Mestrado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17509

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2002
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=30

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A Comparison between an Existing ad hoc MPA and a Prioritization Model Using the Decision Support Tool Marxan
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-10-01) Vieira, Natalia Brandao; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000321601326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pinheiro, Hudson Tercio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Steger, Tamara; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Marine Protected Areas have been a broadly used strategy to ensure ecosystem and biodiversity conservation. However, the adoption of ad hoc frameworks in the designing process of MPAs networks have been narrowing down their capacity of conservation by sel
Abordagens metodológicas para avaliar risco de extinção de espécies de Brachyteles (Primates: Atelidae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-03-27) Gonçalves, Arthur Machado; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Araujo, Ana Carolina Srbek de; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis
The geographical distribution of a taxon is limited by ecological and historical aspects. Many human activities have caused changes in vegetation cover, leading to fragmentation and loss of habitat. This has led to local extinction of populations of various species by altering their geographical distribution. Among them are the two species of the genus Brachyteles (muriquis), which are endemic primates of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most affected biomes by these processes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an organization that seeks to conserve biodiversity. Among other criteria, it uses the knowledge of the restricted geographic distributions of species to rank them in threatened categories, the so-called red lists. It uses spatial parameters that indicate the risk of extinction of a particular taxon in relation to their geographical distribution. Often the calculations of these parameters are subjective and it is necessary the search of methods that make the assessments more objective, accurate, and replicable. In this context, we tested different calculation methods of three parameters related to the geographical distribution of B. hypoxanthus and B. arachnoids. They are threatened species with well-known occurrence localities and were deeply affected by the Atlantic Forest fragmentation. Thus, they are potentially a good model for these analyses. We built a database of current occurrence localities of both species. Through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approaches, we estimated the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) using Minimum Convex Polygons and a-hull, and Area of Occupancy (AOO) and subpopulations using grids, circular buffers and a-hull methods, in different special scales. The results were compared to identify the most appropriate approaches and scales for the assessment of extinction risk. The analyses indicate that the list of localities and maps of IUCN should be updated. Moreover, they suggest that a-hull is an advantageous approach to EOO and the buffer method is the most suitable parameter for AOO and subpopulations, when smaller spatial scales are used. The GeoCAT tool can be used as a preliminary extinction risk assessment based on the geographical distribution criteria for being able to perform instant EOO and AOO analyses, and their results are similar to those of other approaches.
Abundance of microplastic in different coastal areas using Phragmatopoma caudata (Kroyer in Morch, 1863) (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) as an indicator
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-08-25) Menario, João Marcos Fausto Schuab; Fagundes, Valeria; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9501-0751; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2606838076983468; Otegui, Mariana Beatriz Paz; Vidigal, Teofania Heloisa Dutra Amorim
Plastic consists of a synthetic or semisynthetic polymer and its molecular structure is built of long repeating chemical units composed of hydrocarbons. Plastic materials degrade very slowly and plastic pollution has been considered an emerging problem in modern society. Microplastic (MP) particles are highlighted among the countless types of plastic debris disposed of in the ocean, once they can trap chemical pollutants and be mistaken as food by marine organisms, mainly filter-feeders and suspension feeders. The polychaete Phragmatopoma caudata (Kroyer in Morch, 1863) is a reef building Sabellariidae widely found on the brazilian coastline and has the ability to trap MP particles in their colonies structures. In order to evaluate MP pollution in different coastal areas, we collected 12 samples of water and 36 samples of P. caudata’s colonies in 12 sampling spots on the Espírito Santo (Brazil) coast divided into three regions (North, Central, and South). These samples were, processed, washed, and sieved, and the resulting product stored at a petri dish for further analysis. For sorting the MPs, a stereomicroscopic with an attached camera were used and all MPs were counted regarding their type (filament, fragment, and ‘other’) and color. Statistical analyses were performed using the GrahPad Prism software considering significant results p < 0.05. All 12 sampling spots were contaminated with MP, thus the investigated beaches had a MP pollution rate of 100%. The Central region showed the highest numbers of MP, followed by the North and the South regions respectively. This pattern of MP pollution in the Central region could be due to the high anthropic occupation, once it is where the capital and its metropolitan region are located, presenting more traffic of people. The Central region also holds two busy port complexes with intense ship traffic. The North region takes second place due to a specific sampling spot in the mouth of a big hydrographic basin, the Piraquê-Açú Basin. The South region holds the second more urbanized region of the Espírito Santo State, however, showed small numbers of MP, probably because two of the four sampling spots are slightly away from city impacts. Thus, microplastic pollution is indeed ubiquitous and widely found in coastal areas. Therefore, P. caudata colonies are a trustable indicator of MP presence in intertidal zones once they can trap plastic particles inside the colony structure. However, it is essential to investigate the mechanisms of MP trapping and how long they take to be absorbed from the water column into the colony, and how long they can remain trapped.
