Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva

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Percepções e práticas populares em saúde bucal
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-06-06) Caldas, Lucienne Venturim; Margotto, Selma Blom; Oliveira, Adauto Emmerich de; Figueiredo, Túlio Alberto Martins de
The precarious conditions of the Brazilian adult s dental health reflect the exclusion and social inequalities established on the country and the effectiveness of the dental care and the public policies of dental health. For a long time isolated actions were executed, that were far apart from the reality of the people, which had very few impact in the epidemiological situation of the population and didn t increase the overall quality of life. Based on the pedagogical practices of health it s perceived that these activities are made based solely on the transmitted knowledge, without consideration of the values, creeds and conducts of the individuals and social groups related to their dental health. This fact determines the few changes on the people behavior and the absence of action for the development of the potentialities and capacities of the individuals toward the betterment of their health. Based on this point of view, this dissertation propose discover the values, creeds and attitudes related to the dental health of grown individuals, living in a district on the suburbs of Vitória ES, which will allow new perspectives in the way which these people signify and re-signify the health / disease process and, furthermore, stimulate an qualitative transformation on the methods and treatment in Dentistry. The adopted methodology has stressed the qualitative approach, characterized as case study, realized with ethnographic methods of data collection; which were semi-structured interview, direct observation and field notes. The analysis of the data involved four axis and was based on the theoretical referential of the medical anthropology, and others authors as Boltanski, Elias and Berger and Luckmann. It was concluded that the dental health was considered by the individuals an intrinsic condition of overall health, as constituting part of a healthy individual condition, integrated in a cultural and social context, which constitutes as a determinant factor on the development of the social relations, insertion on the work market and the demarcation of social asymmetries. From their personal biography and their lifelong relations with the social medium, these individuals create alternatives to deal with dental issues, set apart from the governmental subsided dental services. They also indicate that the access and quality of the service are the main conditions to be improved on the public oral health services.
A mortalidade por causas externas no Espírito Santo de 1979 a 2003
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-06-09) Tavares, Fábio Lúcio; Castro, Denise Silveira de; Koizumi, Maria Sumie; Falqueto, Aloísio
This is a descriptive, longitudinal and observational study aiming at describing the pattern of mortality by external causes in Espírito Santo in a historical series ranging from 1979 to 2003, with transversal cuts in 1979, 1983, 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003, according to the characteristics of people, spatial distribution and basic cause of death. The data source utilized was the System of Information on Mortality from the Health Department (SIM/Datasus) for the years ranging from 1979 to 1998 and the System of Information on Mortality from the State Secretary of Health of Espírito Santo (SIM/SESA), for 2003. The proportional mortality and the coefficients of mortality (per 100 thousand inhabitants) were calculated according to gender, age group, level of instruction , occupation, basic cause of death, location of the death occurrence, medical assistance, month of the occurrence of deaths and their geographical distribution. Our work revealed that, along the analyzed years, the external causes always held the 2nd position in the death register from Espírito Santo, presenting an increase of 49,8% on the coefficients of mortality in that period, in which homicides appear as being the main cause of death. Most victims of external causes were men, presenting coefficients of mortality (per 100 thousand inhabitants) which were 380% higher than those of women. Considering the age group, those who are younger than 1 year of age deserve prominence, with an increment of 79% on the coefficient of mortality; the age group ranging from 15 to 49 years of age, which concentrated about 70% of deaths resulting from external causes, and those who are older than 70 years of age, where we verified an important increase on mortality, mainly due to accidental falls and accidents on transportation. In general terms, deaths caused by external causes happened, for the most part, with people with no education or with those who had the primary level only (48,8%) and who had as their occupation “retired or pensioner”, “farm worker”, “housewife” or “manual worker”. Concerning the municipalities where deaths occurred, Cariacica, Vila Velha, Linhares and Serra were the ones which presented the highest increment on the coefficients of mortality (per 100 thousand inhabitants). The data indicate that external causes have significant importance on the mortality profile in Espírito Santo, what points to an urgent need of public policies directed to prevention of lethal violence in the State.
