Ensino primário e matemática dos imigrantes e descendentes germânicos em Santa Leopoldina (1857-1907)

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Data
2014-02-20
Autores
Castelluber, Arildo
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The objective of the research is to describe the scenario of German immigration in the nineteenth century, dealing also, the path of education in the colony of Santa Leopoldina, created in 1857, in the province of the state of Espírito Santo, considering 50 years since the beginning of immigration (1857-1907). The historical research was anchored in queries to official documents of the Empire, statistical maps, governmental documents and reports of the Province of the state of Espírito Santo, newspapers from that time, photographs, maps, old textbooks and books of authors who visited the province and discussed the immigration process of the state of Espírito Santo. The dialogue with Marc Bloch helped to understand this multiplicity of documents, in the complex relationship between the past and present of education of the state of Espírito Santo. The essay presents a trajectory of the German immigrant from Europe to the ex-colony and how the government treated the immigration and education. The primary education started from governmental and private initiatives. Many teachers that worked on the first schools during the studied period had their names identified. The books used in the German language schools were from Germany and later were produced in southern Brazil, especially for German-Brazilian communities. Among the books written in German found in Santa Leopoldina, there is a literacy textbook 'Lese - I Schule für Deutsche Kinder in Brasilien', edited in Germany in the late nineteenth century, written by the director of a private school, Albert Richard Dietze, and the math book „Rechenbuch für Deutsch - Brasilianische Volksschulen‟ written by Ferdinand Hackbart, Konrad Glaus and Hermann Lange. An analysis from the physical and formal aspects, the teaching process and the contents of the book was taken. The analysis revealed that the proposed learning relies on „mental calculation‟ and written by repeating contents, involving intensive training. The math concepts are presented starting from problems with concrete situations of the student to acquire skills necessary for entering the student in their community. Considering that the book was published in 1906, we can conclude that this is an important work with a teaching proposal which remained present in mathematics textbooks until the present day.
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Education - History , Private schools , Public schools , Didactic books - Mathematics , Mathematics - Study and Teaching - History , Migration , Escolas particulares
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