“Agulha no Palheiro”: Modelos de Distribuição Geográfica da Cuíca D’água (chironectes Minimus) Através do Tempo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-11-29) Bretas, Diego de Souza; Costa, Leonora Pires; https://orcid.org/0000000326253172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2579577549150613; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1807-0528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2850667861242096; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; Garbino, Guilherme Siniciato Terra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5930; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0845710849863593
The water opossum (Chironectes minimus) is unique from a morphological and ecological standpoint, being the only marsupial really adapted for a semiaquatic lifestyle. Morphologically, it is a very peculiar animal, which presents a series of adaptations similar to those found in otters. Its conservation status varies, depending on the spatial scale observed and, due to its lifestyle, it ends up being underrepresented in inventories based on traditional capture techniques. As a consequence, it is poorly understood in terms of its basic ecological aspects. Historically, its geographic distribution is not uniform, generating inconsistencies about its classification. It is well known that it is essential to understand the distribution of any given species as an essential step on the development of efficient strategies for the conservation of biodiversity, both currently and in future environmental scenarios. Modern tools, such as Species Distribution Models, are able to predict the potential distribution of various taxa, based on occurrence records and environmental variables relevant to their persistence. In this context, this study estimated the geographic distribution of current watershed and in different future scenarios, from the elaboration of species distribution models, using MaxEnt 3.4.1 and RStudio software. We used 480 occurrence records and ten bioclimatic variables in the elaboration of both current distribution models and in different future environmental scenarios. Based on the generated models, we can see the expansion of the potential geographic distribution of C. minimus currently known by the IUCN, reinforcing the need for its update. Regarding the geographic distribution of the species in the future, we could observe the contraction of environmentally suitable areas according to the increase on the intensity of global warming effects. Large portions of environmentally suitable areas for its persistence in the equatorial zone are lost, leaving only small isolated patches between South and Central America, in the Guianas region and in the southern and southeastern portion of Brazil. Some regions remained stable in relation to the probability of occurrence of the species, which may represent an indication of greater success in choosing future locations for studies involving C. minimus. The compilation of the new occurrence records in a complete database allowed us to elaborate more accurate distribution models, filling some important gaps in the current geographic distribution of the water opossum. Regarding the type of geographic distribution presented by the species, our results suggest that, although some gaps exist, the species has a continuous distribution.
