Adubação mineral e espécies nativas na revegetação de base de poço de petróleo em área de restinga
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2020-08-21
Autores
Rosa, Rayane
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest biomes in biodiversity, but the growing urbanization and extractive activities have caused the degradation of these areas and a consequent imbalance of the entire natural cycle of the environment, which makes the process of natural regeneration difficult. Many of these activities require soil degradation, which makes them low in nutrients and organic matter and also in many cases compacted. To revert the degradation processes of these areas, revegetation techniques are used, with the use of native species and mineral fertilization, in order to improve the soil and facilitate the process of ecological succession. In order to revegetate an oil well base in the municipality of São Mateus - ES, an experiment was developed to evaluate the survival rate, growth, leaf attributes and photosynthetic activity of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Chrysobalanus icaco, Inga laurina, Mouriri guianensis and Garcinia brasiliensis, transplanted in two types of soil (sandy and clayey) and submitted to five doses of NPK 04-14-08 at planting. Each species was evaluated individually in a randomized block design in a split plot scheme with 4 blocks. The plots consisted of the two types of soil (sandy and clayey) and the subplots by the 5 planting fertilization treatments with NPK 04-14-08 (0, 40, 80, 160 and 320 g per pit-1 ). The survival rate was high in S. terebinthifolius Raddi, I. laurina and M. guianensis. In C. icaco it was low when higher doses of planting fertilizer were applied. The best results are represented by treatments that did not receive fertilization or when lower doses were applied. G. brasiliensis also showed a reduction in the survival rate at higher doses. The growth of the species S. terebinthifolius Raddi, C. icaco, M. guianensis and G. brasiliensis, did not suffer influence in relation to the type of soil. In I. laurina, the plants that were grown in clayey soil were those that showed the best growth. For planting fertilization with NPK 04-14-08, the division between plants that do not require planting fertilization (C. icaco, I. laurina and G. brasiliensis) and those that develop better on average with 200 g of NPK (S. terebinthifolius Raddi and M. guianensis). The leaf attributes showed an adaptive response of the plants in relation to the conditions of ix environmental stress to which they were submitted, showing to be an accurate method to evaluate the behavior of the studied species. The species S. terebinthifolius Raddi, I. laurina and G. brasiliensis were more sensitive to changes in the photosynthetic apparatus when cultivated in sandy soil. This fact demonstrated that it is possible to revegetate this type of environment without removing the clayey soil deposited there, considering these three species. The fertilization doses with NPK, did not interfere in the parameters of the JIP test for the species S. terebinthifolius Raddi and M. guianensis, in the two evaluation periods and in C. icaco, at six months
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Recuperação , Adubação , Restinga , Áreas degradadas