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- ItemViolência sexual e outras violências interpessoais contra mulheres e meninas: desafios da vigilância epidemiológica no Espírito Santo, Brasil (2017–2023)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-05) Cupertino, Edleusa Gomes Ferreira; Viana, Maria Carmen Moldes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-4845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4338126917250074; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-5997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8443569407928883 ; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3355 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761398932271892; Corassa, Rafael Bello ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-7400; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3152440971038382Violence against women and girls is a serious human rights violation, reflecting gender inequality and impacting the health of victims. This study aimed to understand sexual violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo by analyzing SUS reports from 2017 to 2023. This study aimed to identify, in a comparative way, the factors associated with sexual violence in relation to other types of interpersonal violence against women and girls, describing singularities and intersections between victim profiles, contexts of occurrence and temporal trends, including possible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Espírito Santo, between 2017 and 2023. The methodology consisted of a serial cross-sectional study using secondary data on reports of sexual violence and other interpersonal violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo. Data were collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) for 2017–2019 and from the State Health Surveillance System (e-SUS VS) for 2020–2023. The analysis period covered three years before and three years after the first case of COVID-19 in the state. The results showed that, in Espírito Santo, among the women and girls reported for sexual violence, 69.9% were Black, 54.3% were under 14 years of age, 46.3% had less than 9 years of education, and 13.2% had some disorder or disability. Furthermore, 56.8% had no partner, 11.4% were pregnant, and 2.3% had accessed legal termination of pregnancy. The majority (86.5%) lived in urban areas, 71.1% in the Metropolitan Region, and 67.1% of the cases occurred in the victim's own residence, with 42.4% being repeat cases. The perpetrators were predominantly men (91.8%) over 24 years of age (51.8%), with 19.0% suspected of having consumed alcohol prior to the incident. Poisson regression analysis (PR; 95%CI; p < 0.001) revealed a high prevalence ratio for children up to 9 years old (PR=10.84) and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years old (PR=12.30), decreasing with increasing age (15-19 years: PR=6.89; 20-29 years: PR=2.73; 30-59 years: PR=1.71), reinforcing the robustness of the associations. In conclusion, Sexual violence against women and girls in Espírito Santo presents distinct patterns associated with gender inequality, invisibility, and the heightened vulnerability of children, adolescents, pregnant women, and persons with disabilities. The findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen the Violence and Accident Surveillance System (VIVA) through improved training, human resources, integration, and data quality to enhance the response of the SUS/ES to sexual violence.
- ItemAnálise do percurso terapêutico de idosos portadores de catarata: pesquisa nacional de saúde, Brasil, 2019(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-10-17) Coelho, Roberta Goltara; Sarti, Thiago Dias; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-1545-6276; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489127535403969; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4347-0531; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8188728500963658; Rocha, Erika Maria Sampaio; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4347-0531; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6148133355428388; Almeida, Ana Paula Santana Coelho; https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-5808-5818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2570855705420190Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness and represent a major public health challenge in Brazil. Associated with population aging and social inequalities, the disease affects millions of people and has a significant impact on the Unified Health System (SUS). There is a scarcity of national analyses focusing on the therapeutic itinerary (care pathway) for individuals with cataracts. This gap can be addressed using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). Such analyses can contribute to identifying the magnitude of the condition and the differences in access to diagnosis and surgical treatment in Brazil. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cataract diagnosis and associated factors, as well as the indication and effective performance of corrective surgery among Brazilian residents aged 60 and over. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). The prevalence rates of cataract diagnosis, surgical indication, and surgical undertaking were calculated. Crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PRs) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance for sociodemographic and regional factors. The final sample included 22,728 older adults. Results: Among the study participants, 40.4% (95% CI: 39.7–41.1) had a clinical diagnosis of cataract. Among these, the largest proportion (83.3%; 95% CI: 82.5–84.1) received an indication for surgical treatment, which demonstrates the recognition of the therapeutic need. However, a relevant barrier was observed in access to the subsequent stage: only 73.2% (95% CI: 72.1–74.2) of individuals with an indication for surgery actually underwent the procedure. Thus, it was found that more than a quarter (26.9%; 95% CI: 25.8–27.9) of cases requiring intervention did not complete the care pathway. Final considerations: This study highlighted the high prevalence of cataracts among older adults in Brazil and the barriers to accessing surgery, marked by social and regional inequalities. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen primary care, modernize regulatory mechanisms, and expand funding for eye health to ensure equity and reduce the burden of preventable blindness in the country
