Caracterização de recursos genéticos de feijoeiros cultivados no Estado do Espírito Santo: morfologia, adaptabilidade e estabilidade
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2022-08-26
Autores
Altoé, Sabrina Colodette
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important socioeconomic and nutritional crops in the world. It is part of the daily diet of thousands of people in different countries and its nutritional richness is widely recognized. In Brazil, its cultivation is widespread in all regions, in the most diverse edaphoclimatic conditions and from a great genetic variability, characteristic of the species. From agronomic research related to the genetic improvement of the species, it is possible to learn about the adaptation of the crop to different environments. A germplasm bank containing 248 common bean genotypes cultivated in the state of Espírito Santo was created by the common bean breeding program of the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCAE/UFES), being a source of genetic resources and essential information that contribute to advances in genetic improvement work for common bean crops in the state. The main objectives of this study were (i) To organize the information about the studies on the genetic resources of bean plants available in the CCAE/UFES germplasm bank; (ii) study the adaptability and stability of 35 agronomically and genetically divergent genotypes; (iii) as well as to evaluate the interaction genotypes by environment (G x E) regarding the variables productivity and nutritional quality of the grains: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg ) and zinc (Zn). Experiments were installed in the agricultural years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in two annual harvests (dry and rainy) and in five locations: Mimoso do Sul - ES and Pacotuba/Cachoeiro de Itapemirim - ES; Venda Nova do Imigrante – ES; Linhares – ES and Sooretama – ES. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks, with three replications, each repetition with four plots composed of ten plants. For the yield variable, the evaluation of the adaptability and stability parameters of the genotypes were obtained by analytical factor models and GGE-Biplot and for the nutritional quality variables of the grains by the methods: Eberhart & Russell, Lin & Binns and Annicchiarico. Genetic resources show genetic and agronomic diversity, such as the diversity of sizes, shapes, colors and mineral composition of common bean 13 plants available in the CCAE/UFES germplasm bank. The latent regression analysis obtained by factor analytic models identified the INC_62, INC_67 and INC_90 genotypes as more responsive to the Seca year 2019 Venda Nova do Imigrante (S2019VN) environment for productivity. Genotypes INC_106 and UFES_173 showed productive stability in the tested environments. The GGE-biplot analysis showed high yielding genotypes (INC_62, INC_106, INC_90) for grain yield and indicated the INC_106 genotype as the most responsive and the INC_90 genotype as the closest to the ideal in terms of yield and yield stability. There were significant differences (p<0.05) for all nutritional variables, with creole genotypes standing out in most environments tested. The Cachoeiro year 2020 water harvest environment was more favorable for four of the seven nutritional variables (P, K, Ca and Fe). The INC60, INC-61 and Rio Tibagi genotypes showed high content of K, N and P, respectively, in all tested environments and wide adaptability and stability (WiG), being recommended when aiming for higher levels of these minerals in the grains. The UFES-10, UFES-95, INC-23, INC-90 and Goytacazes genotypes performed better in favorable environments for N, P, K, Mg and Zn contents, respectively, when considering all adaptability and stability methodologies used in this work.
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Feijoeiro comum , Interação genótipo x ambiente , Produtividade , Composição mineral