Análise de viabilidade populacional do muriqui, Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Primates: Atelidae), em fragmentos de Mata Atlântica de Santa Maria de Jetibá - Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-03-27) Coutinho, Bruno Rocha; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Fagundes, Valéria; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis; Silva, Daniel de Brito Cândido da
Habitat lost and habitat fragmentation are in the most important processes related to species extinction around the world. Because of isolation in habitats fragments, those processes can reduce the population size and modify remaining subpopulations’spatial distribution. This situation is occurring with the northern muriqui(Brachyteles hypoxanthus), one of the most 25 most endangered primates of the world. This species have been hunted for centuries because of this great size. In a region of Espírito Santo state, Southern Brazil, there are many northern muriqui subpopulations that survive in small isolated fragmented habitats where somefemales became lonely after they disperse because they can’t find another group todisperse. This research focused on: (1) subpopulations vulnerability on absent of demography interactions, (2) dispersal fluency of females on the populations’ viability, (3) stochastic factors (demographic, environmental, and genetics) that arecritical for the species persistence in a fragmented landscape, and (4) relative riskestimation faced by the subpopulations due species biological extrinsic processes,like hunting. I conducted a population viability analysis (PVA) using the computerpackage VORTEX. I used four years of demographic data from Espírito Santo’s Muriqui Project (Projeto Muriqui) and biological data from Karen B. Strier’s researches. PVA’s results demonstrated that all nine subpopulations showed high probability of extinction, and at least 25% heterozygosity lost for 50 years. The results also demonstrated that six of nine subpopulations are in decline. These subpopulations presented negatives growing rates (r < 0). 21 and 34 years were the subpopulations’ median extinction time, and seven and eight individuals/subpopulations were the final size. Female dispersal was the most critical factor on species survivorship. There were other factors that increased the speciesextinction probability when they were added to model: males’ sexual rate deviation,burning and adults female’s hunting. Young females can’t disperse because of the subpopulations isolation which cause high extinction vulnerability and northern muriquis subpopulations’ decline in a region of Espírito Santo. It’s necessary to arrange actions that minimize the isolation effects to increase the subpopulations viability in long term.
Análise Paleopatológica da Coluna Vertebral de Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842) (Mammalia, Xenarthra)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-08-31) Germano, Rodrigo Ventura; Silva, Taissa Rodrigues Marques da; https://orcid.org/0000000179181358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562316044920852; https://orcid.org/0000000190732632; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Nunes, Louisiane de Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000000349240614; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8222729734090366; Viana, Maria Somalia Sales; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Eremotherium laurillardi is one of the several species of megamammals that populated Brazil during the Pleistocene until they became extinct during the transition between the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Its remains are found throughout Brazil, but mainl
Anuros de ilhas continentais: vicariância ou dispersão?
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-20) Ornellas, Iago Silva; Costa, Leonora Pires; Rocha, Carlos Frederico Duarte da; Vargas, Sarah Maria
Aprimoramento metodológico da técnica de plastinacão nas plumagens de aves: uma perspectiva estético-científica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-08) Silva, Marcos Vinícius Freitas; Bittencourt, Athelson Stefanon; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-2577; Santos, Áureo Banhos dos; Abreu, Tainá de; Baptista, Carlos Augusto de Camargo Souza
Plastination is considered the gold standard technique in the preservation of biological tissues, allowing for their conservation in a natural, non-toxic manner, with easy storage and high durability. However, the literature on bird plastination is scarce due to the complexity of feather treatment. Since birds are the second most diverse class among vertebrates, it is essential to document and preserve their diversity in collections through modern techniques. This study aimed to investigate and adapt the plastination process for bird plumage, preserving the morphological integrity and natural appearance of the specimens. Thirty-two carcasses of Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia) were used as a model, plastinated according to two impregnation protocols: at room temperature (±25 °C) and at low temperature (-25 °C). After impregnation, four treatments were applied, each with 6 specimens, under the two impregnation protocols: adsorption with starch, absorption with paper, heating (60 °C), and emulsification. Macro and microscopic analyses assessed the structural changes caused by the silicone and the effectiveness of the treatments. Additionally, the mass of the specimens was measured before and after the treatments to evaluate the effectiveness of silicone removal at the end of the process. The treatments that showed promising results were absorption with paper and adsorption with cornstarch; these demonstrated a significant visual aesthetic improvement, with effective removal of excess silicone from the feathers, while the other treatments did not produce promising aesthetic results. However, microscopically, although cornstarch removed much of the silicone from the surface of the feathers, it produced artifacts adhered to this surface, while the other treatments resulted in the formation of a silicone layer on the feather’s barbs. These results were extremely important for understanding the effect of plastination on feather structure, allowing the technique to be adapted for birds, expanding its use in educational and scientific collections, exhibition classes, and research. Furthermore, both treatments offer an economic and ecological solution for long-term collection management, contributing to the preservation of specimens with the highest quality when compared to the conventional plastination protocol. Finally, this study helped solve a problem that has challenged plastination since 1978, which is the plastination of birds with the natural preservation of feathers, aiding in the dissemination and application of the plastination technique to this highly diverse taxon.