- ItemAnálise do percurso terapêutico de idosos portadores de catarata: pesquisa nacional de saúde, Brasil, 2019(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-01-01) Coelho, Roberta Goltara; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; https://lattes.cnpq.br/Introduction: Cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness and represent a major public health challenge in Brazil. Associated with population aging and social inequalities, the disease affects millions of people and has a significant impact on the Unified Health System (SUS). There is a scarcity of national analyses focusing on the therapeutic itinerary (care pathway) for individuals with cataracts. This gap can be addressed using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). Such analyses can contribute to identifying the magnitude of the condition and the differences in access to diagnosis and surgical treatment in Brazil. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cataract diagnosis and associated factors, as well as the indication and effective performance of corrective surgery among Brazilian residents aged 60 and over. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study using data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). The prevalence rates of cataract diagnosis, surgical indication, and surgical undertaking were calculated. Crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PRs) were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance for sociodemographic and regional factors. The final sample included 22,728 older adults. Results: Among the study participants, 40.4% (95% CI: 39.7–41.1) had a clinical diagnosis of cataract. Among these, the largest proportion (83.3%; 95% CI: 82.5–84.1) received an indication for surgical treatment, which demonstrates the recognition of the therapeutic need. However, a relevant barrier was observed in access to the subsequent stage: only 73.2% (95% CI: 72.1–74.2) of individuals with an indication for surgery actually underwent the procedure. Thus, it was found that more than a quarter (26.9%; 95% CI: 25.8–27.9) of cases requiring intervention did not complete the care pathway. Final considerations: This study highlighted the high prevalence of cataracts among older adults in Brazil and the barriers to accessing surgery, marked by social and regional inequalities. The findings reinforce the need to strengthen primary care, modernize regulatory mechanisms, and expand funding for eye health to ensure equity and reduce the burden of preventable blindness in the country.
- ItemAnálise do processo de trabalho dos enfermeiros na central estadual de transplantes no estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-21) Nunes, Sabrina Ferreira; Sarti, Thiago Dias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-6276; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489127535403969; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4804-9633; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4247284294506845; Almeida, Ana Paula Santana Coelho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-5818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2570855705420190; Nascimento, Ariana Nogueira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5286353774279763Introduction: Organ donation for transplants is a relevant topic that has been increasingly gaining attention in the current healthcare landscape. In general, organ transplantation is a field with many specificities, requiring the involvement of various professionals throughout different stages of the donation process. Nurses play a prominent role in this context, as their involvement is evident throughout the entire sequence of events. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the main problems during the organ donation process that result in the failure to complete the donation. Methodology: This is an exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach, using document analysis. The qualitative analysis was conducted by reviewing reports produced by on-duty nurses, with a time frame from January to July 2023. To retain information, a standardized instrument (Appendix A and Appendix B) was used, containing guiding questions that directed the recording of relevant situations for the study. The research was conducted at the State Transplant Center of Espírito Santo, and a reflective thematic analysis was performed. Results: The study identified several problems, which centered around (1) communication between professionals and services—this being the main issue, especially regarding the speed at which necessary responses were provided to close the stages of the donation process, (2) logistics for organ retrieval and transplantation execution, (3) the various conflicts that can arise between professionals and between them and the families, and (4) the clinical evolution of the donor and the quality of the organs to be donated. These issues were not prohibitive but significantly interfered with the donation process. Final Considerations: To overcome the identified challenges, an action plan is proposed, focusing on improving communication, optimizing logistics, updating protocols and procedures, managing conflicts, ensuring the quality of the organs to be donated, and providing regular training for all teams involved.
- ItemUtilização de tratamentos para dor nas costas em adolescentes e jovens brasileiros(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-07) Carmo, Leonardo Alves do; Callo Quinte, Gabriella ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-2014; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; Almeida, Ana Paula Santana Coelho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-5818; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2570855705420190; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9070-3237; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; Sarti, Thiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1545-6276; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7489127535403969; Martinelli, Katrini Guidolini; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0894-3241; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7493606113282545Background: Back pain is a prevalent condition among adolescents and young adults, leading to functional disability and reduced quality of life. Understanding the utilization of different treatments is crucial for effective healthcare strategies. Objective: To identify the utilization of various treatments for back pain among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 23 years in Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS), analyzing a sample of 9,082 individuals aged 15 to 23 years. The study examined the prevalence of back pain and the utilization of treatments, including exercise, physiotherapy, medication, integrative practices, and regular healthcare follow-up. Results: The prevalence of back pain was 9.3%. The use of treatments was associated with socioeconomic factors such as age, health insurance, registration in the Family Health Strategy and self-rated health. Adolescents aged 19 to 23 years and those participating in the Family Health Strategy were more likely to use exercises, physiotherapy and acupuncture. Having a health insurance plan was positively associated with the use of physiotherapy and acupuncture. Self-rated health was associated with medical follow-up. Conclusion: The utilization of back pain treatments among Brazilian adolescents and young adults is influenced by a complex interplay of socioeconomic and health related factors. Strategies to improve access to and utilization of effective treatments should address these disparities to promote equitable healthcare.