Mestrado em Biologia Animal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=30
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- ItemEstruturação genética e relações de parentesco de golfinhos-de-dentes-rugosos no Atlântico Sudoeste(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-17) Medeiros, Gabriela Ortolane; Rosa, Ana Paula Cazerta Farro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-0010; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7579143494473999; Flach, Leonardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-8322; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4382200311105510; Souza, Ana Lúcia Cypriano de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2184-0709; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8692267715771071Because they are social organisms, it is common to see different social units forming in the short or long term in the same dolphin population. Associations like this can be formed by organisms that are related or unrelated. Rough-toothed dolphins are known for forming groups with few animals, usually between 10 and 20 individuals. Although it is classified as “Least Concern”, it is still a little-known species, and it is essential that we investigate the existence of kinship relationships in the coastal population of the Southwest Atlantic, since no studies have been found that address this aspect in the region. In this way, this study aims to describe the possible kinship relationships in the coastal population of Steno bredanensis, as well as continuing the investigations into genetic diversity that have already begun. Using the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) and 10 microsatellite loci, we used samples collected by biopsy (n = 07), from strandings (n = 12) and D-loop sequences made available by the PMC-BS (n = 18). The ML-Relate and Colony programs were used to determine kinship relationships. The mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed three populations in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (ES + RJ, São Paulo and Oceânica), two of which showed low levels of haplotypic and nucleotide diversity (ES + RJ: h = 0.074 and π = 0.0001; Oceânica: h = 0.400 and π = 0.0020). For the microsatellite loci, two populations were found to have moderate average observed and expected heterozygosity (Espírito Santo: Ho = 0.600 and He = 0.526; Ilha Grande-Sepetiba: Ho = 0.653 and He = 0.534). For the Espírito Santo population, full sibling, half sibling or parent/offspring relationships were found. On the other hand, the Ilha Grande-Sepetiba population showed half-sibling and parent/offspring relationships. The structuring results observed may be associated with micro-scale differentiation, where group configurations are formed due to resource specialization or site fidelity. The differences observed in the population differentiation indices for each marker indicate genetic dispersal influenced by sex. As for kinship relations, it has been suggested that females are more philopatric, while males are more transient. The results of this study are fundamental for assessing the effectiveness of conservation strategies and predicting the need for future interventions
- ItemUm estranho no ninho : presença de contaminantes antrópicos em harpias da Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-04) Gonzaga, Luis Francisco Oliveira Pereira; Santos, Aureo Banhos dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-5816; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8121966714896903; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1114; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8236245970045784; Silva, Francisca Helena Aguiar da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-3942; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5323035672186762; Carvalho, Andrea Siqueira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-881X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381012882815028Since the 18th century, with the intensification of industrial activities, the introduction of persistent pollutants into the environment has increased significantly. Among these are heavy metals, which accumulate and amplify their effects throughout food chains. These elements can cause severe impacts on organisms, such as hormonal imbalances, physiological and psychological alterations, population declines, and even death, thereby compromising biodiversity. Birds are particularly vulnerable due to their high metabolism and low lipid reserves, making them important environmental indicators. Non-invasive methods, such as feather analysis, are increasingly utilized as they allow monitoring of contamination levels, among other aspects, without further impacting already threatened species. The harpy eagle (Harpia harpyja), the largest eagle in the Americas, plays an essential role in ecosystem regulation and is significant in studies of pollutants and bioaccumulation due to its position at the top of the food chain. This study aims to investigate the occurrence and levels of heavy metals in harpy eagles and their prey in fragments of the Atlantic Forest in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, regions crucial for the species conservation
- ItemComparação morfométrica entre crânios de híbridos e seus parentais Akodon cursor e Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-31) Teixeira, Júlia Andrade Frederico; Paresque, Roberta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-4144; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5411026526760218; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1528-580X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755088166225492; Assis, Ana Paula Aprígio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-6352; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1901397112835628; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950This study investigates the cranial morphological differences between two species of rodents, Akodon cursor (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia) and Akodon montensis (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia), and their hybrids, highlighting the implications of hybridization for morphological inheritance. We analyzed a total of 122 specimens, including adults from both species and hybrids. Markings were made on the skulls of the specimens to obtain intersection points. From these points, we obtained the coordinates of the geometric landmarks, resulting