O processo de institucionalização das práticas do médico de família : o caso de Vitória
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-06-17) Tavares, Geruza Rios Pessanha; Junquilho, Gelson Silva; Behr, Ricardo Roberto; Castro, Denise Silveira de
The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the institutionalizing process of family doctors’ practices who work in the region of São Pedro - a residential district in Vitória. Most of these professionals are not general practitioners; they are often under a temporary contract for three years. This qualitative research is grounded on a study case whose data was collected through non-participant observation, semistructured interviews and documentary analysis, involving subjects who have had at least two year’s practice as family doctors. The results reveal that the way the family doctors’ practices have been introduced has extended the gap between what has to be done and what really happens in everyday practice. This indicates there is need of reflection on the part of the own institution about its role, its policy and the need of an intervention in conjunction with the family health strategy and the health municipal system as a whole so that we can achieve the effectiveness of the principles and guidelines of the Health Unique System.
Viajantes em busca de saídas : o grupo de movimento como uma possível rota terapêutica para usuários de álcool e de outras drogas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-07-01) Rasch, Scheila Silva; Garcia, Maria Lúcia Teixeira; Siqueira, Marluce Miguel de; Barros, Regina Benevides de
It considers the applicability of movement groups as a therapeutic strategy for alcohol and drug users. The policy of the Brazilian Ministry of Health on the use of alcohol and other drugs encourages differentiated strategies of intervention for such users, aiming their sheltering, considering not only abstinence, but also practices of harm reduction as reference. It takes as context of its study the Center of Prevention and Treatment of Toxic Maniacs, Secretary of Health, City of Vitória the first Center of Psychosocial Attention Alcohol and Drugs in the State of Espírito Santo and its main lines of work. It traces the history of the movement group from 1995 to 2003, having as study subjects the participants of the movement group sessions that took place from November 2002 to May 2003. It uses documentary research, having as source the management reports of the mentioned institution, patients reports, documents and planning reports of the movement group sessions. It works with semi-structured interviews in order to search for the interpretation given by the participant subjects in the process. It brings the interpretation of the interviewed subjects on such experience, highlighting the repetition of effects produced by the work, such as sensations of vitalization and relaxation which may establish new practices capable of helping patients to reposition their history and their utilization patterns of psychoactive substances. It points out the viability of movement groups as a possible therapeutic resource for such users, safeguarding the uniqueness of this clientele through actions such as the offer of open groups, considering the difficulty of these users for joining a group as well as continuing their treatment.
O processo de trabalho da enfermagem em um hospital pediátrico : relações e intercessões na produção cotidiana do cuidar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-07-29) Laignier, Mariana Rabello; Lima, Rita de Cássia Duarte; Borges, Luiz Henrique; Merhy, Emerson Elias
This research investigates how the Nursing teamwork is processed, in a pediatric public hospital, inserted in Sistema Único de Saúde in Vitória-ES. It is about the power relations in every day production of Nursing work and analyses how the relation between health-work-illness is occurred in the hospital work environment. It develops a study case, which uses qualitative approaches. Data was collected through eleven semi-structured interviews and two workshops based on focal group technician with the participation of fifteen Nursing professionals of average level and twelve nurses, respectively. The empirical material examination was made according to Bardin content analysis, bringing the interviewers discourse to dialogued reflection with the authors who substantiate the theme. The results show that most of the caretakers are women; the work is done in a fragmented way, following a hierarchy historically established; the health assistant model daily observed in the institution is procedure-centered; and the values (less) as well as work conditions intimately interfere in the satisfaction level and in the professional health. It is concluded that relations in institutional micro space must be rethought in order to make the caretaker able to incorporate new practices and participative actions in the every day work.