As abelhas e a floração sequencial em área de restinga
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-25) Mendes, Geovana de Assis; Guerra, Tânia Mara; Ramos, Kelli dos Santos; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira
Sequential flowering strategy consists in blooming of different species consecutively through the year. This strategy is crucial to the maintenance of pollinators, because ensure food for them along the year. The purpose of this study was investigate beeflower interactions of a sequentially flowering species in coastal environment. The study was conducted at Paulo Cesar Vinha State Park, Guarapari, ES, from October 24, 2012 to November 13, 2013. Data of bees were recorded through direct observations. Collections were made directly on flower. Observations and collections were accomplished in seven plant species (168 hours). Plants were visited by bees and bloomed sequentially. Results showed 594 visits of bees (Apidae and Halictidae). They were identified in 15 native morpho-species and one exotic. Apidae presented 87,3% of the visits and Frieseomelitta sp1 was the most frequently eusocial morphospecies founded. Pollen, nectar and resin were the floral resources collected by visiting bees. Trigona sp1 was the only morphospecies that collected latex and nectar. Visits occurred predominantly in the morning. Rainfall during the flowering period was correlated with visits number. From May to September 2013 showed a strong reduction in the bee visits frequency. After this period, Augochloropsis sp1, Frieseomelitta sp1, Trigona sp1 and Tetragonisca sp1 returned to visit the flowers. All native bees are first record for PEPCV. Bees are potential pollinators of the studied plant species due to their visitation frequency and their contact with the reproductive parts (male and female) of their visited flowers plants.
Assembleias e Padrões Alimentares de Peixes da Reserva Biológica do Córrego Grande, Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-03-04) Ribeiro, Marcella Bueno; Filho, Luisa Maria Sarmento Soares; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100696102233268; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Moraes, Leonardo Evangelista; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Nunes, Savana de Freitas; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
The present study was developed with the objective of investigating the food trophic structure of stream fishes in relation to temporal seasonality (dry and rainy seasons) in the Itaúnas River Basin, within the scope of the Córrego Grand
Assinaturas de expansão populacional durante o Último Máximo Glacial revelam uma nova hipótese de diversificação para Akodon cursor (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-11-09) Cruz, Letícia Rosário; Fagundes, Valeria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2606838076983468; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-4509; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3476630798139363; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; Dalapicolla, Jeronymo
The neotropical rodent Akodon cursor (Winge, 1887) shows distinctive features. The species has a broad distribution throughout the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, ranging from Paraíba state in the north to Paraná in the south. There are records of 28 distinct karyotypes, with three diploid numbers (2n=14, 15, and 16) and morphological variation in 5 autosomal pairs, with a fundamental number (NF) ranging from 18 to 27. Molecular studies reveal a phylogeny with a north-south break coinciding with the region of the Jequitinhonha River. Although some localities show evidence of exclusive karyotypes, such as in Pernambuco (2n=16) and Espírito Santo (2n=14), the karyotypes are distributed in both the northern and southern clades. The species lacks significant intraspecific morphological variation, being considered cryptic with two species (A. montensis and A. diauarum), which is named as the cursor species group. These unique characteristics make this rodent an excellent model for diversification processes studies, specially within complex and heterogeneous biome as the Atlantic Forest. The role of chromosomes, rivers as geographical barriers, and climate changes bring questions about the diversification processes of this species. In this study, we investigated evolutionary events that have played a significant role in the diversification processes observed in the phylogeographic studies of A. cursor. We used a comprehensive sample of 389 specimens collected throughout the species' entire geographic range. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers, we conducted integrative analyses such as phylogenies, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), neutrality tests, demographic history, Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs) coalescent analyses, and species distribution models. Our results revealed a new phylogenetic structure, exhibiting three main clades with high support, corresponding to the northern (Paraíba, Pernambuco, northern Minas, and Bahia), central (Espírito Santo, southern Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro), and southern (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro) regions of the Atlantic Forest.AMOVA results demonstrated that most of the genetic differentiation is attributed to differences among the three phylogroups rather than between populations located above and below the Jequitinhonha River. Neutrality tests and BSPs indicated that populations underwent demographic expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These results were consistent with species distribution models, showing that suitability areas for the species expanded during the same period. Additionally, spatiotemporal analysis revealed that the species originated approximately 800 thousand years ago and showed simultaneous dispersal routes to the north and south (later diverging into central and southern lineages) of the Atlantic Forest. Thus, our data support refuting the hypothesis that rivers have acted as effective barriers in the species' diversification. Instead, the expansion and contraction of suitable areas, associated with recovered demographic history patterns, suggest that Quaternary climate oscillations played a more crucial role in shaping the diversification of A. cursor. These patterns align with the predictions of the "Mata Atlantida" hypothesis, showing that expansions of suitable areas during glacial periods, especially along the continental shelf, played a crucial role in the evolutionary history of species. Furthermore, the dispersal patterns recovered by spatiotemporal dynamics also bring new insights into the origin and distribution of karyotypic variations, which seem to have occurred in the base of this rodent's diversification. Finally, although we did not find strong support for subdividing the taxon into two species, the complexity of its evolutionary history suggests that A. cursor is undergoing an early stage of speciation.
Associação entre variáveis geográficas e climáticas e a ocorrência de Lutzomya longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-02-11) Pinto, Israel de Souza; Falqueto, Aloísio; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis; Brazil, Reginaldo Peçanha
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) is the main vector of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in Brazil. In the Espírito Santo state, the AVL has always been associated to dry regions and elevations lower than 500 meters at sea level. To infer the potential distribution of L. longipalpis and the influence of biogeographic variables on its potential distribution in Espírito Santo, sand flies were captured on localities with autochthonous cases of AVL and adjacent areas from north region of the state. L. longipalpis was found in 84 localities, for a total of 133 localities belonging to 15 municipalities surveyed. To delimit the potential distribution, it was made ecological niche modeling using the DesktopGarp program and data of 73 occurrence points of L. longipalpis. Besides of the 15 municipalities with records of L. longipalpis, the distribution was provided by ecological niche modeling for, at least, other nine municipalities without records. Yet, the ecological niche modeling showed the association of L. longipalpis with geoclimatic features favorable to its occurrence like as dry climate represented by rainfall lower than 1000 millimeters and elevations lower than 500 meters at sea level. The occurrence of human autochthonous cases of AVL in two localities of Vargem Alta and Rio Novo do Sul municipalities, located on the south portion of ES and without geographic and climatic features favorable to occurrence of L. longipalpis, justified a systematic study for sand flies captured in these localities. From August 2006 to July 2007, mensal systematic entomological surveys were performed in Vargem Alta and Rio Novo do Sul municipalities, but no L. longipalpis was found. Therefore, it is possible that the ocurrence of AVL is disassociated with the presence of L. longipalpis in the south portion of ES. Furthermore, due to the low number of sand flies captured in Rio Novo do Sul, the presence of another mechanism of transmission of AVL is also possible. In conclusion, the presence of L. longipalpis in the Espírito Santo state was associated with geoclimatic well defined features and the occurrence of AVL in areas without these features possibly was related to other mechanism of transmission.