in 38 distances. To examine and compare these distances, statistical methods such as ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Comparative Analysis of Complexity and Modularity Parameters, and Generalized Procrustes Analyses (GPA) were applied. The results indicated that the sampling effort was adequate to capture most of the variation in cranial measurements, as evidenced by the rarefaction curves, which showed stabilization of metrics after approximately 30 specimens for each group. Significant differences among the three groups were found in 23 of the 38 cranial distances (p ≤ 0.05), highlighting relevant morphological variations that likely reflect specific adaptations. Notably, A. cursor exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics compared to the other groups, suggesting stronger selective pressures in its habitat. The findings reinforce previous studies indicating that hybridization contributes to an increase in morphological diversity, allowing for greater adaptability in varied ecological niches. The PCA revealed considerable morphological overlap between A. cursor, A. montensis, and the hybrids, suggesting phenotypic similarity among the groups. The CDA showed significant separation between the groups, with the intermediate position of the hybrids reflecting the phenotypic inheritance from both parents. The first discriminant function accounted for most of the observed variation. Additionally, the Comparative Analysis of Complexity Parameters, combined with the GPA, confirmed these results. These analyses indicated that hybrids not only retain characteristics from both parents but also position themselves morphologically between the two groups. The cranial morphological analysis revealed significant differences between A. cursor, A. montensis, and hybrids, suggesting distinct ecological adaptations and diverse evolutionary processes. Hybridization emerges as an important evolutionary process that generates morphological diversity and maintains genetic variation in contact zones. The observed differences among the three groups likely reflect different ecological strategies, with A. cursor and A. montensis resulting from distinct evolutionary trajectories, while hybrids explore a combination of resources from both parents. This study highlights the interaction between morphology, ecology, and evolution in Akodon species, underscoring the importance of hybridization in generating phenotypic and adaptive diversity
- ItemO impacto da legislação brasileira na conservação da mata atlântica e suas implicações no habitat de marsupiais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-30) Borsonelli, Marcilene; Loss, Ana Carolina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Geise, LenaThe Atlantic Forest is classified as a National Heritage Site by the Brazilian Federal Constitution, and is protected by the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law. However, this ecosystem is becoming increasingly fragmented, which directly affects the mammals that inhabit this region, such as marsupials. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the Federal Constitution, the Atlantic Forest Law and the Native Vegetation Protection Law on the protection of the Atlantic Forest and the conservation of marsupial forest habitat. We used land use and land cover maps from the MapBiomas Project, considering two categories of classes: “Vegetation Cover” and “Forests”, and the extent of the Atlantic Forest according to the Law Enforcement Map and the Map of Brazilian Biomes. There was a loss of vegetation between 1985 and 2022, with the area not included in the Biomes Map being the region most susceptible to deforestation, showing a reduction of 11.9% in Vegetation Cover and 21.6% in Forests. After the enactment of the laws, the area of vegetation increased or remained stable, which highlights the importance of legislation for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest, especially the Atlantic Forest Law, which proved to be more effective. Of the 13 marsupial species analyzed, two showed a gain in habitat: Marmosops paulensis (+1.7%) and Monodelphis pinocchio (+0.8%). Among the others, Monodelphis americana (-16.5%), Cryptonanus guahybae (-10.7%) and Lutreolina crassicaudata (-10.6%) showed the highest rates of loss. In general, the species with the smallest areas of occurrence in the Atlantic Forest showed the greatest loss of forest habitat.
- ItemMúltipla paternidade e razão sexual da população reprodutiva de dermochelys coriacea (Vandeli, 1761) do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-27) Bispo, Gabriela Sarnaglia Caliari; Vargas, Sarah Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1968-0253; Ditchfield, Albert David; Lara, Camila ClozatoAccessing sea turtles' mating patterns and behavior is challenging, as they are difficult to observe due to their coastal and oceanic habitats. Molecular biology techniques, such as microsatellite marker genotyping, have been useful in filling some of these observational gaps. Microsatellite markers have been used in population genetics studies due to their high variability and high mutation rate. Because of this characteristic, these markers are applicable in paternity studies as there is a low probability that individuals share the same alleles at different loci. This methodology has been widely explored to investigate multiple paternity in sea turtles, analyzing the possibility of more than one male contributing to each clutch. The present study investigated the level of multiple paternity and the sex ratio of the reproductive population of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, a “critically endangered” species, at beaches close to the river Doce mouth, in Linhares, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. This was the first study of multiple paternity in a Brazilian leatherback turtle population. Fifteen clutches from two consecutive seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21) were examined using six microsatellite markers. The results revealed multiple paternity in 60% of the clutches, and 41% of polygyny, with 1 to 6 males per clutch, and a sex ratio of 1.42 males for each female. This study provides a basis for future comparisons with other populations in Brazil to estimate the reproductive sex ratio of the species on the Brazilian coast, providing scientific support to understand male gene flow better and to prioritize conservation measures for leatherback sea turtles.