O processo de cessação do fumar na perspectiva de ex-fumantes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-08-05) Silva, Cremilda Maria de Mello; Leite, Izildo Corrêa; Siqueira, Marluce Miguel de; Borges, Luiz Henrique
This study aims to understand how individuals live and elaborate the stopping smoking process in their social contexts, beginning with former-smokers' experiences. The smokers go through motivational stages, until they manage to stop smoking, which for some can be a short time while for others, takes years. The stage change is influenced by several factors. It can be seen, among these, that the stopping smoking stage occurs due to present forces in the societies which aim to control tabaccoism, as well as, from cultural factors that promote smoking abstention indirectly. This last one being attributed, to the fact that tabaccoism as a practice does suit the current conceptions of health, beauty and well being. A qualitative study with carried out on individuals that had stopped smoking for at least one year and were being attended by the Prevention State Reference and Tabaccoism Treatment Center (CREPTT). 17 subjects (11 women and 6 men) with ages ranging from 36 to 71 years were interviewed. The empiric data obtained from interviews from former smokers were analyzed according to Content Thematic Analysis and interpreted according to the Social Representations Theory. The most important considerations are as follows: stopping smoking was shown to be an awareness process of perceiving tabaccoism as a problem of the individual and the people close to him or her. Factors related to the body and social coexistence contributed to the search for recovery from tabaccoism. The experience links, interpreted as abstinence supports, were the interpersonal network of relatives, professionals and treatment group colleagues, contact with former-smokers, determination and faith. Tabaccoism abstention was associated to changes. These changes, were perceived as conditions for a better life. Tabaccoism abstention by the former-smokers of this study is seen, to be the condition, among others, of feeling healthier, with a better physical appearance and social acceptance.
Comissão de saúde do trabalhador : contando uma experiência da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-08-08) Santana, Liliane Graça; Lima, Rita de Cassia Duarte; Barros, Maria Elizabeth Barros de; Borges, Luiz Henrique
It studies the Worker Health committee (COSATs) inserted in fifteen unities of the Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Espírito Santo. It evaluates the experience of implanting the COSATs in five years of existence and it contributes to trace directive rules that guide the formation course for these committee members. It is about a study with qualitative characteristic, such as exploratory descriptive, having the metadologic approach as study case. Data was taken from documents produced by COSATs members during the formation course, and from interviews and workshops, which psychodrama was used in the committee participants. To examine the empirical material, documents content analysis and interviews discourse and workshop production analysis were used. From the studies results it is possible to know the COSATs everyday life and it highlights the committee pioneering that has been constituted in the solidarity act of listening knowledge space, but also, conflicts space and unequal of forces relation. It ascertains that most of this committee is working with a reduced number of participants, or deactivated, or working with members whose mandates are irregular. It shows how difficult it is to relate COSATs with the unity directions and the lack of support of several institutions. A relevant point is the constatation of the committee distance from the other unity workers who are not involved in the discussions and decisions to be made, what indicates the committee not following a different path from what was expected in the creation. It points the necessity of a new evaluation of the formation course of workers inclusion and mobilization of a greater involvement, specially from the union and the Serviço de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho professionals to support these committees and it suggests a new and deep study about relevant questions.
Impacto da vacinação contra o Haemophilus Influenzae tipo B na incidência de meningite no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-08-12) Martins, Ronaldo Ewald; Falqueto, Aloísio; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia
In July 1999, a conjugate vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) began to be used in children in Espírito Santo State. With the object of evaluating the impact of vaccination on the incidence of meningitis caused by Hib, the State Secretariat of Health (SESA, ES) data were used and a survey of the cases occurred in the period 1993 – 2004 was carried out. Of a total of 406 meningitis Hib cases that occurred during such period, 359 cases which occurred in children under 5 years old were studied, specifying those under 1 year old and the 1 – 4 year-old group. In the year 2000, the State had 77 counties, 3.097.232 inhabitants, and 284.436 children under 5 years old, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The rates were calculated for 100.000 inhabitants for each age span. The period 1993 – 1999 was considered as pre-vaccine and the period 2000 – 2004 as post-vaccine. The Vaccine was administered at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, with no booster in the first year of life and in a sole dose in the second year. Results showed that in the counties with a larger number of children under 5 years old, the average incidence in the pre-vaccine period was higher than double the average incidence in the counties with a smaller number of children in that age span (12,54 and 4,13, respectively). From the pre-vaccine period to the postvaccine period, the average rate in those under 1 year old declined from 50,57 to 4,88 (p=0,003), and in the 1 – 4 year-old group it declined from 8,43 to 0,86 (p=0,003). The predominant gender was male (54,87%). No statistical predominance was observed in the seasonal distribution of cases. Lethality in those under 5 years old was 15,59%. When detailed by age span, lethality showed 19,81% in those under 1 year old and 9,52% in the 1 – 4 year-old group. The conclusion was that there was a great impact of vaccination upon the incidence of meningitis Hib in children under 1 year old, and also in children 1 – 4 years old, determining a significant change in the rates of the evaluated age spans, and also in the other ages participation rate. The surprising and sudden decline of the rates in children 1 – 4 years old suggested a strong evidence of the occurrence of a mass immunity effect. It was also observed a great alteration in the case rate by age span after vaccination. The children above 5 years old, who represented 8,71% of the cases in the pre-vaccine period, came to represent 38,46% of the cases in the post-vaccine period. The 47 cases that occurred in children above 5 years old were not object of this dissertation, and were only mentioned in the final comments.
