Desempenho de genótipos de milho : tolerância salina, adubação, produtividade e bioatividade de Corymbia citriodora sobre Sitophilus zeamais
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Data
2024-12-20
Autores
Marcos, Rodrigues Agostinho
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Maize is a crop of food and economic importance worldwide, with the United States of America being the largest producers with 380,93 million tons and with a high average productivity of between 9 and 10 Ton/ha, exceeding 35 million, Brazil It is the second largest exporter and third largest producer of maize, behind only the United States and China. The State of Mato Grosso stands out with an average productivity of 6,338 kg/ha and production of 41,620,1 tons of grains, followed by Paraná, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul and Minas Gerais. The average productivity per maize area in the State of Espírito Santo is 2,955 kg/ha, ranking at the bottom. Among the problems that cause low maize production are inadequate fertilization management, the selection and planting of genetic materials susceptible to adverse environments (such as saline) and post-harvest pest infestation caused mainly by Sitophilus zeamais, responsible for grain losses and seeds. To prepare this research, 5 factorial experiments were prioritized, two (2) in the field and three (3) carried out in the laboratories of UFES-Alegre and Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological, morphological and productive performance of maize genotypes subjected to saline environment conditions, mineral fertilizer sources and alternative control of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. The first chapter aimed to evaluate the effect of saline concentrations on seed germination and development of maize seedlings, and it was concluded that the best response to saline stress was obtained in the White genotype, in all variables evaluated. The second chapter evaluated the physiological and morphological behavior of maize genotypes in response to the application of mineral and organomineral fertilizers and it was concluded that fertilization with organomineral fertilizer provided similar responses when compared to complete fertilization - NPK. In the third chapter, the nutritional status and production of corn genotypes were evaluated based on the application of mineral and organomineral fertilizer, and it was concluded that the hybrid AG1051 and the varieties Branco, Roxo, Palha roxa and Vermelho showed higher grain productivity when they were fertilized with NPK. The fourth chapter aimed to evaluate the host preference of Sitophilus zeamais in stored maize seeds. And it was concluded that maize genotypes present different mechanisms of non-preference and oviposition by Sitophilus zeamais, with Roxo genotype standing out, which presented antixenosis resulting from the effect of nutritional properties and seed hardness. In the fifth chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of dosages of Corymbia citriodora powders on Sitophilus zeamais in the conservation of maize seeds and it was concluded that the interaction between Corymbia citriodora powders and genetic resistance of maize genotypes constitutes a sustainable strategy for efficient seed protection for family and organic farming
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Milho , Salinidade , Adubação , Controle , Sitophilus zeamais , Corn , Salinity , Fertilizers , Control