Avaliação temporal de uma comunidade bioincrustante atuando como armadilha para microplásticos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-12-11) Motta, Daniel Gosser; Costa, Mercia Barcellos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5149413563390151; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7098-3124; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3495075683040297; Joyeux, Jean Christophe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9764759048676848; Fillmann, Gilberto
Ecological succession is a natural and gradual process of changes in the structure and composition of a community, in which the form of colonization of the substrate and its respective biological interactions will be important factors in the creation or modification of an ecosystem. Biofouling or biofouling is the process of fixing micro and macro organisms on immersed consolidated substrates. Ecosystem engineers directly or indirectly influence the availability of resources, creating and modifying habitats and niches. Benthic communities represent one of the most important elements for assessing environmental quality and are particularly sensitive to different types of contaminants and pollutants, including plastics. These materials can have different sizes and when they reach 5mm to a few micrometers, they are called microplastics (MPs). Due to their geographic location, between rivers and waters, in addition to their proximity to urban areas, estuaries are regions highly impacted by the release of domestic and industrial effluents, being environments conducive to the accumulation of MPs. Unless better known, the relationship between fouling organisms and the presence of microplastics has not yet been studied, therefore, the present study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the fouling community and microplastics present in the water column in a temporal analysis using silicone membranes as substrate. To this end, 6 membranes were collected and remained submerged in the Vitória Bay estuary, every 15 days, until they completed 90 days. The organisms and MPs associated with the membranes were sold in Petri dishes, where they were viewed under a magnifying glass, photographed and classified. The results show that the community acts as a trap for MPs, in addition to there being a positive difference between the exposure time of the membranes and the quantity of MPs.
Caracterização molecular de três espécies de Trachycephalus (Anura: Hylidae): investigando potenciais híbridos interespecíficos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-11) Zaidan, Fernanda Couto; Costa, Leonora Pires; Fagundes, Valéria; Souza, Marcelo Nazareno Vallinoto de; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis
Hybrids are evolutionary units generally without clear morphological, behavioral and genetic delimitation, thus representing a challenge to taxonomy and systematics. They can morphologically resemble their parents or, due to introgression, their characteristics can be diluted with a prevailing appearance of one of the parental species, which could hinder identification. One way to identify hybrids is through molecular biology tools, such as mitochondrial DNA (maternal inherintance exclusively) and nuclear DNA (maternal and paternal inheritance), allowing genetic comparisons. Besides hybridization, conflicting mtDNA and nDNA identifications may have other explanations, such as Incomplete Lineage Sorting. Some individuals collected in localities of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, presented a mix of morphological characters of T. mesophaeus and T. nigromaculatus, which are the only Trachycephalus species known to the region. However, previous studies using COI sequences grouped theses individuals as T. typhonius. Giving this, we sequenced fragments of two mitochondrial genes (COI and ND2) and part of the nuclear exon of tyrosinase of 173 individuals of Trachycephalus, in order to better clarify the taxonomic uncertainty, and the link between morphological and genetic characters behind the identifications, according to the occurrence area. Results of molecular phylogenies, genetic divergences, haplotype networks, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) confirmed .T. mesophaeus, T. nigromaculatus, and T. typhonius as distinct evolutionary lineages and revealed seven more individuals potentially hybrids, but morphologically assigned to one species. Due to the slow mutation rate of tyrosinase, the most recently diverged species (T. typhonius and T. nigromaculatus) have not completely sorted in this gene. Trachycephalus mesophaeus is the oldest species of the three, and it was identified unambiguously in all analysis. Here, for the first time, evidence of bidirectional introgression between T. nigromaculatus and T. typhonius and between T. nigromaculatus and T. mesophaeus, with signs of F1 individuals, is presented. The use of ND2 gene seems to be more efficient than COI to recover the phylogenies in this particular group and, although tyrosinase is a slow evolving gene, it contributed significantly in order to identify cytonuclear incongruences. Our results indicate a complex phylogenetic history of Trachycephalus, and that more introgressive hybrids may be identified with the use of faster nuclear markers and the inclusion of more species of the genus in the analyses..
Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) parasitoides de desfolhadores (Lepidoptera) de eucalipto (Myrtaceae) no Novo Mundo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-10) Simoneli, Bruna Cortat; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-9843; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4137955099482804; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-2650; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6439432052633514; Monteiro, Cecília Waichert; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-7405; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8023281601985379; Dias, Angelica Maria Penteado Martins; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) is widely distributed around the globe and assembles about 1584 described species. The family is diversified in the New World, especially in the Neotropical region, which presents about 472 species in 29 genus. Most chalcidid wasps is primary parasitoids of larvae and pupae of holometabolous insects (including lepidopterans, dipterans and coleopterous) and, some of their hosts are of importance as agricultural pests, such as some eucalyptus defoliator. Here is presented a synopsis of the species of Chalcididae parasitoid of lepidopteran defoliator pests of eucalyptus in the New World. This synopsys includes a checklist of the parasitoid species and their defoliator hosts, associated plant, geographic distribution, previously and new records to each host-parasitoid association, and comments and corrections to the records. Identification tools such as diagnoses, identification key and illustrations also are presented. This synopsys include 18 Chalcididae species, six belonging to Brachymeria and 12 to Conura (two undescribed), 19 host species and 46 host-parasitoid associations (17 as new records).
Ciclo Reprodutivo de Perna Perna (linnaeus, 1758): um Biomarcador para Áreas Antrópicas?
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-03-02) Franca, Millena Araujo; Costa, Mercia Barcellos da; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5149413563390151; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ditchfield, Albert David; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7292063375172411; Vidigal, Teofania Heloisa Dutra Amorim; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Coastal populations use the oceans for communication, transportation, recreation or food sources, however, these food sources over the past centuries have suffered and routinely suffer from the impacts of anthropic action. Among the targ
Comparação morfométrica entre crânios de híbridos e seus parentais Akodon cursor e Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-31) Teixeira, Júlia Andrade Frederico; Paresque, Roberta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-4144; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5411026526760218; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1528-580X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0755088166225492; Assis, Ana Paula Aprígio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-6352; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1901397112835628; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950
This study investigates the cranial morphological differences between two species of rodents, Akodon cursor (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia) and Akodon montensis (Sigmodontinae: Rodentia), and their hybrids, highlighting the implications of hybridization for morphological inheritance. We analyzed a total of 122 specimens, including adults from both species and hybrids. Markings were made on the skulls of the specimens to obtain intersection points. From these points, we obtained the coordinates of the geometric landmarks, resulting in 38 distances. To examine and compare these distances, statistical methods such as ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA), Comparative Analysis of Complexity and Modularity Parameters, and Generalized Procrustes Analyses (GPA) were applied. The results indicated that the sampling effort was adequate to capture most of the variation in cranial measurements, as evidenced by the rarefaction curves, which showed stabilization of metrics after approximately 30 specimens for each group. Significant differences among the three groups were found in 23 of the 38 cranial distances (p ≤ 0.05), highlighting relevant morphological variations that likely reflect specific adaptations. Notably, A. cursor exhibited distinct phenotypic characteristics compared to the other groups, suggesting stronger selective pressures in its habitat. The findings reinforce previous studies indicating that hybridization contributes to an increase in morphological diversity, allowing for greater adaptability in varied ecological niches. The PCA revealed considerable morphological overlap between A. cursor, A. montensis, and the hybrids, suggesting phenotypic similarity among the groups. The CDA showed significant separation between the groups, with the intermediate position of the hybrids reflecting the phenotypic inheritance from both parents. The first discriminant function accounted for most of the observed variation. Additionally, the Comparative Analysis of Complexity Parameters, combined with the GPA, confirmed these results. These analyses indicated that hybrids not only retain characteristics from both parents but also position themselves morphologically between the two groups. The cranial morphological analysis revealed significant differences between A. cursor, A. montensis, and hybrids, suggesting distinct ecological adaptations and diverse evolutionary processes. Hybridization emerges as an important evolutionary process that generates morphological diversity and maintains genetic variation in contact zones. The observed differences among the three groups likely reflect different ecological strategies, with A. cursor and A. montensis resulting from distinct evolutionary trajectories, while hybrids explore a combination of resources from both parents. This study highlights the interaction between morphology, ecology, and evolution in Akodon species, underscoring the importance of hybridization in generating phenotypic and adaptive diversity
Comportamento de um grupo isolado de muriqui-do-norte (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-02-18) Silva, Barbara de Almeida; Boubli, Jean Philippe; Strier, Karen Barbara; Fagundes, Valéria; Ferrari, Stephen Francis; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena
Several studies have shown the effects of habitat size and quality and demographic factors on intraspecific behavioral differences in primates. In the last 25 years, studies of the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Private Nature Reserve Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, have provided insights into their behavior. However, it is not known whether the behavior of other northern muriqui populations living under different demographic and environment conditions is similar to that of the Caratinga muriquis. This study was conducted on one muriqui group of 13 to 15 individuals that inhabits a 128 hectare fragment of secondary vegetation at Saint Maria de Jetibá (SMJ). The aim of this work is to characterize the northern muriqui’s behavior at SMJ and to compare their behavior patterns with those of other northern muriqui populations. The focal animal method of behavioral sampling was used to collected data systematically, and all rare events observed were recorded opportunistically. Approximately 185 hours of focal animal samples were collected.Results suggest that the size and the composition of the group may affect some aspects of the muriqui’s social behavior. Specifically, the lower number of adult males affects their affiliative interactions, expressed primarily by the low frequency of embraces between adult males in the SMJ group, but does not seem to affect the proximity between adult males, which is similar across groups
Comportamento reprodutivo de Hetaerina auripennis (Odonata, Zygotera: Calopterygidae): fatores determinantes de estratégias reprodutivas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-08-04) Santos, Josiane Barboza dos; De Marco Júnior, Paulo; Alves, Elcio Cassimiro; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena
The description of the reproductive behavior of the dragonfly species Hetaerina auripennisand as body size, spot size on the wings and choice of perch can be interfering with the dynamics of resident and satellitemales were carried out in theBiological Station of Santa Lucia, in the city of Santa Teresa, and an area of pasture in the city of Viana, both in Espírito Santo State (Brazil). Through the scan method with fixed areas, were collected information about the population abundance, distribution of individuals in the study area and behavior. The males employing reproductive strategy were weighed and its spots were measured. The reproductive behavior consists of an encounter, copulationand oviposition. The oviposition is accompanied by mate-guardin. The peak of activity was between 10:00 and 14:00 hours, coinciding with the hottest period of the day. The most frequently observed behavior was perched. This suggests that species belongs to the group of perchers and its dependence on luminosity for the accomplishment of its activities suggests that it is heliothermic. There was no significant relation between body size, spot size with the reproductive strategy employed. Perhaps age is the differential in order to a male becomes resident and the spots serve as a pointer of territory occupation. The type of perch most used by the males were grass stems or leaves, hanging over the river, with a height between 0 to 40cm and a distance from the bank of between 0 to 60 cm. This preference must be related with the ability to visualize females, since they fly to the river for mating and oviposition.
Composição da fauna associada à Ulva spp. Delile (Ulvales, Ulvaceae) em três áreas do litoral do Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-08-22) Cruz, Cláudia Valéria Rodrigues; Nalesso, Rosebel Cunha; Fernandes, Marcos Antônio dos Santos; Joyeux, Jean Christophe

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