Risco cardiovascular entre vegetarianos e onívoros : um estudo comparativo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-09-01) Teixeira, Rita de Cássia Moreira de Almeida; Molina, Maria Del Carmen Bisi; Mill, José Geraldo; Chor, Dora
The increase in Non-transmittible Chronic Diseases (NTDCs) has been associated to changes in lifestyle, mainly those related to eating and sedentary habits. On this theme, there is considerable epidemic evidence suggesting that vegetarian eating habits are associated to the low risk from these diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). For the evaluation of the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in vegetarians (VEGs) and omnivores (ONIs), a historical cohort study was done with 201 individuals (aged from 35 to 64 years). They were included in the 67 VEGs study for the past five years, from Greater Vitória, and 134 ONIs from the Project MONICA/Vitória, based on socioeconomic class, sex, age and race/ethnic group. Dietary data from three 24 hour-records which measured anthropometrics, biochemistries and hemodynamics were obtained at the UFES Cardiovascular Investigation Clinic. The estimated consumption of Na+ e k+ was determined by twelve-hour urine collection during the night period. The X2 test was used for comparison of proportions and the Student test t for averages. The relative risk was calculated and quantified the cardiovascular risk by Framingham algorithm. The group average age was between 47+8 years and the average vegetarianism time of between 19+10 years, being an ovolactovegetarian diet followed by 73% of VEGs. Most of the participants belonged to the classes B and C and the predominant religion was the Seventh Day Adventist. VEGs ingested less protein and animal fats and more carbohydrates and fibers. Blood pressure, fasting glucemia, total cholesterol, LDL-c and triglycerides were lower among VEGs (P < 0,001) and the hypertension risk was approximately 6,5 times greater among ONIs (IC95% 2,7-15,4; P < 0,001). The HDL-c was not different among the groups. Corporal Mass Index > 30kg/m2 (obesity) was not identified in any VEG. Among ONIs, 20% presented obesity and 38% overweight. Na+ and Na/K were also smaller among VEGs, as well as the waist/hip reasoning. In agreement with the Framingham algorithm, VEGs presented smaller RCV (P < 0,001). The unbalanced omnivores eating habits, with protein excess and animal fats can largely be blamed for NTDCs unlocking, especially in hypertension, diabetes and obesity.
Efeitos da intervenção de enfermagem-relaxamento no sistema imunológico das puérperas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-09-23) Primo, Cândida Caniçali; Amorim, Maria Helena Costa; Borges, Luiz Henrique; Rumjanek, Vivian Mary Barral Dodd; Falqueto, Aloísio; Souza, Lúcia Renata Meireles de
This study examine the influence of Nursing Intervention – Relaxation on the immune system of postpartum women. 60 women (control and experimental group) were recruited from the postpartum floor of Cel. Leôncio Vieira de Resende Maternity in Serra, Espírito Santo. Research the secretory IgA levels in the postpartum women and the correlations with age, hours postpartum, partum, tobacco and alcohol use, anxiety and depression. Use an interview, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. IgA was dosed using immuneturbidimeter and was collected in two moments: until 24 hours postpartum and one week later. The data was analyzed by the Social Package Statistical Science called SPSS version 8.0 – 1997. Conclusions: the Nursing Intervention – Relaxation increase the secretory IgA levels and reduce anxiety postnatal in the postpartum women of experimental group. No correlations were found.
