Impacto de um programa de educação alimentar e nutricional no consumo alimentar e no estado nutricional de famílias de agricultores rurais do município de Alegre, Espírito Santo
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Data
2016-07-13
Autores
Garozi, Mariana Junger de Oliveira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Knowing the food habit and the nutritional status of a population is essential for developing strategies to prevent and help treat diseases, and to improve eating habits and health. This study aimed to characterize and evaluate the impact of food and nutritional education program on food intake and nutritional status of families of rural farmers in four communities of Alegre, ES. Food intake, anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical data were collected and analyzed. The consumption of calories, macronutrients and micronutrients and the Diet Quality Index Revised (DQIR) were obtained through 3 food records applied in one weekend day and two nonconsecutive week days. Body weight was evaluated by using BC601® balance and height by Stadiometer alturexata®. Waist circumference was measured by tape measure TBW® and body mass index (BMI) was calculated for adults and seniors and BMI for age for children and adolescents. Blood pressure was taken with digital Omron®. Blood sample was collected for complete blood count analysis, fasting glucose, total protein, serum iron, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum lipid profile, according to manufacturer information. A Food and Nutritional Education Program was developed considering the diagnostic survey of dietary intake, anthropometric data, blood pressure and biochemical analysis. The program was applied by using interactive lectures with power point, written materials in the folder format and cookbook, leisure activity, cooking and tasting practices, considering age, socioeconomic and cultural level of the families, totaling 7 interventions in each community. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Parametric data were compared before and after the intervention by paired t test, while the nonparametric were analyzed by Wilcoxon test, with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 19.0 (p=0.05). In the characterization step, participated 168 individuals of both sexes, aged 1 to 94 years. The DQI scored 49.4 points, indicating inadequate diet, as evidenced by the poor intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, with a prevalence of consumption of refined grains, legumes, saturated fat and sugar. It was observed excessive intakes of calories, fat, total fatty acids, sugar and sodium, and inadequate intake of protein, fiber, calcium, vitamin C and retinol. It was found overweight (42.1%), abnormal blood pressure (20.0%), cardiovascular risk associated with the measurement of waist circumference (40.0%) and CRP (40.0%), iron deficiency anemia (9.1%), and also abnormal values of plasma cholesterol (38.2%), triacylglycerol (35.4%), low-density lipoprotein (17.6%) and high-density lipoprotein (48.3%). In the nutritional intervention step, participated 81 subjects of both sexes, aged between 3 and 75 years. After the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the intakes of calorie, sugar, sodium, lipid, and fatty acids, associated with decreased BMI, waist circumference, serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol, showing that the Food and nutritional education program had a positive impact on the eating habits and health of the participants.
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Rural farmers , Eating habits , Nutritional status , Agricultores rurais , Food and nutritional , Hábitos alimentares , Education program , Estado nutricional