and feeding areas despite the low and similar genetic diversity values observed. Comparison with other populations of the species globally revealed lower genetic diversity in Brazilian olive ridley turtles compared to other Atlantic and, particularly, Indo-Pacific populations. Additionally, the genetic diversity of the Brazilian nesting population was the lowest, even lower than that found in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) that nest on the coast of Espírito Santo and are classified as Critically Endangered. Although we detected evidence of subtle genetic structuring among the different nesting sites in Brazil, we did not observe a clear genetic separation between nesting and feeding areas, nor between the different feeding areas sampled. Despite the difficulty in determining the origin of individuals in the foraging areas, this study allowed us to infer valuable information about gene flow along the Brazilian coast. In summary, this research represents a significant advancement in understanding the genetic dynamics of olive ridley turtle populations in the Southwest Atlantic, providing a foundation for future investigations on a broader scale and for the development of more effective management and conservation strategies aligned with the species' movement patterns
- ItemRespostas histofisiológicas de Uca maracoani (latreille, 1802-1803) frente à variação hídrica e salina(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-13) Brandão, Carolina de Farias; Capparelli, Mariana Vellosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7517-7623; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6726475882999699 ; Faleiros, Rogério Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0459-9957; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3790595531311291; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-172X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756666090096576 ; Augusto, Alessandra da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-9042; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3167813441577674 ; Maraschi, Anieli Cristina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-9709; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5896110724916724Semi-terrestrial crustaceans, inhabitants of coastal regions such as the fiddler crab Uca maracoani, face recurrent variations in salinity and water availability imposed by the tidal regime, requiring physiological and structural adjustments to maintain the composition of body fluids. The maintenance of osmotic and ionic homeostasis is ensured by differential mechanisms of hyper- (salt uptake) and hypo-regulation (salt secretion) in intertidal species. Accordingly, this study investigated the histophysiological responses of U. maracoani to desiccation and submersion at different salinities (10, 30, and 50 ‰). After being collected from the São Mateus River estuary (ES, Brazil), adult crabs were maintained in the laboratory and subjected to tolerance tests in which the maximum survival time under desiccation or submersion at different salinities was determined. Based on these data and considering the influence of the tidal regime, an experimental exposure time of six hours was established. The animals were assigned to two main groups: control (maintained in a water layer at 10, 30, and 50 ‰) and fully submerged at the same salinities. An additional group was subjected to desiccation for six hours, with animals maintained in a 30 ‰S water layer used as control. Hemolymph osmolality and chloride concentration were measured, with calculations of osmo- and ionoregulatory capacities. The last pair of posterior gills (7º) was histologically analyzed for effects on gill lamella thickness. The results showed longer tolerance to submersion (with no salinity effect), with no mortality up to 240 h, whereas exposure to desiccation resulted in 100% mortality before 120 h. Total osmoregulatory capacity and the isosmotic point varied from 0.11 and 28 ‰S, respectively, under control conditions, to 0.18 and 25.6 ‰S in submerged animals, being considered strong in both cases. On the other hand, total ionoregulatory capacity for chloride ranged from 0.02 in control animals to 0.34 in submerged ones, shifting from very strong to weak ionoregulation. The iso-ionic point for chloride did not vary, remaining at ≈350 mM (≈22 ‰S). Changes in osmo- and ionoregulatory capacities were associated with reduced chloride secretion ability (hypo-ionoregulation) under high salinity. Desiccation led to a significant decrease in hemolymph osmolality and shrinkage of gill lamella thickness. In submersion experiments, there was no treatment effect (control vs. submerged), but exposure to high salinity (50 ‰) in both treatments induced thickening of the gill epithelium.Thus, it can be concluded that U. maracoani integrates morphophysiological responses that support its persistence in estuarine environments under recurrent tidal fluctuations, although it shows vulnerability to prolonged aerial exposure and reduced chloride secretion capacity under hypersaline submersion.