O acompanhante na instituição hospitalar : relatos de uma experiência
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-11-24) Dibai, Márcia Bárbara Souza; Cade, Nágela Valadão; Raizer, Eugenia Célia; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo de
The present study had as objective to know, from the family companion perception, their experience in accompanying the hospitalized adult patient. It is an exploratory and descriptive study, based on the qualitative approach and case study example, which was carried out in the medical clinic department of a hospital-school. It was used the sample by saturation, being interviewed 12 family companions. It was also opted to obtain data from 8 professionals from the hospital, in order to better understand the study object. As a methodology of data collection, semi-structured interviews were realized and the data were treated by the content analysis technique (BARDIN, 1977). The results showed that affectivity and obligation were the main reasons that led the companions to stay with the hospitalized relatives. During the stay in the hospital, the companions realized more self-care activities that had as objective to supply the patient s basic needs of nutrition, hydration, elimination, hygiene, rest-activity and comfort. The most perceived difficulties by them were related to personal questions and the infra-structure of the hospital, that imply the necessity to offer a better comfort for their permanence with the interned patient. The difficulties related to interaction with the staff, as well as the activities that they realized were less noticed. During the accompanying period, physical alterations were identified, with weariness predominance, and emotional alterations, in which preoccupation permeated all the process, also being manifested other feelings like sadness, nervousness, fear, insecurity, fragility and loneliness. In relation to the alterations occurred in the daily life, the most cited by the family companions were to abandon the house, interrupt the household chores, as well as not to give attention to children. Faith was recognized by them as the main confrontation strategy for the overcoming of the difficulties found in the hospital context. The experience narrated by the companions reveals their objective demands as well as the subjective, and shows the necessity to create a service policy to this specific group, bringing implication to the hospital institution and the staff.
Análise das principais causas de troca de esquemas anti-retrovirais no tratamento de Aids em crianças atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-04-06) Macedo, Cristina Ribeiro; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Amorim, Maria Helena Costa; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa
The study was developed in the Infectious Deseases Ambulatory of the Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória (HINSG), Vitória (ES), Brazil. From the 230 children that were included, 98 were exposed to HIV virus so they were followed to asses their serum status and 116 children that where were on anti-rethroviral therapy. Several children were in an advanced stage of the infection and had already used differents schemes of treatment.This is a case-control study, with a control group of 49 children without changes in their therapeutical scheme since January 2000 till December 2005 and the case group of 62 children that changed at least once their drugs on the same period. The objective was to identify the reasons for changing the therapeutical scheme of AIDS treatment in children with vertical contamination and how they match with treatment adhesion, throught two variables: failure of treatment and intolerance. Anamnesis data and a standard interview with open and shut questions to the caretakers were used and the results were analised with square chi test to weigh the association of variables using SPSS 8.0 for Windows. The main reasons for the treatment change were viral, inmunological or clinical worsening in 30 (48,4%); 29 (46,6%) and 22 patientes (35,5%), and in 30 (50%) cases the change occurred in less than a year of treatment which represents a strong indicative of lack of adhesion. We conclued that all kind of efforts must be made to obtain adhesion, because it can save the life of a child with AIDS.
