Toxicidade de óleos essenciais de espécies de Psidium (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) sobre lagartas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Data
2023-07-17
Autores
Carvalho, Thais Dutra de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the main pest insect species in the world, causing significant damage to various important agricultural crops such as corn, cotton, rice, and soybeans. Among pest management methods, the use of essential oils (EOs) stands out as a promising and important option for the discovery of new insecticidal molecules. The genus Psidium includes fruit-bearing plants that produce EOs rich in sesquiterpenes, with βcaryophyllene being one of the main compounds. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the toxicity of β-caryophyllene-rich EOs from eight Psidium species on S. frugiperda caterpillars, along with the pure compound. Based on the results, it was possible to establish a toxicity scale of Psidium species EOs to S. frugiperda, with Psidium guajava (Século XXI) > Psidium sp. > Psidium guajava (Paluma) > Psidium cattleyanum (Cat 3) > Psidium myrtoides > Psidium guajava (Cortibel XV) > Psidium gaudichaudianum > Psidium cattleyanum (Cat 8) > β-caryophyllene > Psidium guineense > Psidium guajava (Cortibel XIII) > Psidium macahense > Psidium friedrichsthalianum > Psidium cattleyanum (Cat 5). The EOs from the Século XXI and Paluma cultivars, as well as Psidium sp., resulted in mortality rates of over 70% of the caterpillars, while pure β-caryophyllene showed about 30% mortality. It was observed that β-caryophyllene demonstrated enhanced functionality in synergy with other compounds, even at low concentrations. However, in the estimation of lethal concentration (LC), the Paluma EO showed the lowest estimated LC50 value of 64,500 µg/mL and LC90 of 86,900 µg/mL. The balanced composition of compounds found in the Paluma and Século XXI (P. guajava) cultivars exhibited higher toxicity on S. frugiperda caterpillars.
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Metabólitos secundários , β-cariofileno , Sesquiterpenos , Atividade inseticida , Lagarta-do-cartucho