Violência sexual e outras violências interpessoais contra mulheres e meninas: desafios da vigilância epidemiológica no Espírito Santo, Brasil (2017–2023)
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Data
2025-08-05
Autores
Cupertino, Edleusa Gomes Ferreira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Violence against women and girls is a serious human rights violation, reflecting gender inequality and impacting the health of victims. This study aimed to understand sexual violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo by analyzing SUS reports from 2017 to 2023. This study aimed to identify, in a comparative way, the factors associated with sexual violence in relation to other types of interpersonal violence against women and girls, describing singularities and intersections between victim profiles, contexts of occurrence and temporal trends, including possible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Espírito Santo, between 2017 and 2023. The methodology consisted of a serial cross-sectional study using secondary data on reports of sexual violence and other interpersonal violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) for 2017–2019 and from the State Health Surveillance System (e-SUS VS) for 2020–2023. The analysis period covered three years before and three years after the first case of COVID-19 in the state. The results showed that, in Espírito Santo, among the women and girls reported for sexual violence, 69.9% were Black, 54.3% were under 14 years of age, 46.3% had less than 9 years of education, and 13.2% had some disorder or disability. Furthermore, 56.8% had no partner, 11.4% were pregnant, and 2.3% had accessed legal termination of pregnancy. The majority (86.5%) lived in urban areas, 71.1% in the Metropolitan Region, and 67.1% of the cases occurred in the victim's own residence, with 42.4% being repeat cases. The perpetrators were predominantly men (91.8%) over 24 years of age (51.8%), with 19.0% suspected of having consumed alcohol prior to the incident. Poisson regression analysis (PR; 95%CI; p < 0.001) revealed a high prevalence ratio for children up to 9 years old (PR=10.84) and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years old (PR=12.30), decreasing with increasing age (15-19 years: PR=6.89; 20-29 years: PR=2.73; 30-59 years: PR=1.71), reinforcing the robustness of the associations. In conclusion, Sexual violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo presents distinct patterns associated with gender inequality, invisibility, and the heightened vulnerability of children, adolescents, pregnant women, and persons with disabilities. The findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (VIVA) through improved training, human resources, integration, and data quality to enhance the response of the SUS/ES to sexual violence.
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Delito sexual , Violência sexual , Monitoramento epidemiológico , Notificação