Os espaços de transmissão da hanseníase: domicílio, trabalho e relações de vizinhança
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-04-13) Madeira, Elizabeth Santos; Falqueto, Aloísio; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Oliveira, Maria Leide Wand Del Rey de
In the Espírito Santo State, in the southeast region of Brazil, prevalence rates of leprosy are decreasing while the detection rates is not. This fact demonstrates that, albeit the quality of services has improved considerably through the years, they still have not been able to affect leprosys’s cycle of transmission in the population. Therefore, there is a need for more effective interventions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the three most common environments for leprosy transmission: the home, the workplace, and neighborhood contacts. In order to accomplish these objectivies, the study was performed in two segments: spacial and exploratory. In the spacial approach, an area of distribution of leprosy cases was performed in the city of Vitória, to calculate the detection rates, and the detection rate among children under 15 years old, in each health care territory of the region. In the exploratory phase of the study, the work environment was investigated, performing an awareness of the modes of transmission, recognition of symptoms, and performing health tests of at risk individuals. In the spacial phase of the study, a comparison was made between two groups of patients: from the urban and rural zone. This study analyzed the contribution of the workplace factor in leprosy transmission. The study of the social contacts showed that the disease is spread in all areas of Vitória, with more concentration in the following regions: Grande São Pedro, the boundaries of São Pedro V, Resistência, and Santo André. This region concentrates 32.5% of leprosy cases in Vitória. Another concentration zone is the neighborhood area of Maria Ortiz and Jabour, in the Continental region. These are places of recent ocupation in the Vitória Island (1980-1990) sharing the same history of migratory invasion. Those migrants placed themselves in “palafitas” precarious wood slums on recovered sanitary land areas. The detection average figures showed that the areas of higher risk for leprosy transmission are four hyper-endemic territories (detection figures - > 10/10.000 inhabitants) where 8.9% of the population subsists, with an average ratio of 33.96% of leprosy cases in Vitória: São Pedro V, Resistência, Santo André e Jabour. The comparison contrast between rates of social deprivation and leprosy suggests a connection between this illness and precarious socio-economic conditions. The study of the patients’ profile showed predominance of middle-aged women who have been living in Vitória over five years, with low socio-economic condition. Also, they are mostly paucibacillary patients, with easy access to health services. The average age of 39 years and 6 months suggests long periods of incubation and explains the difficulties found by the Health Personnel in identifying the sources of infection and developing effective actions to control leprosy. In the analyses of cases realized in the work environment, three new cases were identified at the same place, which demonstrates the relevance of this approach. The comparison between urban and rural groups showed statistically significant differences were found in the detection figures, due to the discovery of cases (through health tests), higher in the urban than the rural group used as control. This fact should explain the high contribution of the household transmission, here characterized by family and neighbors as well, in the phenomenon of likelihood of the presence of the illness in several members of the same family. This may be a consequence of the accelerated urbanization of Espírito Santo in recent decades, which created slums in the peripheries of the big cities characterized by several families related by blood and tightly connected, sharing the same backyards and relating to each other and to other individuals in many possible places of transmission. Altogether, the results suggest that poverty and the consequent sharing of exiguous spaces constitute an important link in leprosy causes. Furthermore, in Vitória, many low-risk individuals are creating more cases than the few high-risk individuals. The study also suggests that strategies towards population and health professionals have been more effective in discovering new cases than the contact exams performed periodically by the Health Departments regulated by the Brazilian Federal Ministério da Saúde. Although a very important measure in the war against the disease, this traditional practice should not be the only one used to detect new cases.
Representações do corpo : com a palavra um grupo de adolescentes de classes populares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-05-31) Braga, Patrícia Déa; Figueiredo, Túlio Alberto Martins de; Molina, Maria Del Carmen Bisi; Simões, Angela Maria de Castro; Borges, Luiz Henrique
The great importance given to the image and appearance currently is fact of public knowledge. This valuation of the body in relation to the aesthetic one was verified in previous study between adolescents of popular classrooms, which had disclosed an insatisfaction with the body, exactly being inside of the health standard. Once, with the great aesthetic concern with the corporal one demonstrated by these adolescents, the current study had as objective to know and analyse the social representations of body between adolescents of popular classrooms. One was about an inquiry of carried through qualitative boarding with a group of diligent adolescents tied with the Centro Salesiano do Menor (CESAM), situated in the city of Vitoria - ES. A random sample was selected from a list of 334 adolescents, composing a group of twenty adolescents of both sexes. Amongst these, eight girls and seven boys had been boarded by means of not-structuralized interview. The interruption of the interviews if established by means of the redundancy point, which points with respect to a repetition of the answers. From the analysis of what they said, was used the theory of the Social Representations for quarrel of the raised categories. The results had pointed that the body perception, as much for boys how much toward the girls, is come back toward the ideas of proportionality, normality and perfection. For the boys, a muscular and strong body was detached and for the girls details as hair, color of the skin and accessories of the fashion had been spoken. The desire to possess a body as in the standard propagated for the media was disclosed by the two groups. The insatisfaction with the body was stronger in the girls. The health and a functional body were remembered by the boys, associated to the question of the work. About the consequences of not having the ideal body, both had pointed situations as: exclusion, illnesses, misfortune and even death. To deepen the knowledge on the opinion, the thoughts and feelings of the relative adolescents to the body, supplies to subsidies interventions in this group, extending significantly the scope of performance in the area of the health.
Importância vetorial das espécies de anofelinos (diptera:culicidae) na transmissão de malária e estudo dos fatores geoclimáticos determinantes de sua distribuição geográfica no Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-06-05) Meneguzzi, Viviane Coutinho; Falqueto, Aloísio; Oliveira, Ricardo Lourenço de; Feitoza, Leandro Roberto
The objective of the present study was to verify the vectorial importance of species of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in malaria transmission and the geoclimatic factors that determine their geographical distribution in Espirito Santo. The universe of the study consisted of localities within the state. In the 1st phase of the study the anopheline fauna was studied in localities where autochthonous malaria had occurred during the last 20 years, as well as those that did not present foci of the disease. Insect collections were carried out from 1997-2005 in 297 rural localities. Univariate analysis was used to investigate an association between foci of the disease, geoclimatic characteristics and presence of the different species of vector. A total of 14 663 anophelines was captured, belonging to 23 species. During the 2nd phase the anopheline fauna of Jurama (municipality of Vila Valério), where both imported and introduced cases have been recorded during the last five years, was compared with that of Timbuizinho (municipality of Colatina), where imported but not introduced cases have occurred. Six paired collections were carried out every two weeks between November 2005 and February 2006, involving sampling of anophelines in human dwellings and domestic animal shelters during the first four hours after sunset. A total of 283 specimens was collected, 85 in Timbuizinho and 198 in Jurama. Anopheline frequencies in the two localities were compared and multivariate analysis used to define the role of each species in malaria transmission. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between the occurrence of malaria foci and: high temperatures, level topography, and proximity to the sea (? 2 = 16.979; p = 0.000); high temperatures, level topography and significant distance from the sea (? 2 = 30.403; p = 0.000); and high temperatures and gently undulating topography (? 2 = 18.275; p = 0.000). With respect to the vectors, an association was noted between occurrence of the disease and presence of the species Anopheles darlingi, An. aquasalis, An. albitarsis, An. triannulatus and An. galvaoi. The presence of both An. darlingi and An. aquasalis remained significant, after multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis did not demonstrate an association between anopheline frequencies in the two localities studied. The present study provides information needed to implement measures to promote and protect the health of exposed populations, by defining risk areas for the occurrence of malaria foci.
Abortamento induzido e sua relação com aspectos sociodemográficos e reprodutivos de mulheres admitidas em uma maternidade pública da Serra-ES : um estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-06-06) Nader, Priscilla Rocha Araujo; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Falqueto, Aloísio; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa
The induced miscarriage is considered a public health problem all over the world. Dallari (2005) reflects about all society and, especially those who work with people s health who must discuss searching for a possible consensus about the miscarriage practice, aiming to find the best way to deal with the problem. The studies goals were to identify the sociodemographic and reproductive profile of women interned in a maternity in the district of Serra, Espírito Santo State, and to evaluate the frequency of induced miscarriages associated to sociodemographic and reproductive aspects of the same population mentioned above. It is a transversal study, with a quantitative approach. The sample is constituted of three different groups: 21 women who had had an induced miscarriage, 62 who had had spontaneous miscarriage and 83 who had gestation of term interned in Carapina maternity, from August 2005 up to January 2006. For data collection an interview with registration in form was made. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 14.0. The results found indicated that most of the cases happened with women aged between 20 to 24 years old, brown skinned, from eight to eleven studying years, having up to three minimum wages familiar income, evangelic religion, married/ stable union, housewife, menarche age between nine and twelve years old, coitarca and first gestation during the adolescence period, having the average of 1,2 live child and showing unawareness about the Family Planning Program in the district. The following factors influenced in the occurrence of the induced miscarriage: not being married or living a stable union, having a job out of home, not being aware of the Family Planning Program of the district, not planning and not wanting the gestation and being advised to abort. In the multivariate analyses, the variable identification (induced miscarriage/ gestation of term) presented casual relation only with two variables: marital status and the desire of getting pregnant. To minimize the insecure miscarriage problem, the government and the society should invest in better qualities of life for the population and in the promotion of the reproductive health with an incentive for the access to sexual and reproductive education and to family planning.
Efeitos da vacina da influenza na morbidade e mortalidade do idoso no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-06-14) Almeida, Silvana Guasti; Castro, Denise Silveira de; Falqueto, Aloísio; Braga, José Ueleres
This study evaluates the influenza vaccine’s effects on morbidity and mortality of the elderly. It analyses a group of people who are 65 years old or over, which has hospital admission registration in the “Sistema Único de Saúde”. It also analyses a group of people who are 60 years old or over with death registration because of related diseases by influenza, from 1995 to 2003, in Espírito Santo State. Vaccination against influenza (flu) for the entire population over 60 years old happens every year since 1999. It lets us evaluate how the elderly behave face to these two variables, morbidity and mortality, before and after vaccination mentioned above. The data were analyzed by the Social Package Statistical Science called SPSS version 8.0 – 1997. It concludes that the found data is statistically significant for morbidity (hospital admission), showing that the vaccine intervention is effective. When it comes to the variable mortality, there is no significant difference in the data found before and after the vaccination, which demonstrates the necessity of more information.
Condições de trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores na indústria do vestuário em Colatina-ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-07-07) Garcia Júnior, Antônio Carlos; Borges, Luiz Henrique; Falqueto, Aloísio; Almeida, ldeberto Muniz de
abstract
Realidades e Perspectivas da Assistência à Saúde do Adulto Trabalhador no Município de Vitória-es.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-08-25) Werner, Regina Célia Diniz; SILVA, A. R.; BORGES, L. H.; PAULO, D. N. S.
abstract
Ansiedade e sintomas de depressão em gestantes : um desafio a ser enfrentado
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-10-13) Nascimento, Solange Rodrigues da Costa; Amorim, Maria Helena Costa; Schirmer, Janine; Borges, Luiz Henrique
This study characterises trace and state of anxiety and presence of depressive symptoms in pregnant women during the gestational period, as well as their sociodemographic and gynaecological-obstetric aspects. It includes a sample of 255 expectant mothers who followed the antenatal care at 9 health centres of Serra city (Espirito Santo state), from the 3rd of October 2005 to the 22nd of February 2006. The study also verifies the relation between trace and state of anxiety and presence of depressive symptoms with the following variables: age, level of schooling, occupation, marital status, social support, social class, parity, type of labour, smoking, life-style, pregnancy planning, pregnancy complications, gestational trimester, trace of anxiety, state of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data was collected through interviews and registered on forms. It was also used a selfevaluation scale, the STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (IDATE) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The statistical treatment used was the SPSS version 14 (2006). It was concluded that the bigger the trace of anxiety, the bigger the state of anxiety; the bigger the level of anxiety, the bigger the depressive symptoms during pregnancy. It was also found that being married, having social support and a planned pregnancy help to prevent depressive symptoms. No significant differences were found between the level of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the first, second and third trimester of gestational period. There was no correlation between the other variables and level of anxiety and depressive symptoms. There was correlation between smoking and alcohol